Merge pull request #3946 from pipecat-ai/mb/tts-settings-review

Review TTS settings

changelog/3946.added.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- Runtime settings updates (via `STTUpdateSettingsFrame`) now work for AWS Transcribe, Azure, Cartesia, Deepgram, ElevenLabs Realtime, Gradium, and Soniox STT services. Previously, changing settings at runtime only stored the new values without reconnecting.

examples/foundational/07i-interruptible-xtts.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from pipecat.runner.types import RunnerArguments
 from pipecat.runner.utils import create_transport
 from pipecat.services.deepgram.stt import DeepgramSTTService
 from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService, OpenAILLMSettings
-from pipecat.services.xtts.tts import XTTSService, XTTSSettings
+from pipecat.services.xtts.tts import XTTSService, XTTSTTSSettings
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
 from pipecat.transports.daily.transport import DailyParams
 from pipecat.transports.websocket.fastapi import FastAPIWebsocketParams
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
         tts = XTTSService(
             aiohttp_session=session,
-            settings=XTTSSettings(
+            settings=XTTSTTSSettings(
                 voice="Claribel Dervla",
             ),
             base_url="http://localhost:8000",

examples/foundational/07m-interruptible-aws-strands.py

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Create Strands agent processor
     try:
-        agent = build_agent(model_id="us.anthropic.claude-3-5-haiku-20241022-v1:0", max_tokens=8000)
+        agent = build_agent(model_id="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", max_tokens=8000)
         llm = StrandsAgentsProcessor(agent=agent)
         logger.info("Successfully created Strands agent for NAB customer service coaching")
     except Exception as e:
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
                     messages=[
                         {
                             "role": "user",
-                            "content": f"Greet the user and introduce yourself.",
+                            "content": f"Greet the user and introduce yourself. Don't use emojis.",
                         }
                     ],
                     run_llm=True,

examples/foundational/07m-interruptible-aws.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     llm = AWSBedrockLLMService(
         aws_region="us-west-2",
         settings=AWSBedrockLLMSettings(
-            model="us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+            model="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
             temperature=0.8,
             system_instruction="You are a helpful LLM in a WebRTC call. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. Your output will be spoken aloud, so avoid special characters that can't easily be spoken, such as emojis or bullet points. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way.",
         ),

examples/foundational/07n-interruptible-gemini-image.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     stt = GoogleSTTService(
         credentials=os.getenv("GOOGLE_TEST_CREDENTIALS"),
         settings=GoogleSTTSettings(
-            languages=Language.EN_US,
+            languages=[Language.EN_US],
         ),
     )
 

examples/foundational/07n-interruptible-gemini.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     stt = GoogleSTTService(
         settings=GoogleSTTSettings(
-            languages=Language.EN_US,
+            languages=[Language.EN_US],
         ),
         credentials=os.getenv("GOOGLE_TEST_CREDENTIALS"),
     )

examples/foundational/07n-interruptible-google-http.py

@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     stt = GoogleSTTService(
         settings=GoogleSTTSettings(
-            languages=Language.EN_US,
+            languages=[Language.EN_US],
-            model="chirp_3",
+            # Add model to use a specific model
+            # model="chirp_3",
         ),
         credentials=os.getenv("GOOGLE_TEST_CREDENTIALS"),
         location="us",

examples/foundational/07t-interruptible-fish.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     tts = FishAudioTTSService(
         api_key=os.getenv("FISH_API_KEY"),
         settings=FishAudioTTSSettings(
-            model="4ce7e917cedd4bc2bb2e6ff3a46acaa1",  # Barack Obama
+            voice="4ce7e917cedd4bc2bb2e6ff3a46acaa1",  # Barack Obama
         ),
     )
 

examples/foundational/07z-interruptible-sarvam-http.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response_universal import (
 from pipecat.runner.types import RunnerArguments
 from pipecat.runner.utils import create_transport
 from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService, OpenAILLMSettings
-from pipecat.services.sarvam.stt import SarvamSTTService
+from pipecat.services.sarvam.stt import SarvamSTTService, SarvamSTTSettings
 from pipecat.services.sarvam.tts import SarvamHttpTTSService, SarvamHttpTTSSettings
 from pipecat.transcriptions.language import Language
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
@@ -59,14 +59,16 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         stt = SarvamSTTService(
             api_key=os.getenv("SARVAM_API_KEY"),
-            model="saarika:v2.5",
+            settings=SarvamSTTSettings(
+                model="saarika:v2.5",
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = SarvamHttpTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("SARVAM_API_KEY"),
             aiohttp_session=session,
             settings=SarvamHttpTTSSettings(
-                language=Language.EN,
+                language=Language.EN_IN,
             ),
         )
 

examples/foundational/12b-describe-image-aws.py

@@ -61,11 +61,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     llm = AWSBedrockLLMService(
         aws_region="us-west-2",
         settings=AWSBedrockLLMSettings(
-            model="us.anthropic.claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219-v1:0",
+            model="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
-            # Note: usually, prefer providing latency="optimized" param.
+            temperature=0.8,
-            # Here we can't because AWS Bedrock doesn't support it for Claude 3.7,
-            # which we need for image input.
-            params=AWSBedrockLLMService.InputParams(temperature=0.8),
             system_instruction="You are a helpful LLM in a WebRTC call. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. Your output will be spoken aloud, so avoid special characters that can't easily be spoken, such as emojis or bullet points. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way. You are also able to describe images.",
         ),
     )

examples/foundational/14r-function-calling-aws.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     llm = AWSBedrockLLMService(
         aws_region="us-west-2",
         settings=AWSBedrockLLMSettings(
-            model="us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+            model="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
             temperature=0.8,
             system_instruction="You are a helpful LLM in a WebRTC call. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. Your output will be spoken aloud, so avoid special characters that can't easily be spoken, such as emojis or bullet points. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way.",
         ),

examples/foundational/15a-switch-languages.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 import os
 
-from deepgram import LiveOptions
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ from pipecat.processors.filters.function_filter import FunctionFilter
 from pipecat.runner.types import RunnerArguments
 from pipecat.runner.utils import create_transport
 from pipecat.services.cartesia.tts import CartesiaTTSService, CartesiaTTSSettings
-from pipecat.services.deepgram.stt import DeepgramSTTService
+from pipecat.services.deepgram.stt import DeepgramSTTService, DeepgramSTTSettings
 from pipecat.services.llm_service import FunctionCallParams
 from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService, OpenAILLMSettings
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
@@ -102,7 +101,10 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"), live_options=LiveOptions(language="multi")
+        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        settings=DeepgramSTTSettings(
+            language="multi",
+        ),
     )
 
     tts = SwitchLanguage()

examples/foundational/55a-update-settings-deepgram-sagemaker-stt.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import os
 
-from deepgram import LiveOptions
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
             STTUpdateSettingsFrame(
                 delta=DeepgramSageMakerSTTSettings(
                     language=Language.ES,
-                    live_options=LiveOptions(punctuate=False),
+                    punctuate=False,
                 )
             )
         )

examples/foundational/55a-update-settings-deepgram-stt.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import os
 
