Files
pipecat/src/pipecat/services/openai_realtime_beta/events.py
2026-01-15 19:16:15 -05:00

979 lines
30 KiB
Python

#
# Copyright (c) 2024-2026, Daily
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
#
"""Event models and data structures for OpenAI Realtime API communication."""
import json
import uuid
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
#
# session properties
#
class InputAudioTranscription(BaseModel):
"""Configuration for audio transcription settings."""
model: str = "gpt-4o-transcribe"
language: Optional[str]
prompt: Optional[str]
def __init__(
self,
model: Optional[str] = "gpt-4o-transcribe",
language: Optional[str] = None,
prompt: Optional[str] = None,
):
"""Initialize InputAudioTranscription.
Args:
model: Transcription model to use (e.g., "gpt-4o-transcribe", "whisper-1").
language: Optional language code for transcription.
prompt: Optional transcription hint text.
"""
super().__init__(model=model, language=language, prompt=prompt)
class TurnDetection(BaseModel):
"""Server-side voice activity detection configuration.
Parameters:
type: Detection type, must be "server_vad".
threshold: Voice activity detection threshold (0.0-1.0). Defaults to 0.5.
prefix_padding_ms: Padding before speech starts in milliseconds. Defaults to 300.
silence_duration_ms: Silence duration to detect speech end in milliseconds. Defaults to 800.
"""
type: Optional[Literal["server_vad"]] = "server_vad"
threshold: Optional[float] = 0.5
prefix_padding_ms: Optional[int] = 300
silence_duration_ms: Optional[int] = 800
class SemanticTurnDetection(BaseModel):
"""Semantic-based turn detection configuration.
Parameters:
type: Detection type, must be "semantic_vad".
eagerness: Turn detection eagerness level. Can be "low", "medium", "high", or "auto".
create_response: Whether to automatically create responses on turn detection.
interrupt_response: Whether to interrupt ongoing responses on turn detection.
"""
type: Optional[Literal["semantic_vad"]] = "semantic_vad"
eagerness: Optional[Literal["low", "medium", "high", "auto"]] = None
create_response: Optional[bool] = None
interrupt_response: Optional[bool] = None
class InputAudioNoiseReduction(BaseModel):
"""Input audio noise reduction configuration.
Parameters:
type: Noise reduction type for different microphone scenarios.
"""
type: Optional[Literal["near_field", "far_field"]]
class SessionProperties(BaseModel):
"""Configuration properties for an OpenAI Realtime session.
Parameters:
modalities: Communication modalities to enable (text, audio, or both).
instructions: System instructions for the assistant.
voice: Voice ID for text-to-speech output.
input_audio_format: Format for input audio data.
output_audio_format: Format for output audio data.
input_audio_transcription: Configuration for input audio transcription.
input_audio_noise_reduction: Configuration for input audio noise reduction.
turn_detection: Turn detection configuration or False to disable.
tools: Available function tools for the assistant.
tool_choice: Tool usage strategy ("auto", "none", or "required").
temperature: Sampling temperature for response generation.
max_response_output_tokens: Maximum tokens in response or "inf" for unlimited.
"""
modalities: Optional[List[Literal["text", "audio"]]] = None
instructions: Optional[str] = None
voice: Optional[str] = None
input_audio_format: Optional[Literal["pcm16", "g711_ulaw", "g711_alaw"]] = None
output_audio_format: Optional[Literal["pcm16", "g711_ulaw", "g711_alaw"]] = None
input_audio_transcription: Optional[InputAudioTranscription] = None
input_audio_noise_reduction: Optional[InputAudioNoiseReduction] = None
# set turn_detection to False to disable turn detection
turn_detection: Optional[Union[TurnDetection, SemanticTurnDetection, bool]] = Field(
default=None
)
tools: Optional[List[Dict]] = None
tool_choice: Optional[Literal["auto", "none", "required"]] = None
temperature: Optional[float] = None
max_response_output_tokens: Optional[Union[int, Literal["inf"]]] = None
#
# context
#
class ItemContent(BaseModel):
"""Content within a conversation item.
