POC: Add MoQ transport

2026-05-15 16:59:07 -05:00
18 changed files with 3906 additions and 6 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -61,4 +61,7 @@ docs/api/api
 .python-version

 # Pipecat
-whisker_setup.py
+whisker_setup.py
+
+# MoQ transport
+*.pem
--- a/examples/transports/transports-moq.py
+++ b/examples/transports/transports-moq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+"""MOQ (Media over QUIC) transport example.
+
+This example demonstrates using the MOQ transport for real-time voice
+conversations over QUIC, connecting to a MOQ relay server. It uses the
+unified runner pattern that works with Daily, WebRTC, and MOQ transports.
+
+MOQ provides WebRTC-like latency without WebRTC constraints, using QUIC
+for prioritization and partial reliability.
+
+Requirements:
+    uv sync --extra moq --extra silero --extra deepgram --extra cartesia \
+        --extra openai --extra runner
+
+    # You also need a MOQ relay running locally. Clone moq-relay from
+    # https://github.com/kixelated/moq and then run scripts/moq-dev-setup.sh
+    # from this repo, pointing at the relay checkout. The script generates
+    # a self-signed cert, symlinks it into both repos, and prints the
+    # exact relay + bot run commands to copy.
+    #
+    #   git clone https://github.com/kixelated/moq.git ../moq
+    #   ./scripts/moq-dev-setup.sh ../moq
+    #
+    # Then in two terminals run the commands the script printed (relay
+    # binds QUIC on UDP [::]:4080 with --auth-public '').
+
+Usage:
+    # Run with MOQ transport (connects to local relay set up by the script):
+    uv run python examples/transports/transports-moq.py \\
+        -t moq --moq-cert moq-cert.pem --moq-insecure --moq-path /
+
+    # Connect to a remote relay (CA-signed cert, no pinning needed):
+    uv run python examples/transports/transports-moq.py \\
+        -t moq --moq-host moq.example.com
+
+    # With a custom namespace (different "room"):
+    uv run python examples/transports/transports-moq.py \\
+        -t moq --moq-cert moq-cert.pem --moq-insecure --moq-namespace my-room
+
+    # Then open the browser client at http://localhost:7860 and click Connect.
+
+    # Can also run with other transports (no relay needed):
+    uv run python examples/transports/transports-moq.py -t webrtc
+    uv run python examples/transports/transports-moq.py -t daily
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from loguru import logger
+
+from pipecat.audio.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
+from pipecat.frames.frames import LLMRunFrame
+from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
+from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
+from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_context import LLMContext
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response_universal import (
+    LLMContextAggregatorPair,
+    LLMUserAggregatorParams,
+)
+from pipecat.runner.types import MOQRunnerArguments, RunnerArguments
+from pipecat.runner.utils import create_transport
+from pipecat.services.cartesia.tts import CartesiaTTSService
+from pipecat.services.deepgram.stt import DeepgramSTTService
+from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService
+from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
+from pipecat.transports.daily.transport import DailyParams
+from pipecat.transports.moq import MOQParams
+from pipecat.transports.moq.protocol import MOQRole
+
+load_dotenv(override=True)
+
+# Transport-specific parameters using lambdas for deferred creation
+transport_params = {
+    "daily": lambda: DailyParams(
+        audio_in_enabled=True,
+        audio_out_enabled=True,
+    ),
+    "webrtc": lambda: TransportParams(
+        audio_in_enabled=True,
+        audio_out_enabled=True,
+    ),
+    "moq": lambda: MOQParams(
+        audio_in_enabled=True,
+        audio_out_enabled=True,
+        role=MOQRole.PUBSUB,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
+    """Run the bot with the given transport."""
+    logger.info("Starting bot")
+
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+
+    tts = CartesiaTTSService(
+        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        voice_id="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
+    )
+
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
+
+    messages = [
+        {
+            "role": "system",
+            "content": "You are a helpful assistant in a real-time voice call. "
+            "Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. "
+            "Your output will be spoken aloud, so avoid special characters that can't easily be "
+            "spoken, such as emojis or bullet points. Respond to what the user said in a creative "
+            "and helpful way.",
+        },
+    ]
+
+    context = LLMContext(messages)
+    user_aggregator, assistant_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(
+        context,
+        user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()),
+    )
+
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
+        [
+            transport.input(),  # Transport user input
+            stt,
+            user_aggregator,  # User responses
+            llm,  # LLM
+            tts,  # TTS
+            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+            assistant_aggregator,  # Assistant spoken responses
+        ]
+    )
+
+    task = PipelineTask(
+        pipeline,
+        params=PipelineParams(
+            enable_metrics=True,
+            enable_usage_metrics=True,
+        ),
+        idle_timeout_secs=runner_args.pipeline_idle_timeout_secs,
+    )
+
+    # For MOQ, we need to handle connection and events differently
+    if isinstance(runner_args, MOQRunnerArguments):
+        @transport.event_handler("on_connected")
+        async def on_connected(transport):
+            logger.info("Connected to MOQ relay (waiting for client to join)")
+            if runner_args.ready_event is not None:
+                runner_args.ready_event.set()
+
+        @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
+        async def on_client_connected(transport):
+            logger.info("Client subscribed — starting conversation")
+            messages.append(
+                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."}
+            )
+            await task.queue_frames([LLMRunFrame()])
+
+        @transport.event_handler("on_disconnected")
+        async def on_disconnected(transport):
+            logger.info("Disconnected from MOQ relay")
+            await task.cancel()
+
+        @transport.event_handler("on_error")
+        async def on_error(transport, message, exception):
+            logger.error(f"MOQ error: {message}")
+
+        # MOQInputTransport.start() auto-connects to the relay when the
+        # pipeline starts, so we don't dial transport.connect() here.
+        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
+
+        try:
+            await runner.run(task)
+        finally:
+            await transport.disconnect()
+    else:
+        # Daily and WebRTC use on_client_connected/on_client_disconnected
+        @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
+        async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
+            logger.info("Client connected")
+            messages.append(
+                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."}
+            )
+            await task.queue_frames([LLMRunFrame()])
+
+        @transport.event_handler("on_client_disconnected")
+        async def on_client_disconnected(transport, client):
+            logger.info("Client disconnected")
+            await task.cancel()
+
+        runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
+        await runner.run(task)
+
+
+async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
+    """Main bot entry point compatible with Pipecat runner."""
+    transport = await create_transport(runner_args, transport_params)
+    await run_bot(transport, runner_args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pipecat.runner.run import main
+
+    main()
--- a/moq_prebuilt/PLAN-moq-transport-package.md
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/PLAN-moq-transport-package.md
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# Plan: `@pipecat-ai/moq-transport`
+
+A future Pipecat Client SDK transport plugin for Media-over-QUIC. Lets any
+Pipecat JS UI — including the smallwebrtc playground — talk to a
+MOQ-backed bot with zero UI changes, just by swapping the transport.
+
+## Why this exists
+
+The Pipecat Client SDK (`@pipecat-ai/client-js`) is transport-agnostic. UIs
+talk to a `PipecatClient`, which delegates to a pluggable `Transport`. The
+existing transports are:
+
+- `@pipecat-ai/small-webrtc-transport` (WebRTC)
+- `@pipecat-ai/daily-transport` (Daily)
+- `@pipecat-ai/websocket-transport` (raw WebSocket / telephony)
+- `@pipecat-ai/gemini-live-websocket-transport`
+
+There is **no** `@pipecat-ai/moq-transport`. So MOQ bots today need a hand-
+rolled client (which is what `moq_prebuilt/client/` is). Publishing a
+proper transport plugin would:
+
+1. Replace `moq_prebuilt/client/` with the prebuilt smallwebrtc UI — same
+   conversation panel, metrics, device pickers, transcript overlay, etc.
+2. Let downstream Pipecat apps drop MOQ in as easily as WebRTC.
+3. Centralize the MOQ wire-protocol work in one package instead of every
+   demo reinventing it.
+
+## What we already have
+
+About 80% of the wire-protocol work is done in
+`moq_prebuilt/client/app.js` and `moq_prebuilt/client/moq-client.js`:
+
+- moq-lite-02 codec (CLIENT_SETUP, SERVER_SETUP, ANNOUNCE_PLEASE /
+  ANNOUNCE_INIT, SUBSCRIBE / SUBSCRIBE_OK, GROUP / FRAME).
+- WebTransport bring-up with certificate pinning.
+- Per-participant broadcast paths (`<namespace>/<participant_id>`) and
+  multi-track routing (`bot-audio`, `user-audio`, `transcript`).
+- Mic capture via AudioWorklet → 16 kHz PCM publish.
+- Bot-audio 24 kHz PCM playback via Web Audio.
+- RTVI message parsing on the transcript track (`bot-llm-*`,
+  `user-transcription`, etc.).
+
+The package's job is to **wrap that in the `Transport` interface** and
+emit the events `PipecatClient` expects.
+
+## Effort estimate
+
+### Usable v1 — 3–5 days
+
+For a single bot / single client dev setup that runs against the
+playground UI.
+
+| Day | Work |
+| --- | ---- |
+| 1 | TypeScript package skeleton (build, tsconfig, ESM/CJS exports, npm scripts). Port existing protocol logic into a class. |
+| 2 | Implement `Transport` interface: `connect()`, `disconnect()`, `sendMessage()`, `getDevices()`. Wire the RTVI message parsing on the transcript track into the event names `PipecatClient` expects (`connected`, `disconnected`, `trackStarted`, `userTranscript`, `botStartedSpeaking`, …). |
+| 3 | Device handling — mic picker, mute, sample-rate negotiation, AudioWorklet inlined as a string blob. |
+| 4 | Run against `ConsoleTemplate` from `@pipecat-ai/voice-ui-kit`. Fix lifecycle bugs (mid-call mute, reconnect, etc.). |
+| 5 | Docs, example app, README. |
+
+### Production-grade — ~2 weeks on top
+
+- Multi-participant discovery via outbound `ANNOUNCE_PLEASE` + reacting to
+  `ANNOUNCE_UPDATE` so multiple bots / multiple clients can share a namespace.
+- CA-signed cert path (not just self-signed `serverCertificateHashes`
+  pinning).
+- Reconnection / network-blip recovery.
+- Test suite (unit + at least one e2e against a real relay).
+- Cross-browser sanity (Chrome reference, Safari WebTransport just
+  shipped, Firefox still behind a flag).
+- npm publish workflow / CI.
+
+## Known unknowns (could blow the estimate)
+
+- **PipecatClient `Transport` surface area** — haven't done a full read of
+  `@pipecat-ai/client-js`. If the interface expects something MOQ can't
+  cleanly model (peer-connection introspection, ICE candidates, anything
+  WebRTC-specific that leaks into the abstraction), we need
+  workarounds/polyfills.
+- **Audio interop with the voice-ui-kit's audio visualizers** —
+  `<VoicePresence>`, level meters, etc. read from a `MediaStreamTrack`. MOQ
+  delivers raw PCM uni-streams, not a media-stream-track. We'd need to
+  synthesize a `MediaStreamTrack` from the decoded PCM so the rest of the
+  kit just works. Could be a half-day rabbit hole or could be quick — there
+  are off-the-shelf libraries (`AudioWorklet` + `MediaStreamDestination`) but
+  the integration details aren't trivial.
+
+## Suggested next step (cheap reconnaissance)
+
+Spend ~2 hours reading:
+- `@pipecat-ai/client-js/src/transport.ts` — the `Transport` abstract
+  interface.