-from deepgram import LiveOptions
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
             STTUpdateSettingsFrame(
                 delta=DeepgramSTTSettings(
                     language=Language.ES,
-                    live_options=LiveOptions(punctuate=False),
+                    punctuate=False,
                 )
             )
         )

examples/foundational/55zp-update-settings-aws-bedrock-llm.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     llm = AWSBedrockLLMService(
         aws_region="us-west-2",
         settings=AWSBedrockLLMSettings(
-            model="us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+            model="us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
             temperature=0.8,
             system_instruction="You are a helpful LLM in a WebRTC call. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. Your output will be spoken aloud, so avoid special characters that can't easily be spoken, such as emojis or bullet points. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way.",
         ),

examples/foundational/55zr-update-settings-gradium-stt.py

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
         await asyncio.sleep(10)
         logger.info("Updating Gradium STT settings: delay_in_frames=5")
-        await task.queue_frame(STTUpdateSettingsFrame(delta=GradiumSTTSettings(delay_in_frames=5)))
+        await task.queue_frame(STTUpdateSettingsFrame(delta=GradiumSTTSettings(delay_in_frames=16)))
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_disconnected")
     async def on_client_disconnected(transport, client):

scripts/evals/run-release-evals.py

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ TESTS_07 = [
     ("07zg-interruptible-camb.py", EVAL_SIMPLE_MATH),
     ("07zi-interruptible-piper.py", EVAL_SIMPLE_MATH),
     ("07zj-interruptible-kokoro.py", EVAL_SIMPLE_MATH),
+    ("07zk-interruptible-resembleai.py", EVAL_SIMPLE_MATH),
     # Needs a local XTTS docker instance running.
     # ("07i-interruptible-xtts.py", EVAL_SIMPLE_MATH),
 ]

src/pipecat/services/asyncai/tts.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def language_to_async_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class AsyncAITTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Async AI TTS services."""
+    """Settings for AsyncAITTSService and AsyncAIHttpTTSService."""
 
     pass
 

src/pipecat/services/aws/stt.py

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class AWSTranscribeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("language", AWSTranscribeSTTSettings, "language")
             default_settings.language = self.language_to_service_language(language)
 
-        # 3. No params to apply
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -158,22 +158,12 @@ class AWSTranscribeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         return encoding_map.get(encoding, encoding)
 
     async def _update_settings(self, delta: STTSettings) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        """Apply a settings delta.
+        """Apply a settings delta and reconnect if anything changed."""
-
-        Settings are stored but not applied to the active connection.
-        """
         changed = await super()._update_settings(delta)
 
-        if not changed:
+        if changed and self._websocket:
-            return changed
+            await self._disconnect()
-
+            await self._connect()
-        # TODO: someday we could reconnect here to apply updated settings.
-        # Code might look something like the below:
-        # if changed and self._websocket:
-        #     await self._disconnect()
-        #     await self._connect()
-
-        self._warn_unhandled_updated_settings(changed)
 
         return changed
 

src/pipecat/services/aws/tts.py

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def language_to_aws_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class AWSPollyTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for AWS Polly TTS service.
+    """Settings for AWSPollyTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         engine: TTS engine to use ('standard', 'neural', etc.).

src/pipecat/services/azure/stt.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class AzureSTTService(STTService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("language", AzureSTTSettings, "language")
             default_settings.language = language_to_azure_language(language)
 
-        # 3. No params to apply
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -159,23 +159,16 @@ class AzureSTTService(STTService):
         return language_to_azure_language(language)
 
     async def _update_settings(self, delta: STTSettings) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        """Apply a settings delta.
+        """Apply a settings delta and reconnect if language changed."""
-
-        Settings are stored but not applied to the active recognizer.
-        """
         changed = await super()._update_settings(delta)
 
-        # TODO: someday we could reconnect here to apply updated settings.
+        if "language" in changed:
-        # Code might look something like the below:
+            self._speech_config.speech_recognition_language = (
-        # if "language" in changed:
+                self._settings.language or language_to_azure_language(Language.EN_US)
-        #     self._speech_config.speech_recognition_language = self._settings.language
+            )
-        #     if self._speech_recognizer:
+            if self._audio_stream:
-        #         # Requires refactoring to set up and tear down recognizer, as
+                await self._disconnect()
-        #         # language is applied at recognizer initialization
+                await self._connect()
-        #         await self._disconnect()
-        #         await self._connect()
-
-        self._warn_unhandled_updated_settings(changed)
 
         return changed
 
@@ -202,14 +195,32 @@ class AzureSTTService(STTService):
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         """Start the speech recognition service.
 
-        Initializes the Azure speech recognizer with audio stream configuration
-        and begins continuous speech recognition.
-
         Args:
             frame: Frame indicating the start of processing.
         """
         await super().start(frame)
+        await self._connect()
 
+    async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
+        """Stop the speech recognition service.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Frame indicating the end of processing.
+        """
+        await super().stop(frame)
+        await self._disconnect()
+
+    async def cancel(self, frame: CancelFrame):
+        """Cancel the speech recognition service.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: Frame indicating cancellation.
+        """
+        await super().cancel(frame)
+        await self._disconnect()
+
+    async def _connect(self):
+        """Initialize the Azure speech recognizer and begin continuous recognition."""
         if self._audio_stream:
             return
 
@@ -231,37 +242,15 @@ class AzureSTTService(STTService):
                 error_msg=f"Uncaught exception during initialization: {e}", exception=e
             )
 
-    async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
+    async def _disconnect(self):
-        """Stop the speech recognition service.
+        """Stop recognition and close audio streams."""
-
-        Cleanly shuts down the Azure speech recognizer and closes audio streams.
-
-        Args:
-            frame: Frame indicating the end of processing.
-        """
-        await super().stop(frame)
-
-        if self._speech_recognizer:
-            self._speech_recognizer.stop_continuous_recognition_async()
-
-        if self._audio_stream:
-            self._audio_stream.close()
-
-    async def cancel(self, frame: CancelFrame):
-        """Cancel the speech recognition service.
-
-        Immediately stops recognition and closes resources.
-
-        Args:
-            frame: Frame indicating cancellation.
-        """
-        await super().cancel(frame)
-
         if self._speech_recognizer:
             self._speech_recognizer.stop_continuous_recognition_async()
+            self._speech_recognizer = None
 
         if self._audio_stream:
             self._audio_stream.close()
+            self._audio_stream = None
 
     @traced_stt
     async def _handle_transcription(

src/pipecat/services/azure/tts.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def sample_rate_to_output_format(sample_rate: int) -> SpeechSynthesisOutputForma
 
 @dataclass
 class AzureTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Azure TTS services.
+    """Settings for AzureTTSService and AzureHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         emphasis: Emphasis level for speech ("strong", "moderate", "reduced").

src/pipecat/services/camb/tts.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def _get_aligned_audio(buffer: bytes) -> tuple[bytes, bytes]:
 
