turns: add external user and bot turn start strategies

External strategies are strategies where the logic for user turn start and turn
end come from a different processors (e.g. an STT).

changelog/3045.added.md

@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
     - VADUserTurnStartStrategy
     - TranscriptionUserTurnStartStrategy
     - MinWordsUserTurnStartStrategy
+    - ExternalUserTurnStartStrategy
 
   Available bot turn start strategies:
     - TranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy
     - TurnAnalyzerBotTurnStartStrategy
+    - ExternalBotTurnStartStrategy
 
   The default strategies are:
 

examples/foundational/07a-interruptible-speechmatics-vad.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from pipecat.transcriptions.language import Language
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
 from pipecat.transports.daily.transport import DailyParams
 from pipecat.transports.websocket.fastapi import FastAPIWebsocketParams
+from pipecat.turns.turn_start_strategies import ExternalTurnStartStrategies
 
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
@@ -132,7 +133,9 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
         context = LLMContext(messages)
         context_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(
             context,
-            user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(enable_user_speaking_frames=False),
+            user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(
+                turn_start_strategies=ExternalTurnStartStrategies()
+            ),
         )
 
         pipeline = Pipeline(

examples/foundational/07c-interruptible-deepgram-flux.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
 from pipecat.transports.daily.transport import DailyParams
 from pipecat.transports.websocket.fastapi import FastAPIWebsocketParams
+from pipecat.turns.turn_start_strategies import ExternalTurnStartStrategies
 
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
@@ -71,7 +72,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     context = LLMContext(messages)
     context_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(
-        context, user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(enable_user_speaking_frames=False)
+        context,
+        user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(turn_start_strategies=ExternalTurnStartStrategies()),
     )
 
     pipeline = Pipeline(

examples/foundational/07c-interruptible-deepgram-vad.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from pipecat.services.openai.llm import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
 from pipecat.transports.daily.transport import DailyParams
 from pipecat.transports.websocket.fastapi import FastAPIWebsocketParams
+from pipecat.turns.turn_start_strategies import ExternalTurnStartStrategies
 
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     context = LLMContext(messages)
     context_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(
         context,
-        user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(enable_user_speaking_frames=False),
+        user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(turn_start_strategies=ExternalTurnStartStrategies()),
     )
 
     pipeline = Pipeline(

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/llm_response.py

@@ -81,16 +81,11 @@ class LLMUserAggregatorParams:
         enable_emulated_vad_interruptions: When True, allows emulated VAD events
             to interrupt the bot when it's speaking. When False, emulated speech
             is ignored while the bot is speaking.
-        enable_user_speaking_frames: [DO NOT USE] added for temporary backwards
-            compatibility.
-
     """
 
     aggregation_timeout: float = 0.5
     turn_emulated_vad_timeout: float = 0.8
     enable_emulated_vad_interruptions: bool = False
-    # Added for backwards compatibility.
-    enable_user_speaking_frames: bool = True
 
 
 @dataclass

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/llm_response_universal.py

@@ -76,18 +76,12 @@ class LLMUserAggregatorParams:
     """Parameters for configuring LLM user aggregation behavior.
 
     Parameters:
-        enable_user_speaking_frames: If True, the aggregator will emit frames
-            indicating when the user starts and stops speaking, as well as
-            interruption frames. This is enabled by default, but you may want
-            to disable it if another component (e.g., an STT service) is already
-            generating these frames.
         turn_start_strategies: User and bot turn start strategies.
         user_mute_strategies: List of user mute strategies.
         user_turn_end_timeout: Time in seconds to wait before considering the
             user's turn finished and starting the bot turn.
     """
 
-    enable_user_speaking_frames: bool = True
     turn_start_strategies: Optional[TurnStartStrategies] = None
     user_mute_strategies: List[BaseUserMuteStrategy] = field(default_factory=list)
     user_turn_end_timeout: float = 5.0
@@ -507,11 +501,25 @@ class LLMUserAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
             )
         )
 
-    async def _on_user_turn_started(self, strategy: BaseUserTurnStartStrategy):
+    async def _on_user_turn_started(
-        await self._trigger_user_turn_start(strategy)
+        self,
+        strategy: BaseUserTurnStartStrategy,
+        enable_user_speaking_frames: bool,
+    ):
+        await self._trigger_user_turn_start(
+            strategy,
+            enable_user_speaking_frames=enable_user_speaking_frames,
+        )
 