+- `@pipecat-ai/small-webrtc-transport` — closest analogue, since both
+  open a session and stream media bidirectionally.
+- `@pipecat-ai/websocket-transport` — simpler reference; might be a closer
+  fit for MOQ since neither is WebRTC.
+
+Output: a concrete TypeScript API surface for `MoqTransport` (constructor
+options, method signatures, events emitted) + a sharper estimate. Two
+hours of investment to either commit to the project or pass on it
+informedly.
+
+## Open questions for whoever picks this up
+
+- One participant identity per `Transport` instance, or should the
+  transport manage multiple peers internally (matching how WebRTC SFUs do
+  it)?
+- How should `getDevices()` map to MOQ — pure browser device enumeration
+  (since there's no SDK-side device negotiation)?
+- Where does the per-call ID come from? Server-allocated via
+  `/start`, or client-generated UUID? (Today we hardcode `bot0` /
+  `client0`.)
+- Cert pinning UX — for prod, can we get away with assuming the relay has
+  a real CA cert, or do we need an explicit `serverCertificateHashes`
+  config knob?
--- a/moq_prebuilt/init.py
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/init.py
--- a/moq_prebuilt/client/app.js
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/client/app.js
@@ -0,0 +1,878 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+ */
+
+/**
+ * MOQ browser client — moq-lite-02.
+ *
+ * Connects to a moq-lite relay via WebTransport, captures microphone audio,
+ * and plays back received audio using stream-per-request model.
+ *
+ * Flow:
+ *   1. WebTransport connect
+ *   2. Open bidi stream for SETUP: write CLIENT_SETUP, read SERVER_SETUP
+ *   3. Listen for incoming bidi streams (relay sends SUBSCRIBE / ANNOUNCE)
+ *   4. Listen for incoming uni streams (receive bot audio as GROUP + FRAME)
+ *   5. Open bidi stream for SUBSCRIBE (to bot's audio track)
+ *   6. Send mic PCM as uni streams (GROUP + FRAME per chunk)
+ */
+
+const {
+  MOQL_VERSION,
+  Role,
+  StreamType,
+  CLIENT_SETUP_TYPE,
+  SERVER_SETUP_TYPE,
+  concat,
+  encodeClientSetup,
+  parseServerSetup,
+  encodeSubscribe,
+  encodeSubscribeOk,
+  decodeSubscribe,
+  encodeGroupAndFrame,
+  parseGroupStream,
+  encodeVarint,
+  decodeVarint,
+  encodeString,
+  decodeString,
+} = window.MOQ;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// State
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+let transport = null;
+let micStream = null;
+let audioContext = null;
+let micWorklet = null;
+let connected = false;
+
+// Subscription IDs
+let nextSubscribeId = 1;
+
+// Publishing state
+let pubSubscribeId = null; // set when relay subscribes to our audio
+let pubGroupSeq = 0;
+
+// Subscription state (for receiving bot audio and transcript)
+let subAudioSubscribeId = null;
+let subTranscriptSubscribeId = null;
+
+// Playback
+let playbackTime = 0;
+
+// Config (populated from /api/config)
+let config = {};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UI helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function setStatus(text, className) {
+  const el = document.getElementById("status");
+  el.textContent = text;
+  el.className = "status " + (className || "");
+}
+
+function log(msg, level = "info") {
+  if (level === "error") {
+    console.error("[moq]", msg);
+  } else if (level === "warn") {
+    console.warn("[moq]", msg);
+  } else {
+    console.log("[moq]", msg);
+  }
+  const el = document.getElementById("log");
+  const line = document.createElement("div");
+  line.textContent = `[${new Date().toLocaleTimeString()}] ${msg}`;
+  if (level === "error") line.style.color = "#e74c3c";
+  else if (level === "warn") line.style.color = "#f39c12";
+  el.appendChild(line);
+  el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+}
+
+function hexdump(data, maxBytes = 40) {
+  const bytes = data instanceof Uint8Array ? data : new Uint8Array(data);
+  const hex = Array.from(bytes.slice(0, maxBytes)).map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join(' ');
+  return bytes.length > maxBytes ? `${hex}... (${bytes.length} bytes total)` : `${hex} (${bytes.length} bytes)`;
+}
+
+// Turn-based transcript: each in-progress LLM/user turn is one row whose
+// text accumulates as per-token RTVI messages arrive. Mirrors the
+// ConversationProvider model in @pipecat-ai/voice-ui-kit.
+//
+// A user "turn" runs from the first user-transcription until the bot
+// starts speaking — Deepgram can emit several final transcripts inside
+// one spoken utterance, and we want all of them in the same bubble.
+const turnState = {
+  assistantRow: null,        // DOM <div> for the in-progress assistant turn
+  assistantText: "",         // accumulated text for the in-progress turn
+  userRow: null,             // DOM <div> for the in-progress user turn
+  userCommitted: "",         // accumulated final user text within the turn
+  userInterim: "",           // latest non-final user text (tentative tail)
+};
+
+function newTranscriptRow(role) {
+  const el = document.getElementById("transcript");
+  if (!el) return null;
+  const row = document.createElement("div");
+  const isUser = role === "user";
+  row.className = `transcript-row transcript-${isUser ? "user" : "assistant"}`;
+  const label = document.createElement("span");
+  label.className = "transcript-role";
+  label.textContent = isUser ? "user" : "assistant";
+  const body = document.createElement("span");
+  body.className = "transcript-text";
+  row.appendChild(label);
+  row.appendChild(body);
+  el.appendChild(row);
+  el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+  return row;
+}
+
+function setRowText(row, text) {
+  if (!row) return;
+  const body = row.querySelector(".transcript-text");
+  if (body) body.textContent = text;
+  const el = document.getElementById("transcript");
+  if (el) el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
+}
+
+function clearTranscript() {
+  const el = document.getElementById("transcript");
+  if (el) el.innerHTML = "";
+  turnState.assistantRow = null;
+  turnState.assistantText = "";
+  turnState.userRow = null;
+  turnState.userCommitted = "";
+  turnState.userInterim = "";
+}
+
+// Concatenate streaming tokens with a sensible separator. Some LLM tokens
+// already include leading whitespace (e.g. " world"); avoid double spaces.
+function appendStreamingText(prev, chunk) {
+  if (!prev) return chunk;
+  if (!chunk) return prev;
+  const needsSpace = !prev.endsWith(" ") && !/^[\s.,!?;:'")\]]/.test(chunk);
+  return prev + (needsSpace ? " " : "") + chunk;
+}
+
+// RTVI message dispatcher. Matches the ConversationProvider semantics from
+// @pipecat-ai/voice-ui-kit: per-LLM-turn aggregation for the bot, upsert
+// for user transcripts.
+function handleRtviMessage(msg) {
+  if (!msg || typeof msg !== "object") return;
+  const type = msg.type;
+  const data = msg.data || {};
+
+  switch (type) {
+    case "bot-llm-started":
+      // Don't create the row yet — wait for the first bot-llm-text so we
+      // don't show an empty "assistant" label if no text follows.
+      turnState.assistantRow = null;
+      turnState.assistantText = "";
+      // Bot is responding: the user's turn just ended. The next
+      // user-transcription should start a fresh row.
+      turnState.userRow = null;
+      turnState.userCommitted = "";
+      turnState.userInterim = "";
+      break;
+
+    case "bot-llm-text":
+      if (!data.text) break;
+      if (!turnState.assistantRow) {
+        // Lazy: covers both the post-started case and pipelines that emit
+        // bot-llm-text without a preceding bot-llm-started.
+        turnState.assistantRow = newTranscriptRow("assistant");
+      }
+      turnState.assistantText = appendStreamingText(turnState.assistantText, data.text);
+      setRowText(turnState.assistantRow, turnState.assistantText);
+      break;
+
+    case "bot-llm-stopped":
+      turnState.assistantRow = null;
+      turnState.assistantText = "";
+      break;
+
+    case "user-transcription": {
+      const text = data.text || "";
+      const final = data.final !== false;
+      if (!turnState.userRow) {
+        turnState.userRow = newTranscriptRow("user");
+        turnState.userCommitted = "";
+        turnState.userInterim = "";
+      }
+      if (final) {
+        turnState.userCommitted = turnState.userCommitted
+          ? appendStreamingText(turnState.userCommitted, text)
+          : text;
+        turnState.userInterim = "";
+        setRowText(turnState.userRow, turnState.userCommitted);
+      } else {
+        turnState.userInterim = text;
+        const combined = turnState.userCommitted
+          ? appendStreamingText(turnState.userCommitted, text)
+          : text;
+        setRowText(turnState.userRow, combined);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      // Ignore other RTVI messages (metrics, speech start/stop, bot-output,
+      // bot-tts-*, function calls, etc.). Uncomment to discover what's
+      // flowing on the transcript track.