 @dataclass
 class CambTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Camb.ai TTS service.
+    """Settings for CambTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         user_instructions: Custom instructions for mars-instruct model only.

src/pipecat/services/cartesia/tts.py

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     StartFrame,
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
-    TTSStartedFrame,
     TTSStoppedFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.services.settings import NOT_GIVEN, TTSSettings, _NotGiven, _warn_deprecated_param
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ class CartesiaEmotion(str, Enum):
 
 @dataclass
 class CartesiaTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Cartesia TTS services.
+    """Settings for CartesiaTTSService and CartesiaHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         generation_config: Generation configuration for Sonic-3 models. Includes volume,
@@ -705,7 +704,7 @@ class CartesiaHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         voice_id: Optional[str] = None,
         model: Optional[str] = None,
         base_url: str = "https://api.cartesia.ai",
-        cartesia_version: str = "2024-11-13",
+        cartesia_version: str = "2026-03-01",
         aiohttp_session: Optional[aiohttp.ClientSession] = None,
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: str = "pcm_s16le",

src/pipecat/services/deepgram/sagemaker/tts.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ from pipecat.utils.tracing.service_decorators import traced_tts
 
 @dataclass
 class DeepgramSageMakerTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Deepgram SageMaker TTS service."""
+    """Settings for DeepgramSageMakerTTSService."""
 
     pass
 

src/pipecat/services/deepgram/stt.py

@@ -365,7 +365,9 @@ class DeepgramSTTService(STTService):
             vad_events=False,
         )
 
-        # 2. Apply live_options overrides — only if settings not provided
+        # 2. (No step 2, as there are no deprecated direct args)
+
+        # 3. Apply live_options overrides — only if settings not provided
         if live_options is not None:
             _warn_deprecated_param("live_options", DeepgramSTTSettings)
             if not settings:
@@ -402,7 +404,7 @@ class DeepgramSTTService(STTService):
                 delta = DeepgramSTTSettings.from_mapping(lo_dict)
                 default_settings.apply_update(delta)
 
-        # 3. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
+        # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
             default_settings.apply_update(settings)
 
@@ -494,8 +496,9 @@ class DeepgramSTTService(STTService):
         if isinstance(self._settings, DeepgramSTTSettings):
             self._settings._sync_extra_to_fields()
 
-        await self._disconnect()
+        if self._connection:
-        await self._connect()
+            await self._disconnect()
+            await self._connect()
 
         return changed
 
@@ -594,13 +597,16 @@ class DeepgramSTTService(STTService):
             return
 
         logger.debug("Disconnecting from Deepgram")
-        # Ask Deepgram to close the stream gracefully before cancelling the task.
+        # Clear self._connection first to prevent run_stt from sending audio
-        if self._connection:
+        # during the close handshake, then close gracefully on the saved ref.
-            await self._connection.send_close_stream()
+        connection = self._connection
+        self._connection = None
+
+        if connection:
+            await connection.send_close_stream()
 
         await self.cancel_task(self._connection_task)
         self._connection_task = None
-        self._connection = None
 
     async def _connection_handler(self):
         """Manages the full WebSocket lifecycle inside a single async with block.

src/pipecat/services/deepgram/tts.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 @dataclass
 class DeepgramTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Deepgram TTS service."""
+    """Settings for DeepgramTTSService and DeepgramHttpTTSService."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ class DeepgramTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             default_settings.model = voice
             default_settings.voice = voice
 
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
+
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
             default_settings.apply_update(settings)
@@ -423,6 +425,8 @@ class DeepgramHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             default_settings.model = voice
             default_settings.voice = voice
 
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
+
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
             default_settings.apply_update(settings)

src/pipecat/services/elevenlabs/stt.py

@@ -200,18 +200,12 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTSettings(STTSettings):
         vad_threshold: VAD sensitivity (0.1-0.9, lower is more sensitive).
         min_speech_duration_ms: Minimum speech duration for VAD (50-2000ms).
         min_silence_duration_ms: Minimum silence duration for VAD (50-2000ms).
-        include_timestamps: Whether to include word-level timestamps in transcripts.
-        enable_logging: Whether to enable logging on ElevenLabs' side.
-        include_language_detection: Whether to include language detection in transcripts.
     """
 
     vad_silence_threshold_secs: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     vad_threshold: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     min_speech_duration_ms: int | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     min_silence_duration_ms: int | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    include_timestamps: bool | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    enable_logging: bool | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    include_language_detection: bool | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
 
 
 class ElevenLabsSTTService(SegmentedSTTService):
@@ -496,6 +490,9 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         commit_strategy: CommitStrategy = CommitStrategy.MANUAL,
         model: Optional[str] = None,
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
+        include_timestamps: bool = False,
+        enable_logging: bool = False,
+        include_language_detection: bool = False,
         params: Optional[InputParams] = None,
         settings: Optional[ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTSettings] = None,
         ttfs_p99_latency: Optional[float] = ELEVENLABS_REALTIME_TTFS_P99,
@@ -515,6 +512,9 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
                     Use ``settings=ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTSettings(model=...)`` instead.
 
             sample_rate: Audio sample rate in Hz. If not provided, uses the pipeline's rate.
+            include_timestamps: Whether to include word-level timestamps in transcripts.
+            enable_logging: Whether to enable logging on ElevenLabs' side.
+            include_language_detection: Whether to include language detection in transcripts.
             params: Configuration parameters for the STT service.
 
                 .. deprecated:: 0.0.105
@@ -534,9 +534,6 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             vad_threshold=None,
             min_speech_duration_ms=None,
             min_silence_duration_ms=None,
-            include_timestamps=False,
-            enable_logging=False,
-            include_language_detection=False,
         )
 
         # 2. Apply direct init arg overrides (deprecated)
@@ -555,9 +552,9 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
                 default_settings.vad_threshold = params.vad_threshold
                 default_settings.min_speech_duration_ms = params.min_speech_duration_ms
                 default_settings.min_silence_duration_ms = params.min_silence_duration_ms
-                default_settings.include_timestamps = params.include_timestamps
+                include_timestamps = params.include_timestamps
-                default_settings.enable_logging = params.enable_logging
+                enable_logging = params.enable_logging
-                default_settings.include_language_detection = params.include_language_detection
+                include_language_detection = params.include_language_detection
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -579,6 +576,9 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
 
         # Init-only config (not runtime-updatable).
         self._commit_strategy = commit_strategy
+        self._include_timestamps = include_timestamps
+        self._enable_logging = enable_logging
+        self._include_language_detection = include_language_detection
 
         self._connected_event = asyncio.Event()
         self._connected_event.set()
@@ -605,8 +605,9 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         if not changed:
             return changed
 
-        await self._disconnect()
+        if self._websocket:
-        await self._connect()
+            await self._disconnect()
+            await self._connect()
 
         return changed
 
@@ -762,17 +763,15 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             params.append(f"commit_strategy={self._commit_strategy.value}")
 
             # Add optional parameters
-            if self._settings.include_timestamps:
+            if self._include_timestamps:
-                params.append(
+                params.append(f"include_timestamps={str(self._include_timestamps).lower()}")
-                    f"include_timestamps={str(self._settings.include_timestamps).lower()}"
-                )
 