-    async def _on_bot_turn_started(self, strategy: BaseBotTurnStartStrategy):
+    async def _on_bot_turn_started(
-        await self._trigger_bot_turn_start(strategy)
+        self,
+        strategy: BaseBotTurnStartStrategy,
+        enable_user_speaking_frames: bool,
+    ):
+        await self._trigger_bot_turn_start(
+            strategy,
+            enable_user_speaking_frames=enable_user_speaking_frames,
+        )
 
     async def _on_push_frame(
         self,
@@ -529,11 +537,18 @@ class LLMUserAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
     ):
         await self.broadcast_frame(frame_cls, **kwargs)
 
-    async def _trigger_user_turn_start(self, strategy: Optional[BaseUserTurnStartStrategy]):
+    async def _trigger_user_turn_start(
+        self,
+        strategy: Optional[BaseUserTurnStartStrategy],
+        *,
+        enable_user_speaking_frames: bool,
+    ):
         # Prevent two consecutive user turn starts.
         if self._user_turn:
             return
 
+        logger.debug(f"User started speaking (user turn start strategy: {strategy})")
+
         self._user_turn = True
         self._user_turn_end_timeout_event.set()
 
@@ -542,19 +557,25 @@ class LLMUserAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
             for s in self._turn_start_strategies.user:
                 await s.reset()
 
-        if self._params.enable_user_speaking_frames:
+        if enable_user_speaking_frames:
-            logger.debug(f"User started speaking (user turn start strategy: {strategy})")
             # TODO(aleix): These frames should really come from the top of the pipeline.
             await self.broadcast_frame(UserStartedSpeakingFrame)
             await self.broadcast_frame(InterruptionFrame)
 
         await self._call_event_handler("on_user_turn_started", strategy)
 
-    async def _trigger_bot_turn_start(self, strategy: Optional[BaseBotTurnStartStrategy]):
+    async def _trigger_bot_turn_start(
+        self,
+        strategy: Optional[BaseBotTurnStartStrategy],
+        *,
+        enable_user_speaking_frames: bool,
+    ):
         # Prevent two consecutive bot turn starts.
         if not self._user_turn:
             return
 
+        logger.debug(f"User stopped speaking (bot turn start strategy: {strategy})")
+
         self._user_turn = False
         self._user_turn_end_timeout_event.set()
 
@@ -563,8 +584,7 @@ class LLMUserAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
             for s in self._turn_start_strategies.bot:
                 await s.reset()
 
-        if self._params.enable_user_speaking_frames:
+        if enable_user_speaking_frames:
-            logger.debug(f"User stopped speaking (bot turn start strategy: {strategy})")
             # TODO(aleix): This frame should really come from the top of the pipeline.
             await self.broadcast_frame(UserStoppedSpeakingFrame)
 
@@ -584,7 +604,7 @@ class LLMUserAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
             except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                 if self._user_turn and not self._vad_user_speaking:
                     await self._call_event_handler("on_user_turn_end_timeout")
-                    await self._trigger_bot_turn_start(None)
+                    await self._trigger_bot_turn_start(None, enable_user_speaking_frames=True)
 
 
 class LLMAssistantAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):

src/pipecat/turns/bot/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 from pipecat.turns.bot.base_bot_turn_start_strategy import BaseBotTurnStartStrategy
+from pipecat.turns.bot.external_bot_turn_start_strategy import ExternalBotTurnStartStrategy
 from pipecat.turns.bot.transcription_bot_turn_start_strategy import (
     TranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy,
 )

src/pipecat/turns/bot/base_bot_turn_start_strategy.py

@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ class BaseBotTurnStartStrategy(BaseObject):
         """
         await self._call_event_handler("on_broadcast_frame", frame_cls, **kwargs)
 