+      // log(`RTVI: ${type}`);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Audio playback — queue received 16-bit PCM into Web Audio
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function initAudioPlayback() {
+  if (audioContext) return;
+  audioContext = new AudioContext({ sampleRate: 24000 });
+  playbackTime = audioContext.currentTime;
+}
+
+function playPcmChunk(pcmBytes) {
+  if (!audioContext) return;
+
+  // pcmBytes is 16-bit signed LE PCM — copy to aligned buffer to avoid offset issues
+  const aligned = new ArrayBuffer(pcmBytes.byteLength);
+  new Uint8Array(aligned).set(pcmBytes);
+  const samples = new Int16Array(aligned);
+  const floats = new Float32Array(samples.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < samples.length; i++) {
+    floats[i] = samples[i] / 32768;
+  }
+
+  const buffer = audioContext.createBuffer(1, floats.length, 24000);
+  buffer.getChannelData(0).set(floats);
+
+  const source = audioContext.createBufferSource();
+  source.buffer = buffer;
+  source.connect(audioContext.destination);
+
+  const now = audioContext.currentTime;
+  if (playbackTime < now) playbackTime = now;
+  source.start(playbackTime);
+  playbackTime += buffer.duration;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Microphone capture — 16kHz 16-bit PCM via AudioWorklet
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const WORKLET_CODE = `
+class PcmCapture extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
+  process(inputs) {
+    const input = inputs[0];
+    if (input.length > 0) {
+      const floats = input[0];
+      const pcm = new Int16Array(floats.length);
+      for (let i = 0; i < floats.length; i++) {
+        pcm[i] = Math.max(-32768, Math.min(32767, Math.round(floats[i] * 32768)));
+      }
+      this.port.postMessage(pcm.buffer, [pcm.buffer]);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+registerProcessor('pcm-capture', PcmCapture);
+`;
+
+async function startMic() {
+  micStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
+    audio: { sampleRate: 16000, channelCount: 1, echoCancellation: true },
+  });
+
+  const ctx = new AudioContext({ sampleRate: 16000 });
+  const blob = new Blob([WORKLET_CODE], { type: "application/javascript" });
+  const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+  await ctx.audioWorklet.addModule(url);
+  URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+
+  const source = ctx.createMediaStreamSource(micStream);
+  micWorklet = new AudioWorkletNode(ctx, "pcm-capture");
+  micWorklet.port.onmessage = (e) => {
+    if (connected && transport && pubSubscribeId !== null) {
+      sendAudioUniStream(new Uint8Array(e.data));
+    }
+  };
+  source.connect(micWorklet);
+  micWorklet.connect(ctx.destination);
+
+  log("Microphone started (16kHz PCM)");
+}
+
+function stopMic() {
+  if (micStream) {
+    micStream.getTracks().forEach((t) => t.stop());
+    micStream = null;
+  }
+  if (micWorklet) {
+    micWorklet.disconnect();
+    micWorklet = null;
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Uni stream send (publish audio)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+let audioSendCount = 0;
+let audioSendErrors = 0;
+
+async function sendAudioUniStream(pcmBytes) {
+  if (!transport || pubSubscribeId === null) return;
+
+  try {
+    const groupSeq = pubGroupSeq++;
+    const data = encodeGroupAndFrame(pubSubscribeId, groupSeq, pcmBytes);
+
+    const uni = await transport.createUnidirectionalStream();
+    const writer = uni.getWriter();
+    await writer.write(data);
+    await writer.close();
+
+    audioSendCount++;
+    if (audioSendCount % 100 === 0) {
+      log(`Audio TX: ${audioSendCount} chunks sent (${pcmBytes.byteLength} bytes/chunk, sub=${pubSubscribeId}, seq=${groupSeq})`);
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    audioSendErrors++;
+    if (audioSendErrors <= 5) {
+      log(`Audio send error #${audioSendErrors}: ${e.message} (sub=${pubSubscribeId}, seq=${pubGroupSeq})`, "warn");
+    } else if (audioSendErrors === 6) {
+      log("Suppressing further audio send errors...", "warn");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Uni stream receive (receive bot audio)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+let audioRecvCount = 0;
+
+async function receiveUniStreams() {
+  log("Uni stream listener started (waiting for bot audio)");
+  const reader = transport.incomingUnidirectionalStreams.getReader();
+  try {
+    while (true) {
+      const { value: stream, done } = await reader.read();
+      if (done) {
+        log("Uni stream reader finished (relay closed incoming streams)");
+        break;
+      }
+      handleIncomingUniStream(stream);
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (connected) log(`Uni stream reader stopped: ${e.message}`, "warn");
+  }
+}
+
+async function handleIncomingUniStream(stream) {
+  try {
+    // Read all data from the stream
+    const reader = stream.getReader();
+    let buf = new Uint8Array(0);
+    while (true) {
+      const { value, done } = await reader.read();
+      if (done) break;
+      buf = concat(buf, new Uint8Array(value));
+    }
+
+    if (buf.length === 0) return;
+
+    // Parse GROUP + FRAMEs
+    const { subscribeId, groupSeq, frames } = parseGroupStream(buf);
+
+    if (subscribeId === subTranscriptSubscribeId) {
+      for (const frame of frames) {
+        if (!frame.byteLength) continue;
+        try {
+          const text = new TextDecoder().decode(frame);
+          handleRtviMessage(JSON.parse(text));
+        } catch (err) {
+          log(`Transcript frame decode error: ${err.message}`, "warn");
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    audioRecvCount++;
+
+    if (audioRecvCount <= 3 || audioRecvCount % 100 === 0) {
+      const totalBytes = frames.reduce((sum, f) => sum + f.byteLength, 0);
+      log(`Audio RX #${audioRecvCount}: sub=${subscribeId} seq=${groupSeq} frames=${frames.length} bytes=${totalBytes}`);
+    }
+
+    for (const frame of frames) {
+      if (frame.byteLength > 0) {
+        playPcmChunk(frame);
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    log(`Uni stream parse error: ${e.message} (buffer may be malformed)`, "warn");
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Incoming bidi stream handler (relay sends SUBSCRIBE / ANNOUNCE)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+let incomingBidiCount = 0;
+
+async function handleIncomingBidiStreams() {
+  log("Bidi stream listener started (waiting for relay SUBSCRIBE/ANNOUNCE)");
+  const reader = transport.incomingBidirectionalStreams.getReader();
+  try {
+    while (true) {
+      const { value: stream, done } = await reader.read();
+      if (done) {
+        log("Incoming bidi stream reader finished (relay closed)");
+        break;
+      }
+      incomingBidiCount++;
+      log(`Incoming bidi stream #${incomingBidiCount}`);
+      handleIncomingBidiStream(stream);
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    if (connected) log(`Bidi stream reader stopped: ${e.message}`, "warn");
+  }
+}
+
+async function handleIncomingBidiStream(stream) {
+  try {
+    const streamReader = stream.readable.getReader();
+    let buf = new Uint8Array(0);
+
+    // Read all available data (relay sends stream type + message body)
+    while (true) {
+      const { value, done } = await streamReader.read();
+      if (value) buf = concat(buf, new Uint8Array(value));
+      // Break once we have data or stream ends
+      if (done || buf.length > 0) break;
+    }
+
+    if (buf.length === 0) {
+      log("Incoming bidi stream was empty (0 bytes)", "warn");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    log(`Incoming bidi data: [${hexdump(buf, 30)}]`);
+
+    // Decode stream type
+    const [streamType, offset] = decodeVarint(buf, 0);
+    const streamTypeName = streamType === StreamType.SUBSCRIBE ? "SUBSCRIBE"
+      : streamType === StreamType.ANNOUNCE ? "ANNOUNCE"
+      : streamType === StreamType.SESSION ? "SESSION"
+      : `UNKNOWN(${streamType})`;
+    log(`Incoming bidi stream type: ${streamTypeName} (${streamType})`);
+
+    if (streamType === StreamType.SUBSCRIBE) {
+      // We may need more data for the full subscribe message
+      while (buf.length < offset + 3) {
+        const { value, done } = await streamReader.read();
+        if (value) buf = concat(buf, new Uint8Array(value));
+        if (done) break;
+      }
+
+      // Relay is subscribing to our track
+      const sub = decodeSubscribe(buf, offset);
+      log(`SUBSCRIBE from relay: broadcast="${sub.broadcastPath}" track="${sub.trackName}" sub_id=${sub.subscribeId} priority=${sub.priority}`);
+
+      // Accept SUBSCRIBE only for our publish track inside our own
+      // broadcast. With per-participant broadcast paths, the relay only
+      // routes SUBSCRIBEs targeting <namespace>/<client_id> to us, so a
+      // mismatch here means something is misconfigured.
+      const ourBroadcast = `${config.namespace}/${config.client_id}`;
+      if (sub.broadcastPath !== ourBroadcast || sub.trackName !== config.publish_track) {
+        log(`Rejecting SUBSCRIBE for "${sub.broadcastPath}/${sub.trackName}" (we only publish "${ourBroadcast}/${config.publish_track}")`, "warn");
+        stream.writable.abort();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Store subscribe_id for publishing
+      pubSubscribeId = sub.subscribeId;
+
+      // Send SUBSCRIBE_OK on the writable side
+      const writer = stream.writable.getWriter();
+      await writer.write(encodeSubscribeOk());
+      writer.releaseLock();
+
+      log(`Sent SUBSCRIBE_OK for sub_id=${sub.subscribeId} — ready to publish ${config.publish_track}`);
+
+    } else if (streamType === StreamType.ANNOUNCE) {
+      // Relay sending ANNOUNCE_PLEASE — read the full message
+      // Minimum is 2 bytes after stream type: varint(body_len) + varint(string_len)
+      while (buf.length < offset + 2) {
+        const { value, done } = await streamReader.read();
+        if (value) buf = concat(buf, new Uint8Array(value));
+        if (done) break;
+      }
+
+      // Parse ANNOUNCE_PLEASE: varint(body_len) + string(path_prefix)
+      let pos = offset;
+      let bodyLen;
+      [bodyLen, pos] = decodeVarint(buf, pos);
+      let pathPrefix = "";
+      if (bodyLen > 0) {
+        [pathPrefix, pos] = decodeString(buf, pos);
+      }
+      log(`ANNOUNCE_PLEASE from relay: prefix="${pathPrefix}" bodyLen=${bodyLen}`);
+
+      // Respond with ANNOUNCE_INIT for our per-participant broadcast path.
+      // Each participant uses a distinct suffix (e.g. "pipecat/client0")
+      // so the relay can route SUBSCRIBEs to the right side.
+      const broadcast = `${config.namespace}/${config.client_id}`;
+      let suffix = broadcast;
+      if (pathPrefix) {
+        if (broadcast.startsWith(pathPrefix)) {
+          suffix = broadcast.slice(pathPrefix.length).replace(/^\//, "");
+        } else {
+          suffix = null;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const writer = stream.writable.getWriter();
+      if (suffix !== null) {
+        let body = encodeVarint(1); // 1 suffix
+        body = concat(body, encodeString(suffix));
+        const initMsg = concat(encodeVarint(body.length), body);
+        await writer.write(initMsg);
+        log(`Sent ANNOUNCE_INIT: 1 suffix="${suffix}" [${hexdump(initMsg)}]`);
+      } else {
+        const initMsg = concat(encodeVarint(1), encodeVarint(0));
+        await writer.write(initMsg);
+        log(`Sent ANNOUNCE_INIT: 0 suffixes (our broadcast doesn't match prefix "${pathPrefix}")`);
+      }
+      writer.releaseLock();
+
+    } else {
+      log(`Unknown bidi stream type ${streamType}, raw: [${hexdump(buf)}]`, "warn");
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    log(`Incoming bidi stream error: ${e.message}`, "error");
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Connect flow
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+async function doConnect() {
+  const t0 = performance.now();
+  clearTranscript();
+  try {
+    // 1. Fetch config from the FastAPI server
+    log("Fetching /api/config...");
+    const resp = await fetch("/api/config");
+    config = await resp.json();
+    log(`Config: relay=${config.relay_host}:${config.relay_port}, path="${config.path}", ns="${config.namespace}", client_id="${config.client_id}", bot_id="${config.bot_id}", publish="${config.publish_track}", subscribe="${config.subscribe_track}", insecure=${config.insecure}, cert_hash=${config.cert_hash ? config.cert_hash.slice(0, 12) + "..." : "none"}`);
+
+    // 1b. Ask the server to start the bot. It blocks until the bot has
+    //     finished its MOQ handshake with the relay, so our SUBSCRIBE is
+    //     guaranteed to land at a publisher the relay already knows.
