Auto-end PipelineRunner.run() when all root workers finish

run() now defaults to auto_end=True: the runner ends once every root worker has finished, so single-pipeline bots end naturally when their pipeline does and tests no longer need an explicit runner.end() call. Multi-worker bots whose helpers run forever still trigger shutdown via end() / cancel() from an event handler (typically on transport disconnect). Hosts that add and remove workers across many sessions can pass auto_end=False to keep the runner up.
Deprecate passing a worker to PipelineRunner.run()
2026-05-21 23:08:47 -07:00 · 2026-05-21 23:02:33 -07:00
328 changed files with 768 additions and 388 deletions
--- a/changelog/4493.changed.3.md
+++ b/changelog/4493.changed.3.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- `PipelineRunner.run()` now ends automatically once every root worker has finished, so single-pipeline bots no longer need an explicit `runner.end()` / `runner.cancel()` call. Multi-worker bots whose helpers run forever (waiting for bus messages) still trigger shutdown by calling `end()` / `cancel()` from an event handler (typically on transport disconnect). Pass `auto_end=False` to `run()` for long-lived hosts (e.g. a FastAPI server) that add and remove workers across many sessions.
--- a/changelog/4493.deprecated.md
+++ b/changelog/4493.deprecated.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- Passing a worker to `PipelineRunner.run()` is deprecated. Register the worker with `PipelineRunner.add_workers()` before calling `run()` instead. The `worker` argument still works but emits a `DeprecationWarning` and will be removed in a future release.
--- a/examples/audio/audio-bot-background-sound.py
+++ b/examples/audio/audio-bot-background-sound.py
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/audio/audio-recording.py
+++ b/examples/audio/audio-recording.py
@@ -191,7 +191,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await save_audio_file(bot_audio, bot_filename, sample_rate, 1)

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/audio/audio-sound-effects.py
+++ b/examples/audio/audio-sound-effects.py
@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-dedicated-llm.py
+++ b/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-dedicated-llm.py
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-google.py
+++ b/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-google.py
@@ -184,7 +184,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-manual-openai.py
+++ b/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-manual-openai.py
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-openai.py
+++ b/examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-openai.py
@@ -184,7 +184,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-add-tool-change-messages.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-add-tool-change-messages.py
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-app-resources.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-app-resources.py
@@ -308,7 +308,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()

    # The session has ended; read whatever state the handlers built up.
    logger.info(f"Tool calls logged during session:\n{tool_call_logger.dump()}")
--- a/examples/features/features-before-and-after-events.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-before-and-after-events.py
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-concurrent-llm-evaluation.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-concurrent-llm-evaluation.py
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-concurrent-llm-rtvi-ignored-sources.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-concurrent-llm-rtvi-ignored-sources.py
@@ -169,7 +169,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-custom-frame-processor.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-custom-frame-processor.py
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-gpu-container-local-bot.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-gpu-container-local-bot.py
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-live-translation.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-live-translation.py
@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-pattern-pair-voice-switching.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-pattern-pair-voice-switching.py
@@ -237,7 +237,8 @@ Remember: Use narrator voice for EVERYTHING except the actual quoted dialogue.""
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-service-switcher.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-service-switcher.py
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-switch-languages.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-switch-languages.py
@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-switch-voices.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-switch-voices.py
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-user-email-gathering.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-user-email-gathering.py
@@ -146,7 +146,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-voicemail-detection.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-voicemail-detection.py
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/features/features-wake-phrase.py
+++ b/examples/features/features-wake-phrase.py
@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-async-stream.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-async-stream.py
@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-async.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-async.py
@@ -165,7 +165,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-video.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-video.py
@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic.py
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-aws-video.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-aws-video.py
@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-aws.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-aws.py
@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-azure.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-azure.py
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-cerebras.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-cerebras.py
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ Start by asking me for my location. Then, use 'get_weather_current' to give me a

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-deepseek.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-deepseek.py
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ Start by asking me for my location. Then, use 'get_weather_current' to give me a

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-direct.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-direct.py
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-fireworks.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-fireworks.py
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-async-stream.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-async-stream.py
@@ -199,7 +199,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-async.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-async.py
@@ -241,7 +241,8 @@ indicate you should use the get_image tool are:

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-vertex.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-vertex.py
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-video.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-video.py
@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-google.py
@@ -233,7 +233,8 @@ indicate you should use the get_image tool are:

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-grok.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-grok.py
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-        await runner.run(worker)
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-groq.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-groq.py
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-inception.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-inception.py
@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(task)
+    await runner.add_workers(task)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-missing-handler.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-missing-handler.py
@@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-mistral.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-mistral.py
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-moondream-video.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-moondream-video.py
@@ -215,7 +215,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-nebius.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-nebius.py
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-novita.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-novita.py
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-nvidia.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-nvidia.py
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-ollama.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-ollama.py
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-async-stream.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-async-stream.py
@@ -199,7 +199,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-async.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-async.py
@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-async-stream.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-async-stream.py
@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-async.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-async.py
@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-http.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-http.py
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-video-http.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-video-http.py
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-video.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-video.py
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses.py
@@ -168,7 +168,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-video.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-video.py
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai.py
@@ -157,7 +157,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openrouter.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-openrouter.py
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-perplexity.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-perplexity.py
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-qwen.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-qwen.py
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-sambanova.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-sambanova.py
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-sarvam.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-sarvam.py
@@ -165,7 +165,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/function-calling/function-calling-together.py
+++ b/examples/function-calling/function-calling-together.py
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/01-say-one-thing.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/01-say-one-thing.py
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/01a-local-audio.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/01a-local-audio.py
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ async def main():

