diff --git a/examples/foundational/trace/001-trace.py b/examples/foundational/trace/001-trace.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b94dd5d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/foundational/trace/001-trace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024–2025, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+import os
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from loguru import logger
+from turn_detector_observer import TurnDetectorObserver
+
+from pipecat.audio.turn.smart_turn.base_smart_turn import SmartTurnParams
+from pipecat.audio.turn.smart_turn.local_smart_turn_v3 import LocalSmartTurnAnalyzerV3
+from pipecat.audio.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
+from pipecat.audio.vad.vad_analyzer import VADParams
+from pipecat.frames.frames import LLMRunFrame
+from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
+from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
+from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_context import LLMContext
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response_universal import LLMContextAggregatorPair
+from pipecat.runner.types import RunnerArguments
+from pipecat.runner.utils import create_transport
+from pipecat.services.cartesia.stt import CartesiaSTTService
+from pipecat.services.cartesia.tts import CartesiaTTSService
+from pipecat.services.elevenlabs.tts import ElevenLabsTTSService
+from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService
+from pipecat.services.openai.stt import OpenAISTTService
+from pipecat.services.openai.tts import OpenAITTSService
+from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
+from pipecat.transports.daily.transport import DailyParams
+from pipecat.transports.websocket.fastapi import FastAPIWebsocketParams
+
+load_dotenv(override=True)
+
+# We store functions so objects (e.g. SileroVADAnalyzer) don't get
+# instantiated. The function will be called when the desired transport gets
+# selected.
+transport_params = {
+    "daily": lambda: DailyParams(
+        audio_in_enabled=True,
+        audio_out_enabled=True,
+        vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=0.2)),
+        turn_analyzer=LocalSmartTurnAnalyzerV3(params=SmartTurnParams()),
+    ),
+    "twilio": lambda: FastAPIWebsocketParams(
+        audio_in_enabled=True,
+        audio_out_enabled=True,
+        vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=0.2)),
+        turn_analyzer=LocalSmartTurnAnalyzerV3(params=SmartTurnParams()),
+    ),
+    "webrtc": lambda: TransportParams(
+        audio_in_enabled=True,
+        audio_out_enabled=True,
+        vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=0.2)),
+        turn_analyzer=LocalSmartTurnAnalyzerV3(params=SmartTurnParams()),
+    ),
+}
+
+
+async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
+    logger.info(f"Starting bot")
+
+    ### STT ###
+    stt = OpenAISTTService(
+        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        model="gpt-4o-transcribe",
+        prompt="Expect normal helpful conversation.",
+    )
+    ### alternative stt - cartesia ###
+    # stt = CartesiaSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"))
+
+    ### LLM ###
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
+
+    ### TTS ###
+    tts = OpenAITTSService(
+        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        voice="ballad",
+        params=OpenAITTSService.InputParams(instructions="Please speak clearly and at a moderate pace."),
+    )
+    ### alternative tts - elevenlabs ###
+    # tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
+    #     api_key=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_API_KEY"),
+    #     voice_id=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID"),
+    #     model="eleven_turbo_v2_5",
+    # )
+    ### alternative tts - cartesia ###
+    # tts = CartesiaTTSService(
+    #     api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+    #     voice_id="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
+    # )
+
+    messages = [
+        {
+            "role": "system",
+            "content": "You are a helpful LLM in a WebRTC call. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. Your output will be converted to audio so don't include special characters in your answers. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way.",
+        },
+    ]
+
+    context = LLMContext(messages)
+    context_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(context)
+
+    ### PIPELINE ###
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
+        [
+            transport.input(),  # Transport user input
+            stt,
+            context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
+            llm,  # LLM
+            tts,  # TTS
+            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+            context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses
+        ]
+    )
+
+    ### TASK ###
+    turn_detector = TurnDetectorObserver()
+
+    task = PipelineTask(
+        pipeline,
+        params=PipelineParams(
+            enable_metrics=True,
+            enable_usage_metrics=True,
+        ),
+        idle_timeout_secs=runner_args.pipeline_idle_timeout_secs,
+        observers=[turn_detector],
+    )
+
+    turn_detector.set_turn_observer_event_handlers(task.turn_tracking_observer)
+
+    @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
+    async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
+        logger.info(f"Client connected")
+        # Kick off the conversation.
+        messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
+        await task.queue_frames([LLMRunFrame()])
+
+    @transport.event_handler("on_client_disconnected")
+    async def on_client_disconnected(transport, client):
+        logger.info(f"Client disconnected")
+        await task.cancel()
+
+    runner = PipelineRunner(handle_sigint=runner_args.handle_sigint)
+
+    await runner.run(task)
+
+
+async def bot(runner_args: RunnerArguments):
+    """Main bot entry point compatible with Pipecat Cloud."""
+    transport = await create_transport(runner_args, transport_params)
+    await run_bot(transport, runner_args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from pipecat.runner.run import main
+
+    main()
diff --git a/examples/foundational/trace/README.md b/examples/foundational/trace/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40bbd4779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/foundational/trace/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+```bash
+uv sync
+uv pip install -e '.[cartesia,daily,elevenlabs,local-smart-turn-v3,openai,runner,webrtc]'
+```
+
+```bash
+python examples/foundational/trace/001-trace.py
+```
+
+- open [http://localhost:7860](http://localhost:7860)
+- click `connect` button in top right
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/foundational/trace/example.env b/examples/foundational/trace/example.env
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69365a0cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/foundational/trace/example.env
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+OPENAI_API_KEY=...
+
+ELEVENLABS_API_KEY=...
+ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID=...
+CARTESIA_API_KEY=...