+    log("Starting bot via /start...");
+    const startResp = await fetch("/start", {
+      method: "POST",
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ namespace: config.namespace }),
+    });
+    if (!startResp.ok) {
+      throw new Error(`/start returned HTTP ${startResp.status}`);
+    }
+    const startInfo = await startResp.json();
+    log(`Bot started: session=${startInfo.sessionId}, relay=${startInfo.relay}`);
+
+    // 2. Build relay URL
+    const scheme = "https";
+    const host = config.relay_host;
+    const relayUrl = `${scheme}://${host}:${config.relay_port}${config.path || "/moq"}`;
+    log(`Connecting to ${relayUrl}`);
+    setStatus("Connecting...", "connecting");
+
+    // 3. Open WebTransport (connects via HTTP/3 over QUIC to the relay)
+    const options = {};
+    if (config.cert_hash) {
+      const hashBytes = Uint8Array.from(atob(config.cert_hash), c => c.charCodeAt(0));
+      options.serverCertificateHashes = [
+        { algorithm: "sha-256", value: hashBytes.buffer },
+      ];
+      log(`Using certificate pinning: sha256=${config.cert_hash.slice(0, 16)}...`);
+    } else {
+      log("No certificate pinning (no cert_hash in config)", "warn");
+    }
+    log(`WebTransport options: ${JSON.stringify({...options, serverCertificateHashes: options.serverCertificateHashes ? "[present]" : undefined})}`);
+
+    transport = new WebTransport(relayUrl, options);
+
+    // Monitor connection closure — extract QUIC error details
+    transport.closed.then(info => {
+      const elapsed = (performance.now() - t0).toFixed(0);
+      log(`Transport closed cleanly after ${elapsed}ms: closeCode=${info?.closeCode} reason="${info?.reason || ""}"`);
+    }).catch(err => {
+      const elapsed = (performance.now() - t0).toFixed(0);
+      // WebTransportCloseInfo may have closeCode and reason
+      const code = err?.closeCode ?? err?.code ?? "?";
+      const reason = err?.reason ?? err?.message ?? String(err);
+      log(`Transport closed with error after ${elapsed}ms: code=${code} reason="${reason}"`, "error");
+      log(`  Error type: ${err?.constructor?.name}, keys: ${Object.keys(err || {}).join(",")}`, "error");
+    });
+
+    // Wait for the QUIC + HTTP/3 handshake
+    const readyStart = performance.now();
+    try {
+      await transport.ready;
+    } catch (readyErr) {
+      const readyMs = (performance.now() - readyStart).toFixed(0);
+      // Get the real error from transport.closed
+      let closedErr = null;
+      try { await transport.closed; } catch (e) { closedErr = e; }
+      const detail = closedErr?.message || closedErr?.reason || String(closedErr || "");
+      const code = closedErr?.closeCode ?? closedErr?.code ?? "?";
+      log(`WebTransport handshake FAILED after ${readyMs}ms`, "error");
+      log(`  ready error: ${readyErr.message}`, "error");
+      log(`  closed error: code=${code} detail="${detail}"`, "error");
+      log(`  URL: ${relayUrl}`, "error");
+      log(`  Cert pinning: ${config.cert_hash ? "yes" : "no"}`, "error");
+      log(`Troubleshooting:`, "error");
+      log(`  - Is the relay running at ${host}:${config.relay_port}?`, "error");
+      log(`  - Does relay config have [web.http] listen = "[::]:${config.relay_port}"?`, "error");
+      log(`  - If using tls.generate in relay config, cert hash will change every restart`, "error");
+      log(`  - Try 127.0.0.1 instead of localhost (QUIC/UDP has no IPv6->IPv4 fallback)`, "error");
+      throw readyErr;
+    }
+    const readyMs = (performance.now() - readyStart).toFixed(0);
+    log(`WebTransport connected (handshake took ${readyMs}ms)`);
+
+    // 4. Open bidi stream for SETUP handshake
+    log("Opening bidi stream for CLIENT_SETUP...");
+    let setupBidi;
+    try {
+      setupBidi = await transport.createBidirectionalStream();
+      log("Bidi stream created for SETUP");
+    } catch (e) {
+      // This is the "Connection lost" case — get more details
+      let closedErr = null;
+      try { await transport.closed; } catch (ce) { closedErr = ce; }
+      const code = closedErr?.closeCode ?? closedErr?.code ?? "?";
+      const reason = closedErr?.reason ?? closedErr?.message ?? "";
+      log(`Failed to create bidi stream: ${e.message}`, "error");
+      log(`  Underlying close: code=${code} reason="${reason}"`, "error");
+      log(`  This usually means the relay rejected the WebTransport session.`, "error");
+      log(`  Check the relay terminal for error logs (auth failure, path mismatch, etc.)`, "error");
+      log(`  Relay URL path was: "${config.path || "/moq"}" — does the relay expect this path?`, "error");
+      throw e;
+    }
+    const setupWriter = setupBidi.writable.getWriter();
+    const setupStreamReader = setupBidi.readable.getReader();
+
+    // Write stream type varint(0x20) + CLIENT_SETUP (u16 body size for WebTransport)
+    const setupMsg = encodeClientSetup(Role.PUBSUB, [MOQL_VERSION], config.path || "/moq");
+    const fullSetup = concat(encodeVarint(CLIENT_SETUP_TYPE), setupMsg);
+    log(`Sending CLIENT_SETUP: role=PUBSUB version=0x${MOQL_VERSION.toString(16)} path="${config.path || "/moq"}" [${hexdump(fullSetup)}]`);
+    try {
+      await setupWriter.write(fullSetup);
+      log("CLIENT_SETUP sent, waiting for SERVER_SETUP...");
+    } catch (e) {
+      log(`Failed to write CLIENT_SETUP: ${e.message}`, "error");
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    // 5. Read SERVER_SETUP response
+    const setupTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      log("SERVER_SETUP not received after 5s — relay may not understand our protocol", "warn");
+    }, 5000);
+    const { value: setupResp, done: setupDone } = await setupStreamReader.read();
+    clearTimeout(setupTimeout);
+
+    if (setupDone && !setupResp) {
+      log("Setup stream closed by relay without sending SERVER_SETUP", "error");
+      log("  The relay may not support moq-lite-02 (0xff0dad02)", "error");
+      throw new Error("No SERVER_SETUP received");
+    }
+
+    if (setupResp) {
+      const respData = new Uint8Array(setupResp);
+      log(`Received SERVER_SETUP raw: [${hexdump(respData)}]`);
+      // Skip stream type varint (0x21) if present
+      let offset = 0;
+      if (respData[0] === SERVER_SETUP_TYPE) {
+        offset = 1;
+      } else {
+        const [st, newOff] = decodeVarint(respData, 0);
+        if (st === SERVER_SETUP_TYPE) offset = newOff;
+      }
+      const { version } = parseServerSetup(respData.subarray(offset));
+      const versionName = version === 0xff0dad02 ? "moq-lite-02" : `unknown (0x${version.toString(16)})`;
+      log(`SERVER_SETUP: relay version=${versionName} (0x${version.toString(16)}), client version=moq-lite-02 (0x${MOQL_VERSION.toString(16)})`);
+      if (version !== MOQL_VERSION) {
+        log(`PROTOCOL MISMATCH! Browser speaks moq-lite-02 but relay speaks ${versionName}. Things will likely break.`, "error");
+      }
+    }
+    // Keep setup stream open — don't close it
+    setupWriter.releaseLock();
+
+    connected = true;
+    const totalMs = (performance.now() - t0).toFixed(0);
+    setStatus("Connected", "connected");
+    log(`Connected to relay (total setup took ${totalMs}ms)`);
+
+    // 6. Start listening for incoming streams FIRST
+    //    (relay may send ANNOUNCE_PLEASE and SUBSCRIBE before we subscribe)
+    log("Listening for incoming bidi + uni streams...");
+    handleIncomingBidiStreams();
+    receiveUniStreams();
+
+    // 7. Init audio playback (needs user gesture — we're inside a click handler)
+    initAudioPlayback();
+    log("Audio playback initialized (24kHz)");
+
+    // 8. Start mic (so we're ready to publish when relay subscribes)
+    await startMic();
+
+    // 9. Subscribe to bot's audio + transcript tracks (non-fatal if bot
+    //    isn't connected yet)
+    await subscribeToAudio();
+    subscribeToTranscript();
+
+  } catch (e) {
+    const elapsed = (performance.now() - t0).toFixed(0);
+    log(`Connection failed after ${elapsed}ms: ${e.message}`, "error");
+    if (e.stack) log(`  Stack: ${e.stack.split("\n").slice(1, 3).join(" | ")}`, "error");
+    if (e.stack) log(`  Stack: ${e.stack}`);
+    setStatus("Error: " + e.message, "error");
+  }
+}
+
+async function subscribeToAudio(retryCount = 0) {
+  const botBroadcast = `${config.namespace}/${config.bot_id}`;
+  const botTrack = config.subscribe_track;
+  const fullPath = `${botBroadcast}/${botTrack}`;
+  const maxRetries = 10;
+  const retryDelay = 2000; // 2 seconds between retries
+
+  subAudioSubscribeId = nextSubscribeId++;
+
+  try {
+    // Open a new bidi stream for SUBSCRIBE
+    log(`Subscribing to ${fullPath} (sub_id=${subAudioSubscribeId}, attempt ${retryCount + 1}/${maxRetries + 1})`);
+    const subBidi = await transport.createBidirectionalStream();
+    const subWriter = subBidi.writable.getWriter();
+    const subReader = subBidi.readable.getReader();
+
+    const subMsg = encodeSubscribe(subAudioSubscribeId, botBroadcast, botTrack);
+    log(`Sending SUBSCRIBE: [${hexdump(subMsg)}]`);
+    await subWriter.write(subMsg);
+
+    // Read SUBSCRIBE_OK (or handle RESET_STREAM gracefully)
+    log("Waiting for SUBSCRIBE_OK from relay...");
+    const { value: okResp, done } = await subReader.read();
+    if (okResp) {
+      const okData = new Uint8Array(okResp);
+      log(`Received SUBSCRIBE_OK for ${fullPath}: [${hexdump(okData)}]`);
+      return; // Success
+    } else if (done) {
+      log(`SUBSCRIBE stream closed by relay without response (track "${fullPath}" may not exist — bot not connected yet?)`, "warn");
+    }
+
+    subWriter.releaseLock();
+  } catch (e) {
+    // RESET_STREAM means the track doesn't exist yet — not fatal
+    log(`Subscribe to ${fullPath} failed: ${e.message}`, "warn");
+    log(`  (This is normal if the bot hasn't connected to the relay yet)`, "warn");
+  }
+
+  // Retry if bot isn't connected yet
+  if (connected && retryCount < maxRetries) {
+    log(`Will retry subscribe in ${retryDelay / 1000}s (attempt ${retryCount + 1}/${maxRetries})...`);
+    setTimeout(() => subscribeToAudio(retryCount + 1), retryDelay);
+  } else if (retryCount >= maxRetries) {
+    log(`Gave up subscribing to ${fullPath} after ${maxRetries} attempts`, "error");
+  }
+}
+
+async function subscribeToTranscript() {
+  const trackName = config.transcript_track || "transcript";
+  const botBroadcast = `${config.namespace}/${config.bot_id}`;
+  const fullPath = `${botBroadcast}/${trackName}`;
+  subTranscriptSubscribeId = nextSubscribeId++;
+  try {
+    log(`Subscribing to ${fullPath} (sub_id=${subTranscriptSubscribeId})`);
+    const subBidi = await transport.createBidirectionalStream();
+    const subWriter = subBidi.writable.getWriter();
+    const subReader = subBidi.readable.getReader();
+    const subMsg = encodeSubscribe(subTranscriptSubscribeId, botBroadcast, trackName);
+    await subWriter.write(subMsg);
+    subWriter.releaseLock();
+    // Keep the reader open so the relay can stream SUBSCRIBE_OK / errors.
