Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/main'

.github/workflows/format.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: lint
+name: format
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ on:
       - "docs/**"
 
 concurrency:
-  group: build-lint-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  group: build-format-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
-  autopep8:
+  ruff-format:
-    name: "Formatting lints"
+    name: "Formatting checker"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repo
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Setup virtual environment
         run: |
           python -m venv .venv
@@ -34,11 +34,8 @@ jobs:
           source .venv/bin/activate
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install -r dev-requirements.txt
-      - name: autopep8
+      - name: Ruff formatter
-        id: autopep8
+        id: ruff
         run: |
           source .venv/bin/activate
-          autopep8 --max-line-length 100 --exit-code -r -d --exclude "*_pb2.py" -a -a src/
+          ruff format --config line-length=100 --diff --exclude "*_pb2.py"
-      - name: Fail if autopep8 requires changes
-        if: steps.autopep8.outputs.exit-code == 2
-        run: exit 1

.github/workflows/tests.yaml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           source .venv/bin/activate
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          pip install -r test-requirements.txt
+          pip install -r dev-requirements.txt -r test-requirements.txt
       - name: Test with pytest
         run: |
           source .venv/bin/activate

README.md

@@ -170,22 +170,24 @@ pytest --doctest-modules --ignore-glob="*to_be_updated*" --ignore-glob=*pipeline
 
 ## Setting up your editor
 
-This project uses strict [PEP 8](https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/) formatting.
+This project uses strict [PEP 8](https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/) formatting via [Ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff).
 
 ### Emacs
 
-You can use [use-package](https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package) to install [py-autopep8](https://codeberg.org/ideasman42/emacs-py-autopep8) package and configure `autopep8` arguments:
+You can use [use-package](https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package) to install [emacs-lazy-ruff](https://github.com/christophermadsen/emacs-lazy-ruff) package and configure `ruff` arguments:
 
 ```elisp
-(use-package py-autopep8
+(use-package lazy-ruff
   :ensure t
-  :defer t
+  :hook ((python-mode . lazy-ruff-mode))
-  :hook ((python-mode . py-autopep8-mode))
   :config
-  (setq py-autopep8-options '("-a" "-a", "--max-line-length=100")))
+  (setq lazy-ruff-format-command "ruff format --config line-length=100")
+  (setq lazy-ruff-only-format-block t)
+  (setq lazy-ruff-only-format-region t)
+  (setq lazy-ruff-only-format-buffer t))
 ```
 
-`autopep8` was installed in the `venv` environment described before, so you should be able to use [pyvenv-auto](https://github.com/ryotaro612/pyvenv-auto) to automatically load that environment inside Emacs.
+`ruff` was installed in the `venv` environment described before, so you should be able to use [pyvenv-auto](https://github.com/ryotaro612/pyvenv-auto) to automatically load that environment inside Emacs.
 
 ```elisp
 (use-package pyvenv-auto
@@ -198,18 +200,14 @@ You can use [use-package](https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package) to install [p
 ### Visual Studio Code
 
 Install the
-[autopep8](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.autopep8) extension. Then edit the user settings (_Ctrl-Shift-P_ `Open User Settings (JSON)`) and set it as the default Python formatter, enable formatting on save and configure `autopep8` arguments:
+[Ruff](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=charliermarsh.ruff) extension. Then edit the user settings (_Ctrl-Shift-P_ `Open User Settings (JSON)`) and set it as the default Python formatter, enable formatting on save and configure `ruff` arguments:
 