-            if self._settings.enable_logging:
+            if self._enable_logging:
-                params.append(f"enable_logging={str(self._settings.enable_logging).lower()}")
+                params.append(f"enable_logging={str(self._enable_logging).lower()}")
 
-            if self._settings.include_language_detection:
+            if self._include_language_detection:
                 params.append(
-                    f"include_language_detection={str(self._settings.include_language_detection).lower()}"
+                    f"include_language_detection={str(self._include_language_detection).lower()}"
                 )
 
             # Add VAD parameters if using VAD commit strategy and values are specified
@@ -920,7 +919,7 @@ class ElevenLabsRealtimeSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         """
         # If timestamps are enabled, skip this message and wait for the
         # committed_transcript_with_timestamps message which contains all the data
-        if self._settings.include_timestamps:
+        if self._include_timestamps:
             return
 
         text = data.get("text", "").strip()

src/pipecat/services/elevenlabs/tts.py

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class PronunciationDictionaryLocator(BaseModel):
 
 @dataclass
 class ElevenLabsTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for the ElevenLabs WebSocket TTS service.
+    """Settings for ElevenLabsTTSService.
 
     Fields that appear in the WebSocket URL (``voice``, ``model``,
     ``language``) require a full reconnect when changed.  Fields that
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
 
 @dataclass
 class ElevenLabsHttpTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for the ElevenLabs HTTP TTS service.
+    """Settings for ElevenLabsHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         optimize_streaming_latency: Latency optimization level (0-4).
@@ -358,6 +358,9 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
         model: Optional[str] = None,
         url: str = "wss://api.elevenlabs.io",
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
+        auto_mode: bool = True,
+        enable_ssml_parsing: Optional[bool] = None,
+        enable_logging: Optional[bool] = None,
         pronunciation_dictionary_locators: Optional[List[PronunciationDictionaryLocator]] = None,
         params: Optional[InputParams] = None,
         settings: Optional[ElevenLabsTTSSettings] = None,
@@ -381,6 +384,9 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
 
             url: WebSocket URL for ElevenLabs TTS API.
             sample_rate: Audio sample rate. If None, uses default.
+            auto_mode: Whether to enable automatic mode optimization.
+            enable_ssml_parsing: Whether to parse SSML tags in text.
+            enable_logging: Whether to enable ElevenLabs server-side logging.
             pronunciation_dictionary_locators: List of pronunciation dictionary
                 locators to use.
             params: Additional input parameters for voice customization.
@@ -428,11 +434,6 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             apply_text_normalization=None,
         )
 
-        # Track init-only URL params through the override chain
-        _auto_mode = True
-        _enable_ssml_parsing = None
-        _enable_logging = None
-
         # 2. Apply direct init arg overrides (deprecated)
         if voice_id is not None:
             _warn_deprecated_param("voice_id", ElevenLabsTTSSettings, "voice")
@@ -459,11 +460,11 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
                 if params.speed is not None:
                     default_settings.speed = params.speed
                 if params.auto_mode is not None:
-                    _auto_mode = str(params.auto_mode).lower()
+                    auto_mode = params.auto_mode
                 if params.enable_ssml_parsing is not None:
-                    _enable_ssml_parsing = params.enable_ssml_parsing
+                    enable_ssml_parsing = params.enable_ssml_parsing
                 if params.enable_logging is not None:
-                    _enable_logging = params.enable_logging
+                    enable_logging = params.enable_logging
                 if params.apply_text_normalization is not None:
                     default_settings.apply_text_normalization = params.apply_text_normalization
                 if _pronunciation_dictionary_locators is None:
@@ -488,9 +489,9 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
         self._url = url
 
         # Init-only WebSocket URL params (not runtime-updatable).
-        self._auto_mode = _auto_mode
+        self._auto_mode = auto_mode
-        self._enable_ssml_parsing = _enable_ssml_parsing
+        self._enable_ssml_parsing = enable_ssml_parsing
-        self._enable_logging = _enable_logging
+        self._enable_logging = enable_logging
 
         self._output_format = ""  # initialized in start()
         self._voice_settings = self._set_voice_settings()
@@ -664,7 +665,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             voice_id = self._settings.voice
             model = self._settings.model
             output_format = self._output_format
-            url = f"{self._url}/v1/text-to-speech/{voice_id}/multi-stream-input?model_id={model}&output_format={output_format}&auto_mode={self._auto_mode}"
+            url = f"{self._url}/v1/text-to-speech/{voice_id}/multi-stream-input?model_id={model}&output_format={output_format}&auto_mode={str(self._auto_mode).lower()}"
 
             if self._enable_ssml_parsing:
                 url += f"&enable_ssml_parsing={self._enable_ssml_parsing}"

src/pipecat/services/fish/tts.py

@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ This module provides integration with Fish Audio's real-time TTS WebSocket API
 for streaming text-to-speech synthesis with customizable voice parameters.
 """
 
-import uuid
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, ClassVar, Dict, Literal, Mapping, Optional, Self
+from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, Literal, Mapping, Optional, Self
 
 from loguru import logger
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     InterruptionFrame,
     StartFrame,
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
-    TTSStartedFrame,
     TTSStoppedFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
@@ -49,21 +47,23 @@ FishAudioOutputFormat = Literal["opus", "mp3", "pcm", "wav"]
 
 @dataclass
 class FishAudioTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Fish Audio TTS service.
+    """Settings for FishAudioTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
-        latency: Latency mode ("normal" or "balanced"). Defaults to "normal".
+        latency: Latency mode ("normal" or "balanced"). Defaults to "balanced".
         normalize: Whether to normalize audio output. Defaults to True.
+        temperature: Controls randomness in speech generation (0.0-1.0).
+        top_p: Controls diversity via nucleus sampling (0.0-1.0).
         prosody_speed: Speech speed multiplier (0.5-2.0). Defaults to 1.0.
-        prosody_volume: Volume adjustment in dB. Defaults to 0.
+        prosody_volume: Volume adjustment in dB (-20 to 20). Defaults to 0.
-        reference_id: Reference ID of the voice model.
     """
 
     latency: str | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     normalize: bool | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
+    temperature: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
+    top_p: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     prosody_speed: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     prosody_volume: int | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    reference_id: str | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
 
     @classmethod
     def from_mapping(cls, settings: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Self:
@@ -174,18 +174,18 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
             model="s1",
             voice=None,
             language=None,
-            latency="normal",
+            latency="balanced",
             normalize=True,
+            temperature=None,
+            top_p=None,
             prosody_speed=1.0,
             prosody_volume=0,
-            reference_id=None,
         )
 