+    subReader.read().then(({ value, done }) => {
+      if (value && value.byteLength) {
+        log(`Transcript SUBSCRIBE_OK: [${hexdump(new Uint8Array(value))}]`);
+      } else if (done) {
+        log(`Transcript subscribe stream closed by relay (track may not exist)`, "warn");
+      }
+    }).catch(() => {});
+  } catch (e) {
+    log(`Subscribe to ${fullPath} failed: ${e.message}`, "warn");
+  }
+}
+
+async function doDisconnect() {
+  log(`Disconnecting... (sent=${audioSendCount} chunks, received=${audioRecvCount} chunks, errors=${audioSendErrors})`);
+  connected = false;
+  stopMic();
+
+  if (transport) {
+    try {
+      transport.close();
+      log("WebTransport closed");
+    } catch (e) {
+      log(`Error closing transport: ${e.message}`, "warn");
+    }
+    transport = null;
+  }
+
+  pubSubscribeId = null;
+  pubGroupSeq = 0;
+  subAudioSubscribeId = null;
+  subTranscriptSubscribeId = null;
+  nextSubscribeId = 1;
+  audioSendCount = 0;
+  audioSendErrors = 0;
+  audioRecvCount = 0;
+  incomingBidiCount = 0;
+
+  if (audioContext) {
+    audioContext.close();
+    audioContext = null;
+  }
+
+  setStatus("Disconnected", "disconnected");
+  log("Disconnected");
+
+  document.getElementById("connectBtn").disabled = false;
+  document.getElementById("disconnectBtn").disabled = true;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Button handlers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+document.getElementById("connectBtn").addEventListener("click", async () => {
+  document.getElementById("connectBtn").disabled = true;
+  document.getElementById("disconnectBtn").disabled = false;
+  await doConnect();
+});
+
+document.getElementById("disconnectBtn").addEventListener("click", async () => {
+  await doDisconnect();
+});
--- a/moq_prebuilt/client/index.html
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/client/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+  <title>Pipecat MOQ Client</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div class="container">
+    <h1>Pipecat MOQ Client</h1>
+
+    <div class="card">
+      <h3>Connection</h3>
+      <div id="status" class="status disconnected">Disconnected</div>
+      <div class="controls">
+        <button id="connectBtn">Connect</button>
+        <button id="disconnectBtn" disabled>Disconnect</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="card transcript-card">
+      <h3>Transcript</h3>
+      <div id="transcript" class="transcript"></div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="card log-card">
+      <h3>Log</h3>
+      <div id="log" class="log"></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <script src="moq-client.js"></script>
+  <script src="app.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/moq_prebuilt/client/moq-client.js
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/client/moq-client.js
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+ */
+
+/**
+ * MOQ (Media over QUIC) protocol client — moq-lite-02.
+ *
+ * Implements varint codec, message encode/decode for moq-lite-02 protocol
+ * so the browser can talk to a moq-lite relay over WebTransport.
+ *
+ * Key differences from draft-07:
+ *  - Stream-per-request model (no shared control stream)
+ *  - Setup uses u8(0x20/0x21) framing; via WebTransport uses u16 body size
+ *  - SUBSCRIBE/ANNOUNCE each get their own bidi stream
+ *  - Media data flows on uni streams as GROUP + FRAME
+ *  - No QUIC datagrams
+ */
+(function () {
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Constants
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const MOQL_VERSION = 0xff0dad02; // moq-lite-02
+
+const Role = Object.freeze({
+  PUBLISHER: 0x01,
+  SUBSCRIBER: 0x02,
+  PUBSUB: 0x03,
+});
+
+// Stream type varints (first thing written on a new bidi stream)
+const StreamType = Object.freeze({
+  SESSION: 0,
+  ANNOUNCE: 1,
+  SUBSCRIBE: 2,
+});
+
+// Setup message type bytes
+const CLIENT_SETUP_TYPE = 0x20;
+const SERVER_SETUP_TYPE = 0x21;
+
+// Uni stream type
+const UNI_STREAM_TYPE_GROUP = 0;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// QUIC variable-length integer codec
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function encodeVarint(value) {
+  if (value < 0x40) {
+    return new Uint8Array([value]);
+  } else if (value < 0x4000) {
+    const buf = new Uint8Array(2);
+    new DataView(buf.buffer).setUint16(0, value | 0x4000);
+    return buf;
+  } else if (value < 0x40000000) {
+    const buf = new Uint8Array(4);
+    new DataView(buf.buffer).setUint32(0, (value | 0x80000000) >>> 0);
+    return buf;
+  } else {
+    const buf = new Uint8Array(8);
+    const dv = new DataView(buf.buffer);
+    const hi = Math.floor(value / 0x100000000) | 0xc0000000;
+    const lo = value >>> 0;
+    dv.setUint32(0, hi >>> 0);
+    dv.setUint32(4, lo);
+    return buf;
+  }
+}
+
+function decodeVarint(data, offset) {
+  const dv = new DataView(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength);
+  const first = data[offset];
+  const lengthBits = first >> 6;
+
+  if (lengthBits === 0) {
+    return [first, offset + 1];
+  } else if (lengthBits === 1) {
+    return [dv.getUint16(offset) & 0x3fff, offset + 2];
+  } else if (lengthBits === 2) {
+    return [dv.getUint32(offset) & 0x3fffffff, offset + 4];
+  } else {
+    const hi = dv.getUint32(offset) & 0x3fffffff;
+    const lo = dv.getUint32(offset + 4);
+    return [hi * 0x100000000 + lo, offset + 8];
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// String helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+
+function encodeString(str) {
+  const bytes = encoder.encode(str);
+  return concat(encodeVarint(bytes.length), bytes);
+}
+
+function decodeString(data, offset) {
+  const [len, off] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+  const str = decoder.decode(data.subarray(off, off + len));
+  return [str, off + len];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Buffer helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function concat(...arrays) {
+  let total = 0;
+  for (const a of arrays) total += a.byteLength;
+  const result = new Uint8Array(total);
+  let pos = 0;
+  for (const a of arrays) {
+    result.set(a instanceof Uint8Array ? a : new Uint8Array(a), pos);
+    pos += a.byteLength;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Setup messages (WebTransport uses u16 body size prefix)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Encode CLIENT_SETUP for WebTransport (browser).
+ *
+ * WebTransport framing: varint(0x20) as stream type, then u16(body_len) + body
+ * on a dedicated bidi stream.
+ */
+function encodeClientSetup(role, versions, path) {
+  let body = encodeVarint(versions.length);
+  for (const v of versions) {
+    body = concat(body, encodeVarint(v));
+  }
+
+  // Parameters
+  let numParams = 1; // role
+  if (path) numParams += 1;
+  body = concat(body, encodeVarint(numParams));
+
+  // Role param (key=0)
+  body = concat(body, encodeVarint(0), encodeVarint(1), encodeVarint(role));
+
+  // Path param (key=1)
+  if (path) {
+    const pathBytes = encoder.encode(path);
+    body = concat(body, encodeVarint(1), encodeVarint(pathBytes.length), pathBytes);
+  }
+
+  // WebTransport framing: u16(body_len) + body
+  const frame = new Uint8Array(2 + body.length);
+  new DataView(frame.buffer).setUint16(0, body.length);
+  frame.set(body, 2);
+
+  return frame;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse SERVER_SETUP from WebTransport.
+ *
+ * WebTransport framing: u16(body_len) + body
+ * Body: varint(selected_version) + params...
+ */
+function parseServerSetup(data) {
+  const dv = new DataView(data.buffer, data.byteOffset, data.byteLength);
+  const bodyLen = dv.getUint16(0);
+  let offset = 2;
+  const [version, newOff] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+  return { version, bodyEnd: 2 + bodyLen };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Subscribe messages (on dedicated bidi stream with stream_type=2)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Encode SUBSCRIBE message body.
+ *
+ * Stream format: varint(2) + varint(body_len) + body
+ * Body: varint(sub_id) + string(broadcast_path) + string(track_name) + u8(priority)
+ */
+function encodeSubscribe(subscribeId, broadcastPath, trackName, priority = 128) {
+  let body = concat(
+    encodeVarint(subscribeId),
+    encodeString(broadcastPath),
+    encodeString(trackName),
+    new Uint8Array([priority]),
+  );
+
+  // Stream type + length-prefixed body
+  return concat(
+    encodeVarint(StreamType.SUBSCRIBE),
+    encodeVarint(body.length),
+    body,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode SUBSCRIBE_OK response.
+ * Format: varint(0) — empty body.
+ */
+function encodeSubscribeOk() {
+  return encodeVarint(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode a SUBSCRIBE message from an incoming bidi stream.
+ * Input starts after the stream type varint has been consumed.
+ */
+function decodeSubscribe(data, offset = 0) {
+  let bodyLen;
+  [bodyLen, offset] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+  const bodyEnd = offset + bodyLen;
+
+  let subscribeId, broadcastPath, trackName;
+  [subscribeId, offset] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+  [broadcastPath, offset] = decodeString(data, offset);
+  [trackName, offset] = decodeString(data, offset);
+  const priority = data[offset];
+  offset += 1;
+
+  return { subscribeId, broadcastPath, trackName, priority, end: bodyEnd };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// GROUP + FRAME messages (on unidirectional streams)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Encode GROUP header + single FRAME for a uni stream.
+ *
+ * Format: u8(0) + varint(header_body_len) + varint(subscribe_id) + varint(group_seq)
+ *         + varint(payload_len) + payload
+ */
+function encodeGroupAndFrame(subscribeId, groupSeq, payload) {
+  const headerBody = concat(
+    encodeVarint(subscribeId),
+    encodeVarint(groupSeq),
+  );
+
+  const frame = concat(
+    encodeVarint(payload.byteLength),
+    payload instanceof Uint8Array ? payload : new Uint8Array(payload),
+  );
+
+  return concat(
+    new Uint8Array([UNI_STREAM_TYPE_GROUP]),
+    encodeVarint(headerBody.length),
+    headerBody,
+    frame,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse GROUP header + FRAMEs from a complete uni stream buffer.