Parameters:
type: Content type (text, audio, input_text, or input_audio).
text: Text content for text-based items.
audio: Base64-encoded audio data for audio items.
transcript: Transcribed text for audio items.
"""
type: Literal["text", "audio", "input_text", "input_audio"]
text: Optional[str] = None
audio: Optional[str] = None # base64-encoded audio
transcript: Optional[str] = None
class ConversationItem(BaseModel):
"""A conversation item in the realtime session.
Parameters:
id: Unique identifier for the item, auto-generated if not provided.
object: Object type identifier for the realtime API.
type: Item type (message, function_call, or function_call_output).
status: Current status of the item.
role: Speaker role for message items (user, assistant, or system).
content: Content list for message items.
call_id: Function call identifier for function_call items.
name: Function name for function_call items.
arguments: Function arguments as JSON string for function_call items.
output: Function output as JSON string for function_call_output items.
"""
id: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: str(uuid.uuid4().hex))
object: Optional[Literal["realtime.item"]] = None
type: Literal["message", "function_call", "function_call_output"]
status: Optional[Literal["completed", "in_progress", "incomplete"]] = None
# role and content are present for message items
role: Optional[Literal["user", "assistant", "system"]] = None
content: Optional[List[ItemContent]] = None
# these four fields are present for function_call items
call_id: Optional[str] = None
name: Optional[str] = None
arguments: Optional[str] = None
output: Optional[str] = None
class RealtimeConversation(BaseModel):
"""A realtime conversation session.
Parameters:
id: Unique identifier for the conversation.
object: Object type identifier, always "realtime.conversation".
"""
id: str
object: Literal["realtime.conversation"]
class ResponseProperties(BaseModel):
"""Properties for configuring assistant responses.
Parameters:
modalities: Output modalities for the response. Defaults to ["audio", "text"].
instructions: Specific instructions for this response.
voice: Voice ID for text-to-speech in this response.
output_audio_format: Audio format for this response.
tools: Available tools for this response.
tool_choice: Tool usage strategy for this response.
temperature: Sampling temperature for this response.
max_response_output_tokens: Maximum tokens for this response.
"""
modalities: Optional[List[Literal["text", "audio"]]] = ["audio", "text"]
instructions: Optional[str] = None
voice: Optional[str] = None
output_audio_format: Optional[Literal["pcm16", "g711_ulaw", "g711_alaw"]] = None
tools: Optional[List[Dict]] = Field(default_factory=list)
tool_choice: Optional[Literal["auto", "none", "required"]] = None
temperature: Optional[float] = None
max_response_output_tokens: Optional[Union[int, Literal["inf"]]] = None
#
# error class
#
class RealtimeError(BaseModel):
"""Error information from the realtime API.
Parameters:
type: Error type identifier.
code: Specific error code.
message: Human-readable error message.
param: Parameter name that caused the error, if applicable.
event_id: Event ID associated with the error, if applicable.
"""
type: str
code: Optional[str] = ""
message: str
param: Optional[str] = None
event_id: Optional[str] = None
#
# client events
#
class ClientEvent(BaseModel):
"""Base class for client events sent to the realtime API.
Parameters:
event_id: Unique identifier for the event, auto-generated if not provided.
"""
event_id: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: str(uuid.uuid4()))
class SessionUpdateEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to update session properties.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "session.update".
session: Updated session properties.
"""
type: Literal["session.update"] = "session.update"
session: SessionProperties
def model_dump(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Serialize the event to a dictionary.
Handles special serialization for turn_detection where False becomes null.
Args:
*args: Positional arguments passed to parent model_dump.
**kwargs: Keyword arguments passed to parent model_dump.
Returns:
Dictionary representation of the event.
"""
dump = super().model_dump(*args, **kwargs)
# Handle turn_detection so that False is serialized as null
if "turn_detection" in dump["session"]:
if dump["session"]["turn_detection"] is False:
dump["session"]["turn_detection"] = None
return dump
class InputAudioBufferAppendEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to append audio data to the input buffer.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.append".
audio: Base64-encoded audio data to append.