         # 2. Apply direct init arg overrides (deprecated)
         if reference_id is not None:
             _warn_deprecated_param("reference_id", FishAudioTTSSettings, "voice")
             default_settings.voice = reference_id
-            default_settings.reference_id = reference_id
         if model_id is not None:
             _warn_deprecated_param("model_id", FishAudioTTSSettings, "model")
             default_settings.model = model_id
@@ -317,8 +317,12 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
                     "speed": self._settings.prosody_speed,
                     "volume": self._settings.prosody_volume,
                 },
-                "reference_id": self._settings.reference_id,
+                "reference_id": self._settings.voice,
             }
+            if self._settings.temperature is not None:
+                request_settings["temperature"] = self._settings.temperature
+            if self._settings.top_p is not None:
+                request_settings["top_p"] = self._settings.top_p
             start_message = {"event": "start", "request": {"text": "", **request_settings}}
             await self._websocket.send(ormsgpack.packb(start_message))
             logger.debug("Sent start message to Fish Audio")
@@ -375,7 +379,14 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
                                 frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(audio_data, self.sample_rate, 1)
                                 await self.push_frame(frame)
                                 await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                                continue
+                        elif event == "finish":
+                            reason = msg.get("reason", "unknown")
+                            if reason == "error":
+                                await self.push_error(
+                                    error_msg="Fish Audio server error during synthesis"
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                logger.debug(f"Fish Audio session finished: {reason}")
 
             except Exception as e:
                 await self.push_error(error_msg=f"Unknown error occurred: {e}", exception=e)

src/pipecat/services/gradium/stt.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ WebSocket API for streaming audio transcription.
 
 import base64
 import json
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     VADUserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
-from pipecat.services.settings import STTSettings, _warn_deprecated_param
+from pipecat.services.settings import NOT_GIVEN, STTSettings, _NotGiven, _warn_deprecated_param
 from pipecat.services.stt_latency import GRADIUM_TTFS_P99
 from pipecat.services.stt_service import WebsocketSTTService
 from pipecat.transcriptions.language import Language, resolve_language
@@ -68,9 +68,16 @@ def language_to_gradium_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class GradiumSTTSettings(STTSettings):
-    """Settings for GradiumSTTService."""
+    """Settings for GradiumSTTService.
 
-    pass
+    Parameters:
+        delay_in_frames: Delay in audio frames (80ms each) before text is
+            generated. Higher delays allow more context but increase latency.
+            Allowed values: 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48.
+            Default is 10 (800ms). Lower values like 7-8 give faster response.
+    """
+
+    delay_in_frames: Optional[int] | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
 
 
 class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
@@ -107,7 +114,6 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         *,
         api_key: str,
         api_endpoint_base_url: str = "wss://eu.api.gradium.ai/api/speech/asr",
-        delay_in_frames: Optional[int] = None,
         params: Optional[InputParams] = None,
         json_config: Optional[str] = None,
         settings: Optional[GradiumSTTSettings] = None,
@@ -119,9 +125,6 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         Args:
             api_key: Gradium API key for authentication.
             api_endpoint_base_url: WebSocket endpoint URL. Defaults to Gradium's streaming endpoint.
-            delay_in_frames: Delay in audio frames (80ms each) before text is
-                generated. Higher delays allow more context but increase latency.
-                Allowed values: 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48.
             params: Configuration parameters for language and delay settings.
 
                 .. deprecated:: 0.0.105
@@ -151,9 +154,10 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         default_settings = GradiumSTTSettings(
             model=None,
             language=None,
+            delay_in_frames=None,
         )
 
-        # 2. (no deprecated direct args for this service)
+        # 2. (No step 2, as there are no deprecated direct args)
 
         # 3. Apply params overrides — only if settings not provided
         if params is not None:
@@ -161,7 +165,7 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             if not settings:
                 default_settings.language = params.language
                 if params.delay_in_frames is not None:
-                    delay_in_frames = params.delay_in_frames
+                    default_settings.delay_in_frames = params.delay_in_frames
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -178,7 +182,6 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         self._api_endpoint_base_url = api_endpoint_base_url
         self._websocket = None
         self._json_config = json_config
-        self._config_delay_in_frames = delay_in_frames
 
         self._receive_task = None
 
@@ -212,8 +215,9 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         if not changed:
             return changed
 
-        await self._disconnect()
+        if self._websocket:
-        await self._connect()
+            await self._disconnect()
+            await self._connect()
         return changed
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
@@ -358,8 +362,8 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
                 gradium_language = language_to_gradium_language(self._settings.language)
                 if gradium_language:
                     json_config["language"] = gradium_language
-            if self._config_delay_in_frames:
+            if self._settings.delay_in_frames:
-                json_config["delay_in_frames"] = self._config_delay_in_frames
+                json_config["delay_in_frames"] = self._settings.delay_in_frames
             if json_config:
                 setup_msg["json_config"] = json_config
             await self._websocket.send(json.dumps(setup_msg))

src/pipecat/services/gradium/tts.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ SAMPLE_RATE = 48000
 
 @dataclass
 class GradiumTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for the Gradium TTS service."""
+    """Settings for GradiumTTSService."""
 
     pass
 

src/pipecat/services/groq/tts.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 @dataclass
 class GroqTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for the Groq TTS service.
+    """Settings for GroqTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         speed: Speech speed multiplier. Defaults to 1.0.

src/pipecat/services/hume/tts.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ DEFAULT_HEADERS = {
 
 @dataclass
 class HumeTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Hume TTS service.
+    """Settings for HumeTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         description: Natural-language acting directions (up to 100 characters).

src/pipecat/services/inworld/tts.py

@@ -68,32 +68,19 @@ from pipecat.utils.tracing.service_decorators import traced_tts
 
 @dataclass
 class InworldTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Inworld TTS services.
+    """Settings for InworldTTSService and InworldHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         speaking_rate: Speaking rate for speech synthesis.
         temperature: Temperature for speech synthesis.
-        auto_mode: Whether to use auto mode. Recommended when texts are sent
-            in full sentences/phrases. When enabled, the server controls
-            flushing of buffered text to achieve minimal latency while
-            maintaining high quality audio output. If None (default),
-            automatically set based on aggregate_sentences.
-        apply_text_normalization: Whether to apply text normalization.
-        timestamp_transport_strategy: Strategy for timestamp transport ("ASYNC" or "SYNC").
     """
 
     speaking_rate: float | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     temperature: float | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    auto_mode: bool | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    apply_text_normalization: str | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
-    timestamp_transport_strategy: str | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
 
     _aliases: ClassVar[Dict[str, str]] = {
         "voiceId": "voice",
         "modelId": "model",
-        "applyTextNormalization": "apply_text_normalization",
-        "autoMode": "auto_mode",
-        "timestampTransportStrategy": "timestamp_transport_strategy",
     }
 
     @classmethod
@@ -141,6 +128,7 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         streaming: bool = True,
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: str = "LINEAR16",
+        timestamp_transport_strategy: Optional[Literal["ASYNC", "SYNC"]] = "ASYNC",
         params: Optional[InputParams] = None,
         settings: Optional[InworldTTSSettings] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -163,6 +151,8 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             streaming: Whether to use streaming mode.
             sample_rate: Audio sample rate in Hz.
             encoding: Audio encoding format.
+            timestamp_transport_strategy: Strategy for timestamp transport
+                ("ASYNC" or "SYNC"). Defaults to "ASYNC".
             params: Input parameters for Inworld TTS configuration.
 