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=False if sys.platform == "win32" else True)

-    await asyncio.gather(runner.run(worker), say_something())
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await asyncio.gather(runner.run(), say_something())


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/examples/getting-started/02-llm-say-one-thing.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/02-llm-say-one-thing.py
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/03-still-frame.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/03-still-frame.py
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/03a-local-still-frame.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/03a-local-still-frame.py
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ async def main():
                tk_root.update_idletasks()
                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)

-        await asyncio.gather(runner.run(worker), run_tk())
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await asyncio.gather(runner.run(), run_tk())


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/examples/getting-started/04-sync-speech-and-image.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/04-sync-speech-and-image.py
@@ -205,7 +205,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

        # Run the pipeline
        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-        await runner.run(worker)
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/05-speaking-state.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/05-speaking-state.py
@@ -157,7 +157,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/06-voice-agent.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/06-voice-agent.py
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/getting-started/06a-voice-agent-local.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/06a-voice-agent-local.py
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ async def main():

    runner = PipelineRunner()

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/examples/getting-started/07-function-calling.py
+++ b/examples/getting-started/07-function-calling.py
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/mcp/mcp-multiple-mcp.py
+++ b/examples/mcp/mcp-multiple-mcp.py
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-        await runner.run(worker)
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/mcp/mcp-stdio.py
+++ b/examples/mcp/mcp-stdio.py
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-        await runner.run(worker)
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/mcp/mcp-streamable-http-gemini-live.py
+++ b/examples/mcp/mcp-streamable-http-gemini-live.py
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-        await runner.run(worker)
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/mcp/mcp-streamable-http.py
+++ b/examples/mcp/mcp-streamable-http.py
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ Just respond with short sentences when you are carrying out tool calls.

        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-        await runner.run(worker)
+        await runner.add_workers(worker)
+        await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/pgmq-handoff/llm.py
+++ b/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/pgmq-handoff/llm.py
@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@ async def main_async() -> None:

    runner = PipelineRunner(bus=bus, handle_sigint=True)
    logger.info(f"Starting {args.worker} worker, waiting for activation...")
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/pgmq-handoff/main.py
+++ b/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/pgmq-handoff/main.py
@@ -169,7 +169,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        logger.info("Client disconnected")
        await worker.cancel()

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/redis-handoff/llm.py
+++ b/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/redis-handoff/llm.py
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ async def main_async() -> None:

    runner = PipelineRunner(bus=bus, handle_sigint=True)
    logger.info(f"Starting {args.worker} worker, waiting for activation...")
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/redis-handoff/main.py
+++ b/examples/multi-worker/distributed-handoff/redis-handoff/main.py
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        logger.info("Client disconnected")
        await worker.cancel()

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/observability/observability-heartbeats.py
+++ b/examples/observability/observability-heartbeats.py
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ async def main():

    runner = PipelineRunner()

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/examples/observability/observability-observer.py
+++ b/examples/observability/observability-observer.py
@@ -170,7 +170,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/observability/observability-sentry-metrics.py
+++ b/examples/observability/observability-sentry-metrics.py
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-anthropic.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-anthropic.py
@@ -239,7 +239,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-aws-nova-sonic.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-aws-nova-sonic.py
@@ -283,7 +283,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-gemini.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-gemini.py
@@ -316,7 +316,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-grok-realtime.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-grok-realtime.py
@@ -233,7 +233,8 @@ Remember, your responses should be short - just one or two sentences usually."""

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-realtime.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-realtime.py
@@ -253,7 +253,8 @@ Remember, your responses should be short. Just one or two sentences, usually."""

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses-http.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses-http.py
@@ -234,7 +234,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses.py
@@ -234,7 +234,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai.py
+++ b/examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai.py
@@ -232,7 +232,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)

-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/rag/rag-gemini-grounding-metadata.py
+++ b/examples/rag/rag-gemini-grounding-metadata.py
@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/rag/rag-gemini.py
+++ b/examples/rag/rag-gemini.py
@@ -259,7 +259,8 @@ Your response will be turned into speech so use only simple words and punctuatio
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/rag/rag-mem0.py
+++ b/examples/rag/rag-mem0.py
@@ -255,7 +255,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/realtime/realtime-aws-nova-sonic-async-tool.py
+++ b/examples/realtime/realtime-aws-nova-sonic-async-tool.py
@@ -169,7 +169,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
        await worker.cancel()

    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/examples/realtime/realtime-aws-nova-sonic.py
+++ b/examples/realtime/realtime-aws-nova-sonic.py
@@ -209,7 +209,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):

    # Run the pipeline
    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
-    await runner.run(worker)
+    await runner.add_workers(worker)
+    await runner.run()


 async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				- `PipelineRunner.run()` now ends automatically once every root worker has finished, so single-pipeline bots no longer need an explicit `runner.end()` / `runner.cancel()` call. Multi-worker bots whose helpers run forever (waiting for bus messages) still trigger shutdown by calling `end()` / `cancel()` from an event handler (typically on transport disconnect). Pass `auto_end=False` to `run()` for long-lived hosts (e.g. a FastAPI server) that add and remove workers across many sessions.
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				- Passing a worker to `PipelineRunner.run()` is deprecated. Register the worker with `PipelineRunner.add_workers()` before calling `run()` instead. The `worker` argument still works but emits a `DeprecationWarning` and will be removed in a future release.