+ *
+ * Returns { subscribeId, groupSeq, frames: [Uint8Array, ...] }
+ */
+function parseGroupStream(data) {
+  let offset = 0;
+
+  // u8(0) stream type
+  const streamType = data[offset];
+  offset += 1;
+
+  // varint(body_len)
+  let bodyLen;
+  [bodyLen, offset] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+  const bodyStart = offset;
+
+  // varint(subscribe_id)
+  let subscribeId;
+  [subscribeId, offset] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+
+  // varint(group_seq)
+  let groupSeq;
+  [groupSeq, offset] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+
+  // Advance past header body
+  offset = bodyStart + bodyLen;
+
+  // Parse frames: varint(payload_len) + payload, repeated
+  const frames = [];
+  while (offset < data.length) {
+    let payloadLen;
+    [payloadLen, offset] = decodeVarint(data, offset);
+    frames.push(data.subarray(offset, offset + payloadLen));
+    offset += payloadLen;
+  }
+
+  return { subscribeId, groupSeq, frames };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Exports (global for vanilla JS)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+window.MOQ = {
+  MOQL_VERSION,
+  Role,
+  StreamType,
+  CLIENT_SETUP_TYPE,
+  SERVER_SETUP_TYPE,
+  encodeVarint,
+  decodeVarint,
+  encodeString,
+  decodeString,
+  concat,
+  encodeClientSetup,
+  parseServerSetup,
+  encodeSubscribe,
+  encodeSubscribeOk,
+  decodeSubscribe,
+  encodeGroupAndFrame,
+  parseGroupStream,
+};
+
+})();
--- a/moq_prebuilt/client/style.css
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/client/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/* Palette borrowed from @pipecat-ai/voice-ui-kit (dark theme) so this
+   custom MOQ client visually matches the smallwebrtc playground. */
+:root {
+  --background: oklch(0.141 0.005 285.823);
+  --foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
+  --card: oklch(0.21 0.006 285.885);
+  --muted: oklch(0.274 0.006 286.033);
+  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.705 0.015 286.067);
+  --border: oklch(1 0 0 / 10%);
+  --border-strong: oklch(1 0 0 / 16%);
+  --primary: oklch(0.85 0.13 162);          /* green Connect */
+  --primary-hover: oklch(0.78 0.14 162);
+  --destructive: oklch(0.577 0.245 27.325); /* red Disconnect */
+  --destructive-hover: oklch(0.52 0.225 27.325);
+  --warning: oklch(0.795 0.184 86.047);
+  --user-bubble: oklch(0.305 0.045 265);
+  --assistant-bubble: oklch(0.255 0.012 286);
+  --radius-md: 6px;
+  --radius-lg: 8px;
+  --radius-xl: 12px;
+  --font-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Inter", "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+  --font-mono: "SF Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Fira Code", "Cascadia Code", Consolas, monospace;
+}
+
+* {
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+}
+
+html, body {
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+body {
+  font-family: var(--font-sans);
+  background: var(--background);
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  font-size: 14px;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  min-height: 100vh;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  padding: 48px 24px 80px;
+  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+}
+
+.container {
+  max-width: 720px;
+  width: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+h1 {
+  font-size: 1.05rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  margin: 0 0 8px 4px;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Card ---------- */
+
+.card {
+  background: var(--card);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
+  padding: 20px;
+}
+
+.card h3 {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.68rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  color: var(--muted-foreground);
+  margin-bottom: 14px;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Connection card (status + buttons) ---------- */
+
+.status {
+  font-size: 1rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  padding: 4px 0 14px;
+  color: var(--muted-foreground);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.status::before {
+  content: "";
+  width: 8px;
+  height: 8px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--muted-foreground);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.status.disconnected { color: var(--muted-foreground); }
+.status.disconnected::before { background: var(--muted-foreground); }
+.status.connecting { color: var(--warning); }
+.status.connecting::before { background: var(--warning); }
+.status.connected { color: var(--primary); }
+.status.connected::before { background: var(--primary); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px oklch(0.85 0.13 162 / 0.15); }
+.status.error { color: var(--destructive); }
+.status.error::before { background: var(--destructive); }
+
+.controls {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+button {
+  font-family: inherit;
+  font-size: 0.85rem;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
+  padding: 8px 18px;
+  border: 1px solid transparent;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: background 0.15s, border-color 0.15s, opacity 0.15s;
+}
+
+button:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.35;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}
+
+#connectBtn {
+  background: var(--primary);
+  color: oklch(0.16 0.02 162);
+}
+
+#connectBtn:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background: var(--primary-hover);
+}
+
+#disconnectBtn {
+  background: transparent;
+  border-color: var(--destructive);
+  color: var(--destructive);
+}
+
+#disconnectBtn:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background: oklch(0.577 0.245 27.325 / 0.15);
+}
+
+/* ---------- Transcript ---------- */
+
+.transcript {
+  font-size: 0.95rem;
+  line-height: 1.55;
+  max-height: 360px;
+  min-height: 48px;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding-right: 4px;
+}
+
+.transcript:empty::before {
+  content: "Waiting for conversation…";
+  color: var(--muted-foreground);
+  font-style: italic;
+  opacity: 0.6;
+}
+
+.transcript-row {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 3px;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  max-width: 88%;
+  align-self: flex-start;
+  background: var(--assistant-bubble);
+}
+
+.transcript-user {
+  background: var(--user-bubble);
+}
+
+.transcript-role {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.62rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  color: var(--muted-foreground);
+}
+
+.transcript-text {
+  color: var(--foreground);
+  white-space: pre-wrap;
+  word-wrap: break-word;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Log ---------- */
+
+.log {
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.72rem;
+  line-height: 1.7;
+  max-height: 360px;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  color: var(--muted-foreground);
+}
+
+.log div {
+  padding: 2px 0;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid oklch(1 0 0 / 0.04);
+}
+
+.log div:last-child {
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+/* ---------- Scrollbar polish ---------- */
+
+.transcript::-webkit-scrollbar,
+.log::-webkit-scrollbar {
+  width: 6px;
+}
+
+.transcript::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,
+.log::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
+  background: var(--border-strong);
+  border-radius: 3px;
+}
+
+.transcript::-webkit-scrollbar-track,
+.log::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
+  background: transparent;
+}
--- a/moq_prebuilt/frontend.py
+++ b/moq_prebuilt/frontend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
+# Define possible paths to the client directory
+base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+possible_client_paths = [
+    os.path.abspath(os.path.join(base_dir, "client")),  # in package
+    os.path.abspath(os.path.join(base_dir, "..", "client")),  # in dev
+]
+
+client_dir = None
+
+for path in possible_client_paths:
+    logging.info(f"Checking MOQ client directory: {path}")
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        client_dir = path
+        break
+
+if not client_dir:
+    logging.error("MOQ prebuilt client not found in any of the expected locations.")
+    raise RuntimeError("MOQ prebuilt client not found.")
+
+MOQPrebuiltUI = StaticFiles(directory=client_dir, html=True)
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ mem0 = [ "mem0ai>=1.0.8,<2" ]
 mistral = ["mistralai>=2.0.0,<3"]
 mlx-whisper = [ "mlx-whisper~=0.4.2" ]
 moondream = [ "accelerate~=1.10.0", "einops~=0.8.0", "pyvips[binary]~=3.0.0", "timm~=1.0.13", "transformers>=4.48.0,<6" ]
+moq = [ "aioquic>=1.2.0,<2", "cryptography>=43.0.0" ]
 nebius = []
 neuphonic = [ "pipecat-ai[websockets-base]" ]
 novita = []
--- a/scripts/moq-dev-setup.sh
+++ b/scripts/moq-dev-setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Generate a self-signed cert for local MOQ dev, symlink it into both the
+# relay repo and this pipecat repo, and print the commands to run everything.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   ./scripts/moq-dev-setup.sh /path/to/moq-relay
+#
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+RELAY_DIR="${1:?Usage: $0 /path/to/moq-relay}"
+PIPECAT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+
+# Resolve relay dir to absolute path
+RELAY_DIR="$(cd "$RELAY_DIR" && pwd)"
+
+CERT_DIR="$PIPECAT_DIR/.moq-certs"
+CERT_FILE="$CERT_DIR/moq-cert.pem"
+KEY_FILE="$CERT_DIR/moq-key.pem"
+
+echo "==> Relay dir:   $RELAY_DIR"
+echo "==> Pipecat dir: $PIPECAT_DIR"
+echo "==> Cert dir:    $CERT_DIR"
+echo
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 1. Generate cert + key
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+mkdir -p "$CERT_DIR"
+
+echo "==> Generating self-signed cert (valid 14 days — MOQ max)..."
+openssl req -x509 -newkey ec -pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:prime256v1 \
+  -keyout "$KEY_FILE" \
+  -out "$CERT_FILE" \
+  -days 14 \
+  -nodes \
+  -subj "/CN=localhost" \
+  -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost,IP:127.0.0.1" \
+  2>/dev/null
+
+echo "    $CERT_FILE"
+echo "    $KEY_FILE"
+echo
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2. Compute SHA-256 fingerprint (used by WebTransport cert pinning)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+FINGERPRINT=$(openssl x509 -in "$CERT_FILE" -outform der \
+  | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary \
+  | base64)
+
+echo "==> Certificate SHA-256 fingerprint:"
+echo "    $FINGERPRINT"
+echo
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 3. Symlink into relay dir and pipecat dir
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+echo "==> Symlinking certs..."
+
+for DIR in "$RELAY_DIR" "$PIPECAT_DIR"; do
+  for FILE in "$CERT_FILE" "$KEY_FILE"; do
+    BASENAME="$(basename "$FILE")"
+    TARGET="$DIR/$BASENAME"
+    rm -f "$TARGET"
+    ln -s "$FILE" "$TARGET"
+    echo "    $TARGET -> $FILE"
+  done
+done
+echo
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 4. Print run commands
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+echo "==========================================="
+echo " Run these in separate terminals:"
+echo "==========================================="
+echo
+echo "# 1. Start the relay (binds QUIC/WebTransport on UDP [::]:4080)"
+echo "cd $RELAY_DIR"
+echo "cargo run --bin moq-relay -- \\"
+echo "  --server-bind '[::]:4080' \\"
+echo "  --tls-cert moq-cert.pem \\"
+echo "  --tls-key moq-key.pem \\"
+echo "  --auth-public ''"
+echo
+echo "# 2. Start the bot"
+echo "cd $PIPECAT_DIR"
+echo "uv run python examples/transports/transports-moq.py \\"
+echo "  -t moq \\"
+echo "  --moq-cert moq-cert.pem \\"
+echo "  --moq-insecure \\"
+echo "  --moq-path /"
+echo
+echo "# 3. Open browser"
+echo "open http://localhost:7860"
+echo
--- a/src/pipecat/runner/run.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/runner/run.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ Supported transports:

 - Daily - Creates rooms and tokens, runs bot as participant
 - WebRTC - Provides local WebRTC interface with prebuilt UI
+- MOQ - Media over QUIC, connects to a MOQ relay for pub/sub streaming
 - Telephony - Handles webhook and WebSocket connections for Twilio, Telnyx, Plivo, Exotel

 To run locally:
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ To run locally:
 - ESP32: `python bot.py -t webrtc --esp32 --host 192.168.1.100`
 - Daily (server): `python bot.py -t daily`
 - Daily (direct, testing only): `python bot.py -d`
+- MOQ: `python bot.py -t moq --moq-host relay.example.com --moq-insecure`
 - Telephony: `python bot.py -t twilio -x your_username.ngrok.io`
 - Exotel: `python bot.py -t exotel` (no proxy needed, but ngrok connection to HTTP 7860 is required)
 """
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ from loguru import logger

 from pipecat.runner.types import (
    DailyRunnerArguments,
+    MOQRunnerArguments,
    RunnerArguments,
    SmallWebRTCRunnerArguments,
    WebSocketRunnerArguments,
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ try:
    from dotenv import load_dotenv
    from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException, Request, WebSocket
    from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
-    from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse, RedirectResponse
+    from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, RedirectResponse
 except ImportError as e:
    logger.error(f"Runner dependencies not available: {e}")
    logger.error("To use Pipecat runners, install with: pip install pipecat-ai[runner]")
@@ -203,6 +206,8 @@ def _configure_server_app(args: argparse.Namespace):
            _setup_whatsapp_routes(app, args)
    elif args.transport == "daily":
        _setup_daily_routes(app, args)
+    elif args.transport == "moq":
+        _setup_moq_routes(app, args)
    elif args.transport in TELEPHONY_TRANSPORTS:
        _setup_telephony_routes(app, args)
    else:
@@ -800,6 +805,131 @@ def _setup_daily_routes(app: FastAPI, args: argparse.Namespace):
            }


+
+def _setup_moq_routes(app: FastAPI, args: argparse.Namespace):
+    """Set up MOQ (Media over QUIC) specific routes."""
+    MOQPrebuiltUI = None
+    try:
+        from moq_prebuilt.frontend import MOQPrebuiltUI
+    except ImportError:
+        # Fallback: look for moq_prebuilt relative to the pipecat repo root
+        try:
+            import pipecat
+
+            repo_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(pipecat.__file__)))
+            client_dir = os.path.join(repo_root, "moq_prebuilt", "client")
+            if os.path.isdir(client_dir):
+                from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+
+                MOQPrebuiltUI = StaticFiles(directory=client_dir, html=True)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    if not MOQPrebuiltUI:
+        logger.warning("moq_prebuilt client not found, MOQ client UI will not be available")
+
+    # Track active MOQ sessions
+    moq_sessions: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    # Mount the frontend
+    if MOQPrebuiltUI:
+        app.mount("/client", MOQPrebuiltUI)
+
+    @app.get("/", include_in_schema=False)
+    async def root_redirect():
+        """Redirect root requests to client interface."""