 ```json
 "[python]": {
-    "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.autopep8",
+    "editor.defaultFormatter": "charliermarsh.ruff",
     "editor.formatOnSave": true
 },
-"autopep8.args": [
+"ruff.format.args": ["--config", "line-length=100"]
-    "-a",
-    "-a",
-    "--max-line-length=100"
-],
 ```
 
 ## Getting help

dev-requirements.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-autopep8~=2.3.1
 build~=1.2.1
 grpcio-tools~=1.62.2
 pip-tools~=7.4.1
 pyright~=1.1.376
 pytest~=8.3.2
+ruff~=0.6.7
 setuptools~=72.2.0
 setuptools_scm~=8.1.0

examples/deployment/flyio-example/bot.py

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import argparse
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
-from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.frames.frames import LLMMessagesFrame, EndFrame
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.services.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsTTSService
@@ -16,6 +19,7 @@ from pipecat.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str):
             vad_enabled=True,
             vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
             transcription_enabled=True,
-        )
+        ),
     )
 
     tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
@@ -47,9 +51,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str):
         voice_id=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID", ""),
     )
 
-    llm = OpenAILLMService(
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-        model="gpt-4o")
 
     messages = [
         {
@@ -61,14 +63,16 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str):
     tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
     tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-    pipeline = Pipeline([
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
-        transport.input(),
+        [
-        tma_in,
+            transport.input(),
-        llm,
+            tma_in,
-        tts,
+            llm,
-        transport.output(),
+            tts,
-        tma_out,
+            transport.output(),
-    ])
+            tma_out,
+        ]
+    )
 
     task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 

examples/deployment/flyio-example/bot_runner.py

@@ -16,9 +16,14 @@ from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 
 from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import (
-    DailyRESTHelper, DailyRoomObject, DailyRoomProperties, DailyRoomParams)
+    DailyRESTHelper,
+    DailyRoomObject,
+    DailyRoomProperties,
+    DailyRoomParams,
+)
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 
@@ -26,37 +31,37 @@ load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 MAX_SESSION_TIME = 5 * 60  # 5 minutes
 REQUIRED_ENV_VARS = [
-    'DAILY_API_KEY',
+    "DAILY_API_KEY",
-    'OPENAI_API_KEY',
+    "OPENAI_API_KEY",
-    'ELEVENLABS_API_KEY',
+    "ELEVENLABS_API_KEY",
-    'ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID',
+    "ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID",
-    'FLY_API_KEY',
+    "FLY_API_KEY",
-    'FLY_APP_NAME',]
+    "FLY_APP_NAME",
+]
 
 FLY_API_HOST = os.getenv("FLY_API_HOST", "https://api.machines.dev/v1")
 FLY_APP_NAME = os.getenv("FLY_APP_NAME", "pipecat-fly-example")
 FLY_API_KEY = os.getenv("FLY_API_KEY", "")
-FLY_HEADERS = {
+FLY_HEADERS = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {FLY_API_KEY}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
-    'Authorization': f"Bearer {FLY_API_KEY}",
-    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
-}
 
 daily_helpers = {}
 
 
 # ----------------- API ----------------- #
 
+
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ app.add_middleware(
     allow_origins=["*"],
     allow_credentials=True,
     allow_methods=["*"],
-    allow_headers=["*"]
+    allow_headers=["*"],
 )
 
 # ----------------- Main ----------------- #
@@ -73,13 +78,15 @@ app.add_middleware(
 async def spawn_fly_machine(room_url: str, token: str):
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         # Use the same image as the bot runner
-        async with session.get(f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS) as r:
+        async with session.get(
+            f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS
+        ) as r:
             if r.status != 200:
                 text = await r.text()
                 raise Exception(f"Unable to get machine info from Fly: {text}")
 
             data = await r.json()
-            image = data[0]['config']['image']
+            image = data[0]["config"]["image"]
 
         # Machine configuration
         cmd = f"python3 bot.py -u {room_url} -t {token}"
@@ -88,31 +95,28 @@ async def spawn_fly_machine(room_url: str, token: str):
             "config": {
                 "image": image,
                 "auto_destroy": True,
-                "init": {
+                "init": {"cmd": cmd},
-                    "cmd": cmd
+                "restart": {"policy": "no"},
-                },
+                "guest": {"cpu_kind": "shared", "cpus": 1, "memory_mb": 1024},
-                "restart": {
-                    "policy": "no"
-                },
-                "guest": {
-                    "cpu_kind": "shared",
-                    "cpus": 1,
-                    "memory_mb": 1024
-                }
             },
         }
 
         # Spawn a new machine instance
-        async with session.post(f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS, json=worker_props) as r:
+        async with session.post(
+            f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS, json=worker_props
+        ) as r:
             if r.status != 200:
                 text = await r.text()
                 raise Exception(f"Problem starting a bot worker: {text}")
 
             data = await r.json()
             # Wait for the machine to enter the started state
-            vm_id = data['id']
+            vm_id = data["id"]
 
-        async with session.get(f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines/{vm_id}/wait?state=started", headers=FLY_HEADERS) as r:
+        async with session.get(
+            f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines/{vm_id}/wait?state=started",
+            headers=FLY_HEADERS,
+        ) as r:
             if r.status != 200:
                 text = await r.text()
                 raise Exception(f"Bot was unable to enter started state: {text}")
@@ -134,29 +138,23 @@ async def start_bot(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
     room_url = os.getenv("DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL", "")
 
     if not room_url:
-        params = DailyRoomParams(
+        params = DailyRoomParams(properties=DailyRoomProperties())
-            properties=DailyRoomProperties()
-        )
         try:
             room: DailyRoomObject = await daily_helpers["rest"].create_room(params=params)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Unable to provision room {e}")
-                status_code=500,
-                detail=f"Unable to provision room {e}")
     else:
         # Check passed room URL exists, we should assume that it already has a sip set up
         try:
             room: DailyRoomObject = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_room_from_url(room_url)
         except Exception:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Room not found: {room_url}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Room not found: {room_url}")
 
     # Give the agent a token to join the session
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url, MAX_SESSION_TIME)
 
     if not room or not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room_url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room_url}")
 
     # Launch a new fly.io machine, or run as a shell process (not recommended)
     run_as_process = os.getenv("RUN_AS_PROCESS", False)
@@ -167,24 +165,26 @@ async def start_bot(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
                 [f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"],
                 shell=True,
                 bufsize=1,
-                cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+                cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
+            )
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
     else:
         try:
             await spawn_fly_machine(room.url, token)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to spawn VM: {e}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to spawn VM: {e}")
 
     # Grab a token for the user to join with
     user_token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url, MAX_SESSION_TIME)
 
-    return JSONResponse({
+    return JSONResponse(
-        "room_url": room.url,
+        {
-        "token": user_token,
+            "room_url": room.url,
-    })
+            "token": user_token,
+        }
+    )
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Check environment variables
@@ -193,23 +193,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             raise Exception(f"Missing environment variable: {env_var}.")
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pipecat Bot Runner")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        default=os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0"), help="Host address")
+        "--host", type=str, default=os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0"), help="Host address"
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
+    )
-                        default=os.getenv("PORT", 7860), help="Port number")
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=os.getenv("PORT", 7860), help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        default=False, help="Reload code on change")
+        "--reload", action="store_true", default=False, help="Reload code on change"
+    )
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
 
     try:
         import uvicorn
 
-        uvicorn.run(
+        uvicorn.run("bot_runner:app", host=config.host, port=config.port, reload=config.reload)
-            "bot_runner:app",
-            host=config.host,
-            port=config.port,
-            reload=config.reload
-        )
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print("Pipecat runner shutting down...")

examples/dialin-chatbot/bot_daily.py

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import argparse
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
-from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
-    LLMMessagesFrame,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
-    EndFrame
 )
+from pipecat.frames.frames import LLMMessagesFrame, EndFrame
 from pipecat.services.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport, DailyDialinSettings
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from pipecat.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -31,10 +32,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, callDomain: str):