-    async def trigger_bot_turn_started(self):
+    async def trigger_bot_turn_started(self, *, enable_user_speaking_frames: bool = True):
-        """Trigger the `on_bot_turn_started` event."""
+        """Trigger the `on_bot_turn_started` event.
-        await self._call_event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
+
+        Args:
+            enable_user_speaking_frames: If True, the aggregator will emit frames
+                indicating when the user stops speaking. This is enabled by default,
+                but you may want to disable it if another component (e.g., an STT
+                service) is already generating these frames.
+        """
+        await self._call_event_handler("on_bot_turn_started", enable_user_speaking_frames)

src/pipecat/turns/bot/external_bot_turn_start_strategy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024–2025, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+"""Bot turn start strategy triggered by externally emitted frames."""
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+    Frame,
+    InterimTranscriptionFrame,
+    TranscriptionFrame,
+    UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
+    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+)
+from pipecat.turns.bot.base_bot_turn_start_strategy import BaseBotTurnStartStrategy
+from pipecat.utils.asyncio.task_manager import BaseTaskManager
+
+
+class ExternalBotTurnStartStrategy(BaseBotTurnStartStrategy):
+    """Bot turn start strategy controlled by an external processor.
+
+    This strategy does not determine when a user turn ends on its own, it relies
+    on a different processor in the pipeline which is responsible for emitting
+    `UserStoppedSpeakingFrame` frames.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *, timeout: float = 0.5):
+        """Initialize the transcription-based bot turn start strategy.
+
+        Args:
+            timeout: A short delay used internally to handle consecutive or
+                slightly delayed transcriptions.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self._timeout = timeout
+        self._text = ""
+        self._user_speaking = False
+        self._seen_interim_results = False
+        self._event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
+
+    async def reset(self):
+        """Reset the strategy to its initial state."""
+        await super().reset()
+        self._text = ""
+        self._user_speaking = False
+        self._seen_interim_results = False
+        self._event.clear()
+
+    async def setup(self, task_manager: BaseTaskManager):
+        """Initialize the strategy with the given task manager.
+
+        Args:
+            task_manager: The task manager to be associated with this instance.
+        """
+        await super().setup(task_manager)
+        self._task = task_manager.create_task(self._task_handler(), f"{self}::_task_handler")
+
+    async def cleanup(self):
+        """Cleanup the strategy."""
+        await super().cleanup()
+        if self._task:
+            await self.task_manager.cancel_task(self._task)
+            self._task = None
+
+    async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame):
+        """Process an incoming frame to update strategy state.
+
+        Updates internal transcription text and VAD state. The bot turn will be
+        triggered when appropriate based on the collected frames.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: The frame to be analyzed.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(frame, UserStartedSpeakingFrame):
+            await self._handle_user_started_speaking(frame)
+        elif isinstance(frame, UserStoppedSpeakingFrame):
+            await self._handle_user_stopped_speaking(frame)
+        elif isinstance(frame, InterimTranscriptionFrame):
+            await self._handle_interim_transcription(frame)
+        elif isinstance(frame, TranscriptionFrame):
+            await self._handle_transcription(frame)
+
+    async def _handle_user_started_speaking(self, _: UserStartedSpeakingFrame):
+        """Handle when the external service indicates the user is speaking."""
+        self._user_speaking = True
+
+    async def _handle_user_stopped_speaking(self, _: UserStoppedSpeakingFrame):
+        """Handle when the external service indicates the user has stopped speaking."""
+        self._user_speaking = False
+        await self._maybe_trigger_bot_turn_started()
+
+    async def _handle_interim_transcription(self, frame: InterimTranscriptionFrame):
+        self._seen_interim_results = True
+
+    async def _handle_transcription(self, frame: TranscriptionFrame):
+        """Handle user transcription."""
+        self._text += frame.text
+        # We just got a final result, so let's reset interim results.
+        self._seen_interim_results = False
+        # Reset aggregation timer.
+        self._event.set()
+
+    async def _task_handler(self):
+        """Asynchronously monitor transcriptions and trigger bot turn when ready.
+
+        If transcription text exists and the user is not currently speaking,
+        triggers the bot turn. Handles multiple or delayed transcriptions
+        gracefully.
+
+        """
+        while True:
+            try:
+                await asyncio.wait_for(self._event.wait(), timeout=self._timeout)
+                self._event.clear()
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                await self._maybe_trigger_bot_turn_started()
+
+    async def _maybe_trigger_bot_turn_started(self):
+        if not self._user_speaking and not self._seen_interim_results and self._text:
+            await self.trigger_bot_turn_started(enable_user_speaking_frames=False)

src/pipecat/turns/turn_start_strategies.py

@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@ from typing import List, Optional
 