+        return RedirectResponse(url="/client/")
+
+    @app.get("/api/config")
+    async def moq_config():
+        """Return MOQ relay connection config for the browser client."""
+        cert_hash = None
+        if getattr(args, "moq_cert", None):
+            try:
+                import base64
+                import hashlib
+
+                from cryptography import x509
+                from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+
+                with open(args.moq_cert, "rb") as f:
+                    cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(f.read())
+                der_bytes = cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.DER)
+                digest = hashlib.sha256(der_bytes).digest()
+                cert_hash = base64.b64encode(digest).decode()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"Could not compute cert fingerprint: {e}")
+
+        return {
+            "relay_host": args.moq_host,
+            "relay_port": args.moq_port,
+            "path": args.moq_path,
+            "namespace": args.moq_namespace,
+            "insecure": args.moq_insecure,
+            "cert_hash": cert_hash,
+            # Per-participant broadcast paths. Browser publishes its mic
+            # under <namespace>/<client_id>/<publish_track> and subscribes
+            # to the bot under <namespace>/<bot_id>/<subscribe_track>.
+            "client_id": args.moq_client_id,
+            "bot_id": args.moq_bot_id,
+            "publish_track": "user-audio",
+            "subscribe_track": "bot-audio",
+            "transcript_track": "transcript",
+        }
+
+    @app.post("/start")
+    async def start_moq_bot(request: Request):
+        """Start a MOQ bot session."""
+        try:
+            request_data = await request.json()
+            logger.debug(f"Received MOQ start request: {request_data}")
+        except Exception:
+            request_data = {}
+
+        body = request_data.get("body", {})
+        namespace = request_data.get("namespace", args.moq_namespace)
+
+        bot_module = _get_bot_module()
+
+        ready_event = asyncio.Event()
+        runner_args = MOQRunnerArguments(
+            host=args.moq_host,
+            port=args.moq_port,
+            path=args.moq_path,
+            namespace=namespace,
+            participant_id=args.moq_bot_id,
+            peer_id=args.moq_client_id,
+            verify_ssl=not args.moq_insecure,
+            body=body,
+            ready_event=ready_event,
+        )
+        runner_args.cli_args = args
+
+        session_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        moq_sessions[session_id] = {
+            "namespace": namespace,
+            "host": args.moq_host,
+            "port": args.moq_port,
+        }
+
+        # Spawn the bot and wait until it signals it has finished the MOQ
+        # handshake, so the browser's SUBSCRIBE arrives at a publisher the
+        # relay already knows about.
+        asyncio.create_task(bot_module.bot(runner_args))
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(ready_event.wait(), timeout=15.0)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            return JSONResponse(
+                status_code=504,
+                content={"error": "Bot did not connect to MOQ relay within 15s"},
+            )
+
+        return {
+            "sessionId": session_id,
+            "namespace": namespace,
+            "relay": f"{args.moq_host}:{args.moq_port}",
+        }
+
+
 def _setup_telephony_routes(app: FastAPI, args: argparse.Namespace):
    """Set up telephony-specific routes."""
    # XML response templates (Exotel doesn't use XML webhooks)
@@ -957,7 +1087,7 @@ def main(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None):
        "-t",
        "--transport",
        type=str,
-        choices=["daily", "webrtc", *TELEPHONY_TRANSPORTS],
+        choices=["daily", "webrtc", "moq", *TELEPHONY_TRANSPORTS],
        default="webrtc",
        help="Transport type",
    )
@@ -992,6 +1122,62 @@ def main(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None):
        help="Ensure requried WhatsApp environment variables are present",
    )

+    # MOQ-specific arguments
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-host",
+        type=str,
+        default="localhost",
+        help="MOQ relay host address (default: localhost)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-port",
+        type=int,
+        default=4080,
+        help="MOQ relay port (default: 4080)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-path",
+        type=str,
+        default="/moq",
+        help="MOQ endpoint path (default: /moq)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-namespace",
+        type=str,
+        default="pipecat",
+        help="MOQ namespace/room (default: pipecat)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-bot-id",
+        type=str,
+        default="bot0",
+        help="This bot's participant id; broadcasts under <namespace>/<bot-id> (default: bot0)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-client-id",
+        type=str,
+        default="client0",
+        help="Peer client's participant id the bot subscribes to (default: client0)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-insecure",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="Disable SSL certificate verification for MOQ relay",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-cert",
+        type=str,
+        default=None,
+        help="Path to relay TLS certificate (PEM) for WebTransport cert pinning",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--moq-web-port",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        help="MOQ relay WebTransport port for browser clients (defaults to --moq-port)",
+    )
+
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Validate and clean proxy hostname
@@ -1051,6 +1237,15 @@ def main(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None):
        else:
            print(f"   → Open http://{args.host}:{args.port} in your browser to start a session")
        print()
+    elif args.transport == "moq":
+        print()
+        print(f"🚀 Bot ready! (MOQ)")
+        print(f"   → Connecting to MOQ relay at {args.moq_host}:{args.moq_port}")
+        print(f"   → Namespace: {args.moq_namespace}")
+        print(f"   → Status page: http://{args.host}:{args.port}")
+        print()
+        print(f"   Connect a MOQ client to the same relay and namespace to start talking.")
+        print()

    RUNNER_DOWNLOADS_FOLDER = args.folder
    RUNNER_HOST = args.host
--- a/src/pipecat/runner/types.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/runner/types.py
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ information to bot functions.
 """

 import argparse
+import asyncio
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Optional

 from fastapi import WebSocket
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -135,3 +136,29 @@ class LiveKitRunnerArguments(RunnerArguments):
    room_name: str
    url: str
    token: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MOQRunnerArguments(RunnerArguments):
+    """MOQ (Media over QUIC) transport session arguments for the runner.
+
+    Parameters:
+        host: MOQ relay server hostname.
+        port: MOQ relay server port.
+        path: MOQ endpoint path on the relay.
+        namespace: MOQ namespace (like a room identifier).
+        verify_ssl: Whether to verify SSL certificates.
+        ready_event: Optional event the bot sets once it has connected to the
+            relay and finished the MOQ handshake. Lets the HTTP `/start`
+            endpoint block until the bot is reachable before telling the
+            browser to open its WebTransport.
+    """
+
+    host: str
+    port: int
+    path: str = "/moq"
+    namespace: str = "pipecat"
+    participant_id: str = "bot0"
+    peer_id: str = "client0"
+    verify_ssl: bool = True
+    ready_event: Optional[asyncio.Event] = field(default=None, kw_only=True)
--- a/src/pipecat/runner/utils.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/runner/utils.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from loguru import logger
 from pipecat.runner.types import (
    DailyRunnerArguments,
    LiveKitRunnerArguments,
+    MOQRunnerArguments,
    SmallWebRTCRunnerArguments,
    WebSocketRunnerArguments,
 )
@@ -582,5 +583,25 @@ async def create_transport(
            params=params,
        )

+    elif isinstance(runner_args, MOQRunnerArguments):
+        params = _get_transport_params("moq", transport_params)
+
+        from pipecat.transports.moq.transport import MOQParams, MOQTransport
+
+        # Convert TransportParams to MOQParams if needed, applying runner args
+        if not isinstance(params, MOQParams):
+            params = MOQParams(**params.model_dump())
+        params.verify_ssl = runner_args.verify_ssl
+        params.namespace = runner_args.namespace
+        params.participant_id = runner_args.participant_id
+        params.peer_id = runner_args.peer_id
+
+        return MOQTransport(
+            params=params,
+            host=runner_args.host,
+            port=runner_args.port,
+            path=runner_args.path,
+        )
+
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported runner arguments type: {type(runner_args)}")
--- a/src/pipecat/transports/moq/init.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/transports/moq/init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+"""MOQ (Media over QUIC) transport implementation for Pipecat.
+
+This module provides MOQ transport functionality for real-time media streaming
+using the QUIC protocol, supporting low-latency audio and video transmission
+with pub/sub semantics.
+"""
+
+from pipecat.transports.moq.transport import (
+    MOQInputTransport,
+    MOQOutputTransport,
+    MOQParams,
+    MOQTransport,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MOQInputTransport",
+    "MOQOutputTransport",
+    "MOQParams",
+    "MOQTransport",
+]
--- a/src/pipecat/transports/moq/protocol.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/transports/moq/protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+"""MOQ (Media over QUIC) protocol implementation — moq-lite-02.
+
+This module implements the moq-lite-02 protocol layer for pub/sub media
+streaming over QUIC. It provides message types, encoding/decoding utilities,
+and session management for real-time media transmission.
+
+moq-lite-02 uses a stream-per-request model: each operation (setup,
+subscribe, announce) opens its own bidirectional QUIC stream, and media
+data flows on unidirectional streams as GROUP + FRAME sequences.
+
+Based on moq-lite-02 (version code 0xff0dad02).
+"""
+
+import struct
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import IntEnum
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Protocol constants
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MOQL_VERSION = 0xFF0DAD02  # moq-lite-02
+MOQL_ALPN = "moql"
+
+# Stream type bytes (written as first varint on bidi streams)
+STREAM_TYPE_SESSION = 0
+STREAM_TYPE_ANNOUNCE = 1
+STREAM_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 2
+
+# Setup message type bytes (u8)
+CLIENT_SETUP_TYPE = 0x20
+SERVER_SETUP_TYPE = 0x21
+
+# Unidirectional stream type (u8)
+UNI_STREAM_TYPE_GROUP = 0
+
+# Announce update status
+ANNOUNCE_STATUS_ACTIVE = 0
+ANNOUNCE_STATUS_ENDED = 1
+
+
+class MOQRole(IntEnum):
+    """MOQ endpoint roles."""
+
+    PUBLISHER = 0x01
+    SUBSCRIBER = 0x02
+    PUBSUB = 0x03
+
+
+class MOQTrackType(IntEnum):
+    """Types of media tracks in MOQ."""
+
+    AUDIO = 0x01
+    VIDEO = 0x02
+    DATA = 0x03
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MOQTrack:
+    """Represents a MOQ media track.
+
+    Parameters:
+        broadcast_path: The broadcast path (e.g., "pipecat").
+        name: The track name (e.g., "audio" or "video").
+        track_type: The type of media track.
+        priority: Track priority (lower is higher priority).
+    """
+
+    broadcast_path: str
+    name: str
+    track_type: MOQTrackType = MOQTrackType.DATA
+    priority: int = 128
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self) -> str:
+        """Get the full track identifier."""
+        return f"{self.broadcast_path}/{self.name}"
+
+
+class MOQCodec:
+    """Encoder/decoder for MOQ wire protocol messages (moq-lite-02)."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_varint(value: int) -> bytes:
+        """Encode an integer as a QUIC variable-length integer.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The integer to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded bytes.
+        """
+        if value < 0x40:
+            return struct.pack("!B", value)
+        elif value < 0x4000:
+            return struct.pack("!H", value | 0x4000)
+        elif value < 0x40000000:
+            return struct.pack("!I", value | 0x80000000)
+        else:
+            return struct.pack("!Q", value | 0xC000000000000000)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_varint(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Decode a QUIC variable-length integer.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset in the data.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (decoded value, new offset).
+        """
+        first_byte = data[offset]
+        length_bits = first_byte >> 6
+
+        if length_bits == 0:
+            return first_byte, offset + 1
+        elif length_bits == 1:
+            value = struct.unpack("!H", data[offset : offset + 2])[0] & 0x3FFF
+            return value, offset + 2
+        elif length_bits == 2:
+            value = struct.unpack("!I", data[offset : offset + 4])[0] & 0x3FFFFFFF
+            return value, offset + 4
+        else:
+            value = struct.unpack("!Q", data[offset : offset + 8])[0] & 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+            return value, offset + 8
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_string(value: str) -> bytes:
+        """Encode a string with varint length prefix.