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.append"] = "input_audio_buffer.append"
audio: str # base64-encoded audio
class InputAudioBufferCommitEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to commit the current input audio buffer.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.commit".
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.commit"] = "input_audio_buffer.commit"
class InputAudioBufferClearEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to clear the input audio buffer.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.clear".
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.clear"] = "input_audio_buffer.clear"
class ConversationItemCreateEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to create a new conversation item.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.create".
previous_item_id: ID of the item to insert after, if any.
item: The conversation item to create.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.create"] = "conversation.item.create"
previous_item_id: Optional[str] = None
item: ConversationItem
class ConversationItemTruncateEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to truncate a conversation item's audio content.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.truncate".
item_id: ID of the item to truncate.
content_index: Index of the content to truncate within the item.
audio_end_ms: End time in milliseconds for the truncated audio.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.truncate"] = "conversation.item.truncate"
item_id: str
content_index: int
audio_end_ms: int
class ConversationItemDeleteEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to delete a conversation item.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.delete".
item_id: ID of the item to delete.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.delete"] = "conversation.item.delete"
item_id: str
class ConversationItemRetrieveEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to retrieve a conversation item by ID.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.retrieve".
item_id: ID of the item to retrieve.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.retrieve"] = "conversation.item.retrieve"
item_id: str
class ResponseCreateEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to create a new assistant response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.create".
response: Optional response configuration properties.
"""
type: Literal["response.create"] = "response.create"
response: Optional[ResponseProperties] = None
class ResponseCancelEvent(ClientEvent):
"""Event to cancel the current assistant response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.cancel".
"""
type: Literal["response.cancel"] = "response.cancel"
#
# server events
#
class ServerEvent(BaseModel):
"""Base class for server events received from the realtime API.
Parameters:
event_id: Unique identifier for the event.
type: Type of the server event.
"""
model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
event_id: str
type: str
class SessionCreatedEvent(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a session has been created.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "session.created".
session: The created session properties.
"""
type: Literal["session.created"]
session: SessionProperties
class SessionUpdatedEvent(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a session has been updated.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "session.updated".
session: The updated session properties.
"""
type: Literal["session.updated"]
session: SessionProperties
class ConversationCreated(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a conversation has been created.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.created".
conversation: The created conversation.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.created"]
conversation: RealtimeConversation
class ConversationItemCreated(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a conversation item has been created.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.created".
previous_item_id: ID of the previous item, if any.
item: The created conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.created"]
previous_item_id: Optional[str] = None
item: ConversationItem
class ConversationItemInputAudioTranscriptionDelta(ServerEvent):
"""Event containing incremental input audio transcription.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.delta".
item_id: ID of the conversation item being transcribed.
content_index: Index of the content within the item.
delta: Incremental transcription text.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.delta"]
item_id: str
content_index: int
delta: str
class ConversationItemInputAudioTranscriptionCompleted(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating input audio transcription is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.completed".
item_id: ID of the conversation item that was transcribed.
content_index: Index of the content within the item.
transcript: Complete transcription text.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.completed"]
item_id: str
content_index: int
transcript: str
class ConversationItemInputAudioTranscriptionFailed(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating input audio transcription failed.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.failed".
item_id: ID of the conversation item that failed transcription.
content_index: Index of the content within the item.
error: Error details for the transcription failure.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.failed"]
item_id: str
content_index: int
error: RealtimeError
class ConversationItemTruncated(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a conversation item has been truncated.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.truncated".
item_id: ID of the truncated conversation item.
content_index: Index of the content within the item.
audio_end_ms: End time in milliseconds for the truncated audio.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.truncated"]
item_id: str
content_index: int
audio_end_ms: int
class ConversationItemDeleted(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a conversation item has been deleted.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.deleted".
item_id: ID of the deleted conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.deleted"]
item_id: str
class ConversationItemRetrieved(ServerEvent):
"""Event containing a retrieved conversation item.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "conversation.item.retrieved".
item: The retrieved conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["conversation.item.retrieved"]
item: ConversationItem
class ResponseCreated(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating an assistant response has been created.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.created".
response: The created response object.