                 .. deprecated:: 0.0.105
@@ -179,9 +169,6 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             language=None,
             speaking_rate=None,
             temperature=None,
-            timestamp_transport_strategy="ASYNC",
-            auto_mode=None,  # Not applicable for HTTP TTS
-            apply_text_normalization=None,  # Not applicable for HTTP TTS
         )
 
         # 2. Apply direct init arg overrides (deprecated)
@@ -201,9 +188,7 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
                 if params.temperature is not None:
                     default_settings.temperature = params.temperature
                 if params.timestamp_transport_strategy is not None:
-                    default_settings.timestamp_transport_strategy = (
+                    timestamp_transport_strategy = params.timestamp_transport_strategy
-                        params.timestamp_transport_strategy
-                    )
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -230,9 +215,10 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
 
         self._cumulative_time = 0.0
 
-        # Init-only audio format config (not runtime-updatable).
+        # Init-only config (not runtime-updatable).
         self._audio_encoding = encoding
         self._audio_sample_rate = 0  # Set in start()
+        self._timestamp_transport_strategy = timestamp_transport_strategy
 
     def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
         """Check if this service can generate processing metrics.
@@ -251,22 +237,6 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         await super().start(frame)
         self._audio_sample_rate = self.sample_rate
 
-    async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
-        """Stop the Inworld TTS service.
-
-        Args:
-            frame: The end frame.
-        """
-        await super().stop(frame)
-
-    async def cancel(self, frame: CancelFrame):
-        """Cancel the Inworld TTS service.
-
-        Args:
-            frame: The cancel frame.
-        """
-        await super().cancel(frame)
-
     async def push_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection = FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM):
         """Push a frame and handle state changes.
 
@@ -347,8 +317,8 @@ class InworldHttpTTSService(TTSService):
 
         # Use WORD timestamps for simplicity and correct spacing/capitalization
         payload["timestampType"] = self._timestamp_type
-        if self._settings.timestamp_transport_strategy is not None:
+        if self._timestamp_transport_strategy is not None:
-            payload["timestampTransportStrategy"] = self._settings.timestamp_transport_strategy
+            payload["timestampTransportStrategy"] = self._timestamp_transport_strategy
 
         request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
         headers = {
@@ -556,6 +526,9 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
         url: str = "wss://api.inworld.ai/tts/v1/voice:streamBidirectional",
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: str = "LINEAR16",
+        auto_mode: Optional[bool] = None,
+        apply_text_normalization: Optional[str] = None,
+        timestamp_transport_strategy: Optional[Literal["ASYNC", "SYNC"]] = "ASYNC",
         params: Optional[InputParams] = None,
         settings: Optional[InworldTTSSettings] = None,
         aggregate_sentences: Optional[bool] = None,
@@ -580,6 +553,12 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             url: URL of the Inworld WebSocket API.
             sample_rate: Audio sample rate in Hz.
             encoding: Audio encoding format.
+            auto_mode: Whether to use auto mode. When enabled, the server
+                controls flushing of buffered text. If None (default),
+                automatically set based on ``aggregate_sentences``.
+            apply_text_normalization: Whether to apply text normalization.
+            timestamp_transport_strategy: Strategy for timestamp transport
+                ("ASYNC" or "SYNC"). Defaults to "ASYNC".
             params: Input parameters for Inworld WebSocket TTS configuration.
 
                 .. deprecated:: 0.0.105
@@ -596,6 +575,10 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             append_trailing_space: Whether to append a trailing space to text before sending to TTS.
             **kwargs: Additional arguments passed to the parent class.
         """
+        # Derive auto_mode from aggregate_sentences if not explicitly set
+        if auto_mode is None:
+            auto_mode = True if aggregate_sentences is None else aggregate_sentences
+
         # 1. Initialize default_settings with hardcoded defaults
         default_settings = InworldTTSSettings(
             model="inworld-tts-1.5-max",
@@ -603,9 +586,6 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             language=None,
             speaking_rate=None,
             temperature=None,
-            apply_text_normalization=None,
-            timestamp_transport_strategy="ASYNC",
-            auto_mode=True if aggregate_sentences is None else aggregate_sentences,
         )
 
         # 2. Apply direct init arg overrides (deprecated)
@@ -627,13 +607,11 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
                 if params.temperature is not None:
                     default_settings.temperature = params.temperature
                 if params.apply_text_normalization is not None:
-                    default_settings.apply_text_normalization = params.apply_text_normalization
+                    apply_text_normalization = params.apply_text_normalization
                 if params.timestamp_transport_strategy is not None:
-                    default_settings.timestamp_transport_strategy = (
+                    timestamp_transport_strategy = params.timestamp_transport_strategy
-                        params.timestamp_transport_strategy
-                    )
                 if params.auto_mode is not None:
-                    default_settings.auto_mode = params.auto_mode
+                    auto_mode = params.auto_mode
             _buffer_max_delay_ms = params.max_buffer_delay_ms
             _buffer_char_threshold = params.buffer_char_threshold
 
@@ -673,9 +651,12 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
         # Track the end time of the last word in the current generation
         self._generation_end_time = 0.0
 
-        # Init-only audio format config (not runtime-updatable).
+        # Init-only config (not runtime-updatable).
         self._audio_encoding = encoding
         self._audio_sample_rate = 0  # Set in start()
+        self._auto_mode = auto_mode
+        self._apply_text_normalization = apply_text_normalization
+        self._timestamp_transport_strategy = timestamp_transport_strategy
 
     def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
         """Check if this service can generate processing metrics.
@@ -926,7 +907,7 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
                 for k in ["contextCreated", "audioChunk", "flushCompleted", "contextClosed"]
                 if k in result
             ]
-            logger.debug(f"{self}: Received message types={msg_types}, ctx_id={ctx_id}")
+            logger.trace(f"{self}: Received message types={msg_types}, ctx_id={ctx_id}")
 
             # Check for errors
             status = result.get("status", {})
@@ -1036,14 +1017,12 @@ class InworldTTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
 
         if self._settings.temperature is not None:
             create_config["temperature"] = self._settings.temperature
-        if self._settings.apply_text_normalization is not None:
+        if self._apply_text_normalization is not None:
-            create_config["applyTextNormalization"] = self._settings.apply_text_normalization
+            create_config["applyTextNormalization"] = self._apply_text_normalization
-        if self._settings.auto_mode is not None:
+        if self._auto_mode is not None:
-            create_config["autoMode"] = self._settings.auto_mode
+            create_config["autoMode"] = self._auto_mode
-        if self._settings.timestamp_transport_strategy is not None:
+        if self._timestamp_transport_strategy is not None:
-            create_config["timestampTransportStrategy"] = (
+            create_config["timestampTransportStrategy"] = self._timestamp_transport_strategy
-                self._settings.timestamp_transport_strategy
-            )
 
         # Set buffer settings for timely audio generation.
         # Use provided values or defaults that work well for streaming LLM output.