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/foundational/trace/turn_detector_observer.py b/examples/foundational/trace/turn_detector_observer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6bf58e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/foundational/trace/turn_detector_observer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+import time
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+    BotStartedSpeakingFrame,
+    BotStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+    EndFrame,
+    FunctionCallResultFrame,
+    FunctionCallsStartedFrame,
+    LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
+    LLMFullResponseStartFrame,
+    StartFrame,
+    UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
+    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+)
+from pipecat.observers.base_observer import BaseObserver, FramePushed
+from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
+from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
+from pipecat.services.openai.base_llm import LLMService
+from pipecat.transports.base_output import BaseOutputTransport
+
+
+class TurnDetectorObserver(BaseObserver):
+    """Observer ... of turns."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self._turn_observer = None
+        self._arrow = "→"
+
+        self._turn_number = 1
+        self._endframe_queued = False
+
+    def init(self):
+        """
+        Set ...
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def set_turn_observer_event_handlers(self, turn_observer):
+        self._turn_observer = turn_observer
+        self.set_turn_observer_event_handlers(self._turn_observer)
+
+    def get_turn_observer(self):
+        return self._turn_observer
+
+    def set_turn_observer_event_handlers(self, turn_observer):
+        """Sets the Turn Observer event handlers `on_turn_started` and `on_turn_ended`.
+
+        Args:
+            turn_observer: The turn tracking observer of the pipeline task
+        """
+
+        @turn_observer.event_handler("on_turn_started")
+        async def on_turn_started(observer, turn_number):
+            self._turn_number = turn_number
+            current_time = time.time()
+            logger.info(f"🔄 Turn {turn_number} started")
+
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+            # code to start conversation turn here
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+
+        @turn_observer.event_handler("on_turn_ended")
+        async def on_turn_ended(observer, turn_number, duration, was_interrupted):
+            current_time = time.time()
+
+            if was_interrupted:
+                logger.info(f"🔄 Turn {turn_number} interrupted after {duration:.2f}s")
+            else:
+                logger.info(f"🏁 Turn {turn_number} completed in {duration:.2f}s")
+
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+            # code to end conversation turn here
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+            # 🫆🫆🫆🫆
+
+    ########
+    # everything past here isn't needed, just nice to have logging
+    ########
+    async def on_push_frame(self, data: FramePushed):
+        """Runs when any frame is pushed through pipeline.
+        Determines based on what type of frame and where it came from
+        what metrics to update.
+
+        Args:
+            data: the pushed frame
+        """
+        src = data.source
+        dst = data.destination
+        frame = data.frame
+        direction = data.direction
+        timestamp = data.timestamp
+
+        # Convert timestamp to milliseconds for readability
+        time_sec = timestamp / 1_000_000
+        # Convert timestamp to seconds for readability
+        # time_sec = timestamp / 1_000_000_000
+
+        # only log downstream frames
+        if direction == FrameDirection.UPSTREAM:
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(src, Pipeline) or isinstance(dst, Pipeline):
+            if isinstance(frame, StartFrame):
+                self._handle_StartFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+            elif isinstance(frame, EndFrame):
+                self._handle_EndFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+
+        if isinstance(src, BaseOutputTransport):
+            if isinstance(frame, BotStartedSpeakingFrame):
+                self._handle_BotStartedSpeakingFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+            elif isinstance(frame, BotStoppedSpeakingFrame):
+                self._handle_BotStoppedSpeakingFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+
+            elif isinstance(frame, UserStartedSpeakingFrame):
+                self._handle_UserStartedSpeakingFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+            elif isinstance(frame, UserStoppedSpeakingFrame):
+                self._handle_UserStoppedSpeakingFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+
+        if isinstance(src, LLMService):
+            if isinstance(frame, LLMFullResponseStartFrame):
+                self._handle_LLMFullResponseStartFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+            elif isinstance(frame, LLMFullResponseEndFrame):
+                self._handle_LLMFullResponseEndFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+            elif isinstance(frame, FunctionCallsStartedFrame):
+                self._handle_FunctionCallsStartedFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+            elif isinstance(frame, FunctionCallResultFrame):
+                self._handle_FunctionCallResultFrame(src, dst, frame, time_sec)
+
+    # ------------ FRAME HANDLERS ------------
+
+    def _handle_StartFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        if isinstance(dst, Pipeline):
+            logger.info(f"🟢🟢🟢 StartFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_EndFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        if isinstance(dst, Pipeline):
+            logger.info(f"Queueing 🔴🔴🔴 EndFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+            self._endframe_queued = True
+
+        if isinstance(src, Pipeline):
+            logger.info(f"🔴🔴🔴 EndFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+            current_time = time.time()
+            end_state_info = {
+                "turn_number": self._turn_number,
+            }
+
+    def _handle_BotStartedSpeakingFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(f"🤖🟢 BotStartedSpeakingFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_BotStoppedSpeakingFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(f"🤖🔴 BotStoppedSpeakingFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_LLMFullResponseStartFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(f"🧠🟢 LLMFullResponseStartFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_LLMFullResponseEndFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(f"🧠🔴 LLMFullResponseEndFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_UserStartedSpeakingFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(f"🙂🟢 UserStartedSpeakingFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_UserStoppedSpeakingFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(f"🙂🔴 UserStoppedSpeakingFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s")
+
+    def _handle_FunctionCallsStartedFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(
+            f"📐🟢 {frame.function_calls[0].function_name} FunctionCallsStartedFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s"
+        )
+
+    def _handle_FunctionCallResultFrame(self, src, dst, frame, time_sec):
+        logger.info(
+            f"📐🔴 {frame.function_name} FunctionCallResultFrame: {src} {self._arrow} {dst} at {time_sec:.2f}s"
+        )