"""
type: Literal["response.created"]
response: "Response"
class ResponseDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating an assistant response is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.done".
response: The completed response object.
"""
type: Literal["response.done"]
response: "Response"
class ResponseOutputItemAdded(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating an output item has been added to a response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.output_item.added".
response_id: ID of the response.
output_index: Index of the output item.
item: The added conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["response.output_item.added"]
response_id: str
output_index: int
item: ConversationItem
class ResponseOutputItemDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating an output item is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.output_item.done".
response_id: ID of the response.
output_index: Index of the output item.
item: The completed conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["response.output_item.done"]
response_id: str
output_index: int
item: ConversationItem
class ResponseContentPartAdded(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a content part has been added to a response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.content_part.added".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
part: The added content part.
"""
type: Literal["response.content_part.added"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
part: ItemContent
class ResponseContentPartDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating a content part is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.content_part.done".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
part: The completed content part.
"""
type: Literal["response.content_part.done"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
part: ItemContent
class ResponseTextDelta(ServerEvent):
"""Event containing incremental text from a response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.text.delta".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
delta: Incremental text content.
"""
type: Literal["response.text.delta"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
delta: str
class ResponseTextDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating text content is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.text.done".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
text: Complete text content.
"""
type: Literal["response.text.done"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
text: str
class ResponseAudioTranscriptDelta(ServerEvent):
"""Event containing incremental audio transcript from a response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.audio_transcript.delta".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
delta: Incremental transcript text.
"""
type: Literal["response.audio_transcript.delta"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
delta: str
class ResponseAudioTranscriptDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating audio transcript is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.audio_transcript.done".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
transcript: Complete transcript text.
"""
type: Literal["response.audio_transcript.done"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
transcript: str
class ResponseAudioDelta(ServerEvent):
"""Event containing incremental audio data from a response.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.audio.delta".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
delta: Base64-encoded incremental audio data.
"""
type: Literal["response.audio.delta"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
delta: str # base64-encoded audio
class ResponseAudioDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating audio content is complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.audio.done".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
content_index: Index of the content part.
"""
type: Literal["response.audio.done"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
content_index: int
class ResponseFunctionCallArgumentsDelta(ServerEvent):
"""Event containing incremental function call arguments.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.function_call_arguments.delta".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
call_id: ID of the function call.
delta: Incremental function arguments as JSON.
"""
type: Literal["response.function_call_arguments.delta"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
call_id: str
delta: str
class ResponseFunctionCallArgumentsDone(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating function call arguments are complete.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "response.function_call_arguments.done".
response_id: ID of the response.
item_id: ID of the conversation item.
output_index: Index of the output item.
call_id: ID of the function call.
arguments: Complete function arguments as JSON string.
"""
type: Literal["response.function_call_arguments.done"]
response_id: str
item_id: str
output_index: int
call_id: str
arguments: str
class InputAudioBufferSpeechStarted(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating speech has started in the input audio buffer.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.speech_started".
audio_start_ms: Start time of speech in milliseconds.
item_id: ID of the associated conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.speech_started"]
audio_start_ms: int
item_id: str
class InputAudioBufferSpeechStopped(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating speech has stopped in the input audio buffer.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.speech_stopped".
audio_end_ms: End time of speech in milliseconds.
item_id: ID of the associated conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.speech_stopped"]
audio_end_ms: int
item_id: str
class InputAudioBufferCommitted(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating the input audio buffer has been committed.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.committed".
previous_item_id: ID of the previous item, if any.
item_id: ID of the committed conversation item.
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.committed"]
previous_item_id: Optional[str] = None
item_id: str
class InputAudioBufferCleared(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating the input audio buffer has been cleared.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "input_audio_buffer.cleared".
"""
type: Literal["input_audio_buffer.cleared"]
class ErrorEvent(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating an error occurred.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "error".
error: Error details.