src/pipecat/services/kokoro/tts.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def language_to_kokoro_language(language: Language) -> str:
 
 @dataclass
 class KokoroTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for the Kokoro TTS service."""
+    """Settings for KokoroTTSService."""
 
     pass
 

src/pipecat/services/lmnt/tts.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     StartFrame,
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
-    TTSStartedFrame,
     TTSStoppedFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ def language_to_lmnt_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
         The corresponding LMNT language code, or None if not supported.
     """
     LANGUAGE_MAP = {
+        Language.AR: "ar",
         Language.DE: "de",
         Language.EN: "en",
         Language.ES: "es",
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ def language_to_lmnt_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
         Language.TH: "th",
         Language.TR: "tr",
         Language.UK: "uk",
+        Language.UR: "ur",
         Language.VI: "vi",
         Language.ZH: "zh",
     }
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def language_to_lmnt_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class LmntTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for LMNT TTS service."""
+    """Settings for LmntTTSService."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
         voice_id: Optional[str] = None,
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         language: Language = Language.EN,
+        output_format: str = "pcm_s16le",
         model: Optional[str] = None,
         settings: Optional[LmntTTSSettings] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ class LmntTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
 
             sample_rate: Audio sample rate. If None, uses default.
             language: Language for synthesis. Defaults to English.
+            output_format: Audio output format. One of "pcm_s16le", "pcm_f32le",
+                "mp3", "ulaw", "webm". Defaults to "pcm_s16le".
             model: TTS model to use.
 
                 .. deprecated:: 0.0.105
@@ -122,7 +126,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
         """
         # 1. Initialize default_settings with hardcoded defaults
         default_settings = LmntTTSSettings(
-            model="blizzard",
+            model="aurora",
             voice=None,
             language=self.language_to_service_language(language),
         )
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("model", LmntTTSSettings, "model")
             default_settings.model = model
 
-        # 3. No params for this service
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
         )
 
         self._api_key = api_key
-        self._output_format = "raw"
+        self._output_format = output_format
         self._receive_task = None
 
     def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:

src/pipecat/services/minimax/tts.py

@@ -87,10 +87,9 @@ def language_to_minimax_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class MiniMaxTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for MiniMax TTS service.
+    """Settings for MiniMaxHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
-        stream: Whether to use streaming mode.
         speed: Speech speed (range: 0.5 to 2.0).
         volume: Speech volume (range: 0 to 10).
         pitch: Pitch adjustment (range: -12 to 12).
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ class MiniMaxTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
         language_boost: Language boost string for multilingual support.
     """
 
-    stream: bool | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     speed: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     volume: float | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
     pitch: int | None | _NotGiven = field(default_factory=lambda: NOT_GIVEN)
@@ -189,6 +187,7 @@ class MiniMaxHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         voice_id: Optional[str] = None,
         aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
         sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
+        stream: bool = True,
         params: Optional[InputParams] = None,
         settings: Optional[MiniMaxTTSSettings] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -217,6 +216,7 @@ class MiniMaxHttpTTSService(TTSService):
 
             aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession for API communication.
             sample_rate: Output audio sample rate in Hz. If None, uses pipeline default.
+            stream: Whether to use streaming mode. Defaults to True.
             params: Additional configuration parameters.
 
                 .. deprecated:: 0.0.105
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ class MiniMaxHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             model="speech-02-turbo",
             voice="Calm_Woman",
             language=None,
-            stream=True,
             speed=1.0,
             volume=1.0,
             pitch=0,
@@ -311,6 +310,7 @@ class MiniMaxHttpTTSService(TTSService):
 
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._group_id = group_id
+        self._stream = stream
         self._base_url = f"{base_url}?GroupId={group_id}"
         self._session = aiohttp_session
 
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class MiniMaxHttpTTSService(TTSService):
 
         # Create payload from settings
         payload = {
-            "stream": self._settings.stream,
+            "stream": self._stream,
             "voice_setting": voice_setting,
             "audio_setting": audio_setting,
             "model": self._settings.model,

src/pipecat/services/neuphonic/tts.py

@@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     EndFrame,
     ErrorFrame,
     Frame,
-    InterruptionFrame,
     LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
     StartFrame,
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
     TTSSpeakFrame,
-    TTSStartedFrame,
     TTSStoppedFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ def language_to_neuphonic_lang_code(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class NeuphonicTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Neuphonic TTS service.
+    """Settings for NeuphonicTTSService and NeuphonicHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         speed: Speech speed multiplier. Defaults to 1.0.
@@ -487,7 +485,7 @@ class NeuphonicHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         default_settings = NeuphonicTTSSettings(
             model=None,
             voice=None,
-            language=self.language_to_service_language(Language.EN) or "en",
+            language=self.language_to_service_language(Language.EN),
             speed=1.0,
         )
 
@@ -501,9 +499,7 @@ class NeuphonicHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("params", NeuphonicTTSSettings)
             if not settings:
                 if params.language is not None:
-                    default_settings.language = (
+                    default_settings.language = self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
-                        self.language_to_service_language(params.language) or "en"
-                    )
                 if params.speed is not None:
                     default_settings.speed = params.speed
 

src/pipecat/services/nvidia/tts.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 @dataclass
 class NvidiaTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for NVIDIA Riva TTS service.
+    """Settings for NvidiaTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         quality: Audio quality setting (0-100).

src/pipecat/services/openai/tts.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ VALID_VOICES: Dict[str, ValidVoice] = {
 
 @dataclass
 class OpenAITTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for OpenAI TTS service.
+    """Settings for OpenAITTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         instructions: Instructions to guide voice synthesis behavior.

src/pipecat/services/piper/tts.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 @dataclass
 class PiperTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Piper TTS service."""
+    """Settings for PiperTTSService."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class PiperTTSService(TTSService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("voice_id", PiperTTSSettings, "voice")
             default_settings.voice = voice_id
 
-        # 3. No params for this service
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class PiperTTSService(TTSService):
 #
 @dataclass
 class PiperHttpTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Piper HTTP TTS service."""
+    """Settings for PiperHttpTTSService."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ class PiperHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("voice_id", PiperHttpTTSSettings, "voice")
             default_settings.voice = voice_id
 
-        # 3. No params for this service
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:

src/pipecat/services/resembleai/tts.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 @dataclass
 class ResembleAITTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Resemble AI TTS service."""
+    """Settings for ResembleAITTSService."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class ResembleAITTSService(WebsocketTTSService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("voice_id", ResembleAITTSSettings, "voice")
             default_settings.voice = voice_id
 
-        # 3. No params for this service
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
 
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:

src/pipecat/services/rime/tts.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def language_to_rime_language(language: Language) -> str:
 
 @dataclass
 class RimeTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Rime WS JSON and HTTP TTS services.
+    """Settings for RimeTTSService and RimeHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         segment: Text segmentation mode ("immediate", "bySentence", "never").
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class RimeTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
 