 from pipecat.turns.bot import (
     BaseBotTurnStartStrategy,
+    ExternalBotTurnStartStrategy,
     TranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy,
 )
 from pipecat.turns.user import (
     BaseUserTurnStartStrategy,
+    ExternalUserTurnStartStrategy,
     TranscriptionUserTurnStartStrategy,
     VADUserTurnStartStrategy,
 )
@@ -49,3 +51,25 @@ class TurnStartStrategies:
             self.user = [VADUserTurnStartStrategy(), TranscriptionUserTurnStartStrategy()]
         if not self.bot:
             self.bot = [TranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy()]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExternalTurnStartStrategies(TurnStartStrategies):
+    """Default container for external user and bot turn start strategies.
+
+    This class provides a convenience default for configuring external turn
+    control. It preconfigures `TurnStartStrategies` with
+    `ExternalUserTurnStartStrategy` and `ExternalBotTurnStartStrategy`, allowing
+    external processors (such as services) to control when user and bot turns
+    start.
+
+    When using this container, the user aggregator does not push
+    `UserStartedSpeakingFrame` or `UserStoppedSpeakingFrame` frames, and does
+    not generate interruptions. These signals are expected to be provided by an
+    external processor.
+
+    """
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        self.user = [ExternalUserTurnStartStrategy()]
+        self.bot = [ExternalBotTurnStartStrategy()]

src/pipecat/turns/user/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 from pipecat.turns.user.base_user_turn_start_strategy import BaseUserTurnStartStrategy
+from pipecat.turns.user.external_user_turn_start_strategy import ExternalUserTurnStartStrategy
 from pipecat.turns.user.min_words_user_turn_start_strategy import MinWordsUserTurnStartStrategy
 from pipecat.turns.user.transcription_user_turn_start_strategy import (
     TranscriptionUserTurnStartStrategy,

src/pipecat/turns/user/base_user_turn_start_strategy.py

@@ -88,6 +88,15 @@ class BaseUserTurnStartStrategy(BaseObject):
         """
         await self._call_event_handler("on_broadcast_frame", frame_cls, **kwargs)
 
-    async def trigger_user_turn_started(self):
+    async def trigger_user_turn_started(self, *, enable_user_speaking_frames: bool = True):
-        """Trigger the `on_user_turn_started` event."""
+        """Trigger the `on_user_turn_started` event.
-        await self._call_event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
+
+        Args:
+            enable_user_speaking_frames: If True, the aggregator will emit frames
+                indicating when the user starts speaking, as well as interruption
+                frames. This is enabled by default, but you may want to disable it
+                if another component (e.g., an STT service) is already generating
+                these frames.
+            **kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed to the frame's constructor.
+        """
+        await self._call_event_handler("on_user_turn_started", enable_user_speaking_frames)

src/pipecat/turns/user/external_user_turn_start_strategy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024–2025, Daily
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
+#
+
+"""User turn start strategy triggered by externally emitted frames."""
+
+from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame, UserStartedSpeakingFrame
+from pipecat.turns.user.base_user_turn_start_strategy import BaseUserTurnStartStrategy
+
+
+class ExternalUserTurnStartStrategy(BaseUserTurnStartStrategy):
+    """User turn start strategy controlled by an external processor.
+
+    This strategy does not determine when a user turn starts on its own, instead
+    it relies on a different processor in the pipeline which is responsible for
+    emitting `UserStartedSpeakingFrame` frames.
+
+    """
+
+    async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame):
+        """Process an incoming frame to detect user turn start.
+
+        Args:
+            frame: The frame to be analyzed.
+        """
+        await super().process_frame(frame)
+
+        if isinstance(frame, UserStartedSpeakingFrame):
+            await self.trigger_user_turn_started(enable_user_speaking_frames=False)

tests/test_bot_turn_start_strategy.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionBotTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_bot_turn_started")
-        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_bot_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 

tests/test_user_turn_start_strategy.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class TestMinWordsInterruptionStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class TestMinWordsInterruptionStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class TestMinWordsInterruptionStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class TestMinWordsInterruptionStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class TestMinWordsInterruptionStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class TestVADUserTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class TestTranscriptionUserTurnStartStrategy(unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase):
         should_start = None
 
         @strategy.event_handler("on_user_turn_started")
-        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy):
+        async def on_user_turn_started(strategy, enable_user_speaking_frames):
             nonlocal should_start
             should_start = True