"""
type: Literal["error"]
error: RealtimeError
class RateLimitsUpdated(ServerEvent):
"""Event indicating rate limits have been updated.
Parameters:
type: Event type, always "rate_limits.updated".
rate_limits: List of rate limit information.
"""
type: Literal["rate_limits.updated"]
rate_limits: List[Dict[str, Any]]
class TokenDetails(BaseModel):
"""Detailed token usage information.
Parameters:
cached_tokens: Number of cached tokens used. Defaults to 0.
text_tokens: Number of text tokens used. Defaults to 0.
audio_tokens: Number of audio tokens used. Defaults to 0.
"""
model_config = ConfigDict(extra="allow")
cached_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
text_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
audio_tokens: Optional[int] = 0
class Usage(BaseModel):
"""Token usage statistics for a response.
Parameters:
total_tokens: Total number of tokens used.
input_tokens: Number of input tokens used.
output_tokens: Number of output tokens used.
input_token_details: Detailed breakdown of input token usage.
output_token_details: Detailed breakdown of output token usage.
"""
total_tokens: int
input_tokens: int
output_tokens: int
input_token_details: TokenDetails
output_token_details: TokenDetails
class Response(BaseModel):
"""A complete assistant response.
Parameters:
id: Unique identifier for the response.
object: Object type, always "realtime.response".
status: Current status of the response.
status_details: Additional status information.
output: List of conversation items in the response.
usage: Token usage statistics for the response.
"""
id: str
object: Literal["realtime.response"]
status: Literal["completed", "in_progress", "incomplete", "cancelled", "failed"]
status_details: Any
output: List[ConversationItem]
usage: Optional[Usage] = None
_server_event_types = {
"error": ErrorEvent,
"session.created": SessionCreatedEvent,
"session.updated": SessionUpdatedEvent,
"conversation.created": ConversationCreated,
"input_audio_buffer.committed": InputAudioBufferCommitted,
"input_audio_buffer.cleared": InputAudioBufferCleared,
"input_audio_buffer.speech_started": InputAudioBufferSpeechStarted,
"input_audio_buffer.speech_stopped": InputAudioBufferSpeechStopped,
"conversation.item.created": ConversationItemCreated,
"conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.delta": ConversationItemInputAudioTranscriptionDelta,
"conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.completed": ConversationItemInputAudioTranscriptionCompleted,
"conversation.item.input_audio_transcription.failed": ConversationItemInputAudioTranscriptionFailed,
"conversation.item.truncated": ConversationItemTruncated,
"conversation.item.deleted": ConversationItemDeleted,
"conversation.item.retrieved": ConversationItemRetrieved,
"response.created": ResponseCreated,
"response.done": ResponseDone,
"response.output_item.added": ResponseOutputItemAdded,
"response.output_item.done": ResponseOutputItemDone,
"response.content_part.added": ResponseContentPartAdded,
"response.content_part.done": ResponseContentPartDone,
"response.text.delta": ResponseTextDelta,
"response.text.done": ResponseTextDone,
"response.audio_transcript.delta": ResponseAudioTranscriptDelta,
"response.audio_transcript.done": ResponseAudioTranscriptDone,
"response.audio.delta": ResponseAudioDelta,
"response.audio.done": ResponseAudioDone,
"response.function_call_arguments.delta": ResponseFunctionCallArgumentsDelta,
"response.function_call_arguments.done": ResponseFunctionCallArgumentsDone,
"rate_limits.updated": RateLimitsUpdated,
}
def parse_server_event(str):
"""Parse a server event from JSON string.
Args:
str: JSON string containing the server event.
Returns:
Parsed server event object of the appropriate type.
Raises:
Exception: If the event type is unimplemented or parsing fails.
"""
try:
event = json.loads(str)
event_type = event["type"]
if event_type not in _server_event_types:
raise Exception(f"Unimplemented server event type: {event_type}")
return _server_event_types[event_type].model_validate(event)
except Exception as e:
raise Exception(f"{e} \n\n{str}")