 @dataclass
 class RimeNonJsonTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Rime non-JSON WS TTS service.
+    """Settings for RimeNonJsonTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         segment: Text segmentation mode ("immediate", "bySentence", "never").

src/pipecat/services/sarvam/stt.py

@@ -400,12 +400,13 @@ class SarvamSTTService(STTService):
 
         changed = await super()._update_settings(delta)
 
-        # Prompt is a WebSocket connect-time parameter; reconnect to apply.
+        # Language and prompt are WebSocket connect-time parameters; reconnect to apply.
-        if "prompt" in changed:
+        reconnect_fields = {"language", "prompt"}
+        if changed.keys() & reconnect_fields:
             await self._disconnect()
             await self._connect()
 
-        unhandled = {k: v for k, v in changed.items() if k != "prompt"}
+        unhandled = {k: v for k, v in changed.items() if k not in reconnect_fields}
         if unhandled:
             self._warn_unhandled_updated_settings(unhandled)
 
@@ -483,7 +484,6 @@ class SarvamSTTService(STTService):
             Frame: None (transcription results come via WebSocket callbacks).
         """
         if not self._socket_client:
-            logger.warning("WebSocket not connected, cannot process audio")
             yield None
             return
 
@@ -636,18 +636,22 @@ class SarvamSTTService(STTService):
             await self.cancel_task(self._receive_task)
             self._receive_task = None
 
-        if self._websocket_context and self._socket_client:
+        # Clear references first to prevent run_stt from sending audio
+        # during the close handshake.
+        socket_client = self._socket_client
+        websocket_context = self._websocket_context
+        self._socket_client = None
+        self._websocket_context = None
+
+        if websocket_context and socket_client:
             try:
-                # Exit the async context manager
+                await websocket_context.__aexit__(None, None, None)
-                await self._websocket_context.__aexit__(None, None, None)
             except Exception as e:
                 await self.push_error(
                     error_msg=f"Error closing WebSocket connection: {e}", exception=e
                 )
             finally:
                 logger.debug("Disconnected from Sarvam WebSocket")
-                self._socket_client = None
-                self._websocket_context = None
 
     async def _receive_task_handler(self):
         """Handle incoming messages from Sarvam WebSocket.

src/pipecat/services/sarvam/tts.py

@@ -53,11 +53,9 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     EndFrame,
     ErrorFrame,
     Frame,
-    InterruptionFrame,
     LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
     StartFrame,
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
-    TTSStartedFrame,
     TTSStoppedFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
@@ -230,16 +228,27 @@ def language_to_sarvam_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
     """
     LANGUAGE_MAP = {
         Language.BN: "bn-IN",  # Bengali
+        Language.BN_IN: "bn-IN",
         Language.EN: "en-IN",  # English (India)
+        Language.EN_IN: "en-IN",
         Language.GU: "gu-IN",  # Gujarati
+        Language.GU_IN: "gu-IN",
         Language.HI: "hi-IN",  # Hindi
+        Language.HI_IN: "hi-IN",
         Language.KN: "kn-IN",  # Kannada
+        Language.KN_IN: "kn-IN",
         Language.ML: "ml-IN",  # Malayalam
+        Language.ML_IN: "ml-IN",
         Language.MR: "mr-IN",  # Marathi
+        Language.MR_IN: "mr-IN",
         Language.OR: "od-IN",  # Odia
+        Language.OR_IN: "od-IN",
         Language.PA: "pa-IN",  # Punjabi
+        Language.PA_IN: "pa-IN",
         Language.TA: "ta-IN",  # Tamil
+        Language.TA_IN: "ta-IN",
         Language.TE: "te-IN",  # Telugu
+        Language.TE_IN: "te-IN",
     }
 
     return resolve_language(language, LANGUAGE_MAP, use_base_code=False)
@@ -247,7 +256,7 @@ def language_to_sarvam_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class SarvamHttpTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Sarvam HTTP TTS service.
+    """Settings for SarvamHttpTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         enable_preprocessing: Whether to enable text preprocessing. Defaults to False.
@@ -273,7 +282,7 @@ class SarvamHttpTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
 
 @dataclass
 class SarvamTTSSettings(SarvamHttpTTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Sarvam WebSocket TTS service.
+    """Settings for SarvamTTSService.
 
     Extends :class:`SarvamHttpTTSSettings` with WebSocket-specific buffering parameters.
 
@@ -481,6 +490,10 @@ class SarvamHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         if settings is not None:
             default_settings.apply_update(settings)
 
+        # Convert Language enum to service-specific string
+        if isinstance(default_settings.language, Language):
+            default_settings.language = self.language_to_service_language(default_settings.language)
+
         # Get model configuration (validates model exists)
         resolved_model = default_settings.model
         if resolved_model not in TTS_MODEL_CONFIGS:
@@ -900,6 +913,10 @@ class SarvamTTSService(InterruptibleTTSService):
         if settings is not None:
             default_settings.apply_update(settings)
 
+        # Convert Language enum to service-specific string
+        if isinstance(default_settings.language, Language):
+            default_settings.language = self.language_to_service_language(default_settings.language)
+
         # Get model configuration (validates model exists)
         resolved_model = default_settings.model
         if resolved_model not in TTS_MODEL_CONFIGS:

src/pipecat/services/soniox/stt.py

@@ -297,9 +297,7 @@ class SonioxSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         await self._connect()
 
     async def _update_settings(self, delta: SonioxSTTSettings) -> dict[str, Any]:
-        """Apply settings delta.
+        """Apply settings delta and reconnect if anything changed.
-
-        Settings are stored but not applied to the active connection.
 
         Args:
             delta: A settings delta.
@@ -309,15 +307,9 @@ class SonioxSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         """
         changed = await super()._update_settings(delta)
 
-        if not changed:
+        if changed:
-            return changed
+            await self._disconnect()
-
+            await self._connect()
-        # TODO: someday we could reconnect here to apply updated settings.
-        # Code might look something like the below:
-        # await self._disconnect()
-        # await self._connect()
-
-        self._warn_unhandled_updated_settings(changed)
 
         return changed
 

src/pipecat/services/speechmatics/tts.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 @dataclass
 class SpeechmaticsTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for Speechmatics TTS service.
+    """Settings for SpeechmaticsTTSService.
 
     Parameters:
         max_retries: Maximum number of retries for HTTP requests.

src/pipecat/services/xtts/tts.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def language_to_xtts_language(language: Language) -> Optional[str]:
 
 @dataclass
 class XTTSTTSSettings(TTSSettings):
-    """Settings for XTTS TTS service."""
+    """Settings for XTTSService."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ class XTTSService(TTSService):
             _warn_deprecated_param("voice_id", XTTSTTSSettings, "voice")
             default_settings.voice = voice_id
 
+        # 3. (No step 3, as there's no params object to apply)
+
         # 4. Apply settings delta (canonical API, always wins)
         if settings is not None:
             default_settings.apply_update(settings)

tests/test_service_init.py

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ new services are covered automatically with no per-service maintenance.
 import importlib
 import inspect
 import pkgutil
-import warnings
 from dataclasses import fields
 
 import pytest