+
+        Args:
+            value: The string to encode.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded bytes.
+        """
+        encoded = value.encode("utf-8")
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(encoded)) + encoded
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_string(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[str, int]:
+        """Decode a length-prefixed string.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset in the data.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (decoded string, new offset).
+        """
+        length, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        value = data[offset : offset + length].decode("utf-8")
+        return value, offset + length
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Setup messages (on a dedicated bidi stream with stream_type=0)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_client_setup(
+        role: MOQRole,
+        supported_versions: List[int],
+        path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """Encode a CLIENT_SETUP message for raw QUIC (ALPN "moql").
+
+        Format: u8(0x20) + varint(body_len) + body
+        Body: varint(num_versions) + versions... + varint(num_params) + params...
+
+        Args:
+            role: The role this client is taking.
+            supported_versions: List of supported MOQ versions.
+            path: Optional connection path.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded message (including stream type).
+        """
+        body = MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(supported_versions))
+        for version in supported_versions:
+            body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(version)
+
+        # Parameters
+        num_params = 1  # role
+        if path:
+            num_params += 1
+
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(num_params)
+
+        # Role parameter (key=0)
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(0)  # Parameter key
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(1)  # Parameter length
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(role)
+
+        # Path parameter (key=1) if provided
+        if path:
+            body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(1)  # Parameter key
+            path_bytes = path.encode("utf-8")
+            body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(path_bytes))
+            body += path_bytes
+
+        # Frame: u8(0x20) + u16(body_len) + body
+        # The relay uses Draft14 wire encoding for ALPN "moql",
+        # which expects a big-endian u16 for the body length.
+        msg = struct.pack("!B", CLIENT_SETUP_TYPE)
+        msg += struct.pack("!H", len(body))
+        msg += body
+
+        return msg
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_server_setup(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Decode a SERVER_SETUP message.
+
+        Format: u8(0x21) + u16(body_len) + body
+        Body: varint(selected_version) + params...
+
+        The relay uses Draft14 wire encoding for ALPN "moql",
+        which uses big-endian u16 for the body length.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset in the data.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (selected_version, new offset).
+        """
+        # Skip type byte (0x21)
+        msg_type = data[offset]
+        offset += 1
+        assert msg_type == SERVER_SETUP_TYPE, f"Expected SERVER_SETUP (0x21), got {msg_type:#x}"
+
+        # Body length (u16 big-endian, Draft14 wire encoding)
+        body_len = struct.unpack("!H", data[offset : offset + 2])[0]
+        offset += 2
+        body_start = offset
+
+        # Selected version
+        version, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+
+        # Skip remaining params
+        offset = body_start + body_len
+
+        return version, offset
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Subscribe messages (on a dedicated bidi stream with stream_type=2)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_subscribe(
+        subscribe_id: int,
+        broadcast_path: str,
+        track_name: str,
+        priority: int = 128,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """Encode a SUBSCRIBE message body.
+
+        Body format: varint(sub_id) + string(broadcast_path) + string(track_name) + u8(priority)
+
+        The stream type varint(2) is written separately by the caller.
+
+        Args:
+            subscribe_id: Unique subscription identifier.
+            broadcast_path: Broadcast path (namespace).
+            track_name: Name of the track.
+            priority: Subscriber priority (u8).
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded subscribe body with varint length prefix.
+        """
+        body = MOQCodec.encode_varint(subscribe_id)
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_string(broadcast_path)
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_string(track_name)
+        body += struct.pack("!B", priority)
+
+        # Wrap: varint(body_len) + body
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(body)) + body
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_subscribe_ok() -> bytes:
+        """Encode a SUBSCRIBE_OK response.
+
+        Format: varint(0) — empty body.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded SUBSCRIBE_OK.
+        """
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(0)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_subscribe(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[int, str, str, int, int]:
+        """Decode a SUBSCRIBE message body.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (subscribe_id, broadcast_path, track_name, priority, new offset).
+        """
+        # Body length
+        body_len, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        body_end = offset + body_len
+
+        subscribe_id, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        broadcast_path, offset = MOQCodec.decode_string(data, offset)
+        track_name, offset = MOQCodec.decode_string(data, offset)
+        priority = data[offset]
+        offset += 1
+
+        return subscribe_id, broadcast_path, track_name, priority, body_end
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_subscribe_ok(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> int:
+        """Decode a SUBSCRIBE_OK response.
+
+        Format: varint(body_len) where body_len should be 0.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            New offset after decoding.
+        """
+        body_len, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        return offset + body_len
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Announce messages (on a dedicated bidi stream with stream_type=1)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_announce_please(path_prefix: str) -> bytes:
+        """Encode an ANNOUNCE_PLEASE message body.
+
+        Body format: string(path_prefix)
+        Framed as: varint(1) + varint(body_len) + body
+
+        The stream type varint(1) is written separately by the caller.
+
+        Args:
+            path_prefix: The path prefix to request announcements for.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded announce_please body with varint length prefix.
+        """
+        body = MOQCodec.encode_string(path_prefix)
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(body)) + body
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_announce_init(suffixes: List[str]) -> bytes:
+        """Encode an ANNOUNCE_INIT response.
+
+        Body format: varint(count) + string(suffix)...
+        Framed as: varint(body_len) + body
+
+        Args:
+            suffixes: List of path suffixes to announce.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded announce_init.
+        """
+        body = MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(suffixes))
+        for suffix in suffixes:
+            body += MOQCodec.encode_string(suffix)
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(body)) + body
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_announce_update(status: int, path_suffix: str) -> bytes:
+        """Encode an ANNOUNCE_UPDATE message.
+
+        Body format: u8(status) + string(path_suffix)
+        Framed as: varint(body_len) + body
+
+        Args:
+            status: Announce status (0=active, 1=ended).
+            path_suffix: The path suffix being updated.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded announce_update.
+        """
+        body = struct.pack("!B", status)
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_string(path_suffix)
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(body)) + body
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_announce_please(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[str, int]:
+        """Decode an ANNOUNCE_PLEASE message body.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (path_prefix, new offset).
+        """
+        body_len, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        body_end = offset + body_len
+        path_prefix, offset = MOQCodec.decode_string(data, offset)
+        return path_prefix, body_end
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Data messages (on unidirectional streams)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_group_header(subscribe_id: int, group_sequence: int) -> bytes:
+        """Encode a GROUP header for a unidirectional data stream.
+
+        Format: u8(0) + varint(body_len) + varint(subscribe_id) + varint(group_sequence)
+
+        Args:
+            subscribe_id: The subscription ID this data is for.
+            group_sequence: The group sequence number.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded GROUP header.
+        """
+        body = MOQCodec.encode_varint(subscribe_id)
+        body += MOQCodec.encode_varint(group_sequence)
+
+        msg = struct.pack("!B", UNI_STREAM_TYPE_GROUP)
+        msg += MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(body))
+        msg += body
+
+        return msg
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def encode_frame(payload: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encode a FRAME within a group.
+
+        Format: varint(payload_len) + payload
+
+        Args:
+            payload: The media payload data.
+
+        Returns:
+            The encoded frame.
+        """
+        return MOQCodec.encode_varint(len(payload)) + payload
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_group_header(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """Decode a GROUP header from a unidirectional stream.
+
+        Format: u8(0) + varint(body_len) + varint(subscribe_id) + varint(group_sequence)
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (subscribe_id, group_sequence, new offset after header).
+        """
+        # Stream type byte (should be 0)
+        stream_type = data[offset]
+        offset += 1
+
+        # Body length
+        body_len, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        body_start = offset
+
+        subscribe_id, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+        group_sequence, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+
+        # Ensure offset aligns with body_start + body_len
+        offset = body_start + body_len
+
+        return subscribe_id, group_sequence, offset
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def decode_frames(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> List[bytes]:
+        """Decode all FRAMEs from remaining data after GROUP header.
+
+        Format: varint(payload_len) + payload, repeated.
+
+        Args:
+            data: The bytes to decode from.
+            offset: Starting offset (after GROUP header).
+
+        Returns:
+            List of payload byte arrays.
+        """
+        frames = []
+        while offset < len(data):
+            payload_len, offset = MOQCodec.decode_varint(data, offset)
+            payload = data[offset : offset + payload_len]
+            offset += payload_len
+            frames.append(bytes(payload))
+        return frames
+
+
+class MOQSession:
+    """Manages MOQ session state for moq-lite-02.
+
+    Tracks subscriptions and group sequences for a single MOQ connection.
+    In moq-lite-02, track aliases are gone — subscribe_id is used directly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, role: MOQRole = MOQRole.PUBSUB):
+        """Initialize the MOQ session.
+
+        Args:
+            role: The role for this session (publisher, subscriber, or both).
+        """
+        self.role = role
+        self.version: int = MOQL_VERSION
+        self.setup_complete: bool = False
+
+        # Subscription tracking
+        self._next_subscribe_id: int = 1
+
+        # Group sequencing per subscribe_id (for publishing)
+        self._group_sequences: Dict[int, int] = {}
+
+    def next_subscribe_id(self) -> int:
+        """Get the next available subscribe ID.
+
+        Returns:
+            The next subscribe ID.
+        """
+        sid = self._next_subscribe_id
+        self._next_subscribe_id += 1
+        return sid
+
+    def get_next_group_sequence(self, subscribe_id: int) -> int:
+        """Get the next group sequence number for publishing.
+
+        Args:
+            subscribe_id: The subscription ID to get the sequence for.
+
+        Returns:
+            The next group sequence number.
+        """
+        seq = self._group_sequences.get(subscribe_id, 0)
+        self._group_sequences[subscribe_id] = seq + 1
+        return seq
--- a/src/pipecat/transports/moq/transport.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/transports/moq/transport.py
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 version = 1
-revision = 3
+revision = 2
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 resolution-markers = [
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+[[package]]
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+version = "1.3.0"
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+    { name = "certifi" },
+    { name = "cryptography" },
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 version = "26.2.0"
@@ -6022,6 +6083,21 @@ wheels = [
    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/41/f2b800b7f12a05dd48c2a6280d4dd812d1425fc66ed3fe3fd99420c41d1a/sentry_sdk-2.60.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:28a536c03291c8bcb363cf35c611b32738ec118ff64d8d6383b096448ac4c803", size = 475616, upload-time = "2026-05-13T13:34:50.259Z" },
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "service-identity"
+version = "24.2.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "attrs" },
+    { name = "cryptography" },
+    { name = "pyasn1" },
+    { name = "pyasn1-modules" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/a5/dfc752b979067947261dbbf2543470c58efe735c3c1301dd870ef27830ee/service_identity-24.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b8683ba13f0d39c6cd5d625d2c5f65421d6d707b013b375c355751557cbe8e09", size = 39245, upload-time = "2024-10-26T07:21:57.736Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/08/2c/ca6dd598b384bc1ce581e24aaae0f2bed4ccac57749d5c3befbb5e742081/service_identity-24.2.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6b047fbd8a84fd0bb0d55ebce4031e400562b9196e1e0d3e0fe2b8a59f6d4a85", size = 11364, upload-time = "2024-10-26T07:21:56.302Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "setuptools"
 version = "78.1.1"