     # diallin_settings are only needed if Daily's SIP URI is used
     # If you are handling this via Twilio, Telnyx, set this to None
     # and handle call-forwarding when on_dialin_ready fires.
-    diallin_settings = DailyDialinSettings(
+    diallin_settings = DailyDialinSettings(call_id=callId, call_domain=callDomain)
-        call_id=callId,
-        call_domain=callDomain
-    )
 
     transport = DailyTransport(
         room_url,
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, callDomain: str):
             vad_enabled=True,
             vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
             transcription_enabled=True,
-        )
+        ),
     )
 
     tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
@@ -58,10 +56,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, callDomain: str):
         voice_id=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID", ""),
     )
 
-    llm = OpenAILLMService(
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-        model="gpt-4o"
-    )
 
     messages = [
         {
@@ -73,14 +68,16 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, callDomain: str):
     tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
     tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-    pipeline = Pipeline([
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
-        transport.input(),
+        [
-        tma_in,
+            transport.input(),
-        llm,
+            tma_in,
-        tts,
+            llm,
-        transport.output(),
+            tts,
-        tma_out,
+            transport.output(),
-    ])
+            tma_out,
+        ]
+    )
 
     task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 

examples/dialin-chatbot/bot_runner.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ provisioning a room and starting a Pipecat bot in response.
 Refer to README for more information.
 """
 
-
 import aiohttp
 import os
 import argparse
@@ -25,17 +24,18 @@ from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import (
     DailyRoomObject,
     DailyRoomProperties,
     DailyRoomSipParams,
-    DailyRoomParams)
+    DailyRoomParams,
+)
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 
 # ------------ Configuration ------------ #
 
 MAX_SESSION_TIME = 5 * 60  # 5 minutes
-REQUIRED_ENV_VARS = ['OPENAI_API_KEY', 'DAILY_API_KEY',
+REQUIRED_ENV_VARS = ["OPENAI_API_KEY", "DAILY_API_KEY", "ELEVENLABS_API_KEY", "ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID"]
-                     'ELEVENLABS_API_KEY', 'ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID']
 
 daily_helpers = {}
 
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ app.add_middleware(
     allow_origins=["*"],
     allow_credentials=True,
     allow_methods=["*"],
-    allow_headers=["*"]
+    allow_headers=["*"],
 )
 
 """
@@ -80,10 +81,7 @@ async def _create_daily_room(room_url, callId, callDomain=None, vendor="daily"):
             properties=DailyRoomProperties(
                 # Note: these are the default values, except for the display name
                 sip=DailyRoomSipParams(
-                    display_name="dialin-user",
+                    display_name="dialin-user", video=False, sip_mode="dial-in", num_endpoints=1
-                    video=False,
-                    sip_mode="dial-in",
-                    num_endpoints=1
                 )
             )
         )
@@ -97,8 +95,7 @@ async def _create_daily_room(room_url, callId, callDomain=None, vendor="daily"):
             print(f"Joining existing room: {room_url}")
             room: DailyRoomObject = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_room_from_url(room_url)
         except Exception:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Room not found: {room_url}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Room not found: {room_url}")
 
     print(f"Daily room: {room.url} {room.config.sip_endpoint}")
 
@@ -106,8 +103,7 @@ async def _create_daily_room(room_url, callId, callDomain=None, vendor="daily"):
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url, MAX_SESSION_TIME)
 
     if not room or not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get room or token token")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get room or token token")
 
     # Spawn a new agent, and join the user session
     # Note: this is mostly for demonstration purposes (refer to 'deployment' in docs)
@@ -120,14 +116,10 @@ async def _create_daily_room(room_url, callId, callDomain=None, vendor="daily"):
 
     try:
         subprocess.Popen(
-            [bot_proc],
+            [bot_proc], shell=True, bufsize=1, cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-            shell=True,
-            bufsize=1,
-            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
         )
     except Exception as e:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
 
     return room
 
@@ -150,11 +142,10 @@ async def twilio_start_bot(request: Request):
         pass
 
     room_url = os.getenv("DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL", None)
-    callId = data.get('CallSid')
+    callId = data.get("CallSid")
 
     if not callId:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Missing 'CallSid' in request")
-            status_code=500, detail="Missing 'CallSid' in request")
 
     print("CallId: %s" % callId)
 
@@ -170,7 +161,8 @@ async def twilio_start_bot(request: Request):
     # http://com.twilio.music.classical.s3.amazonaws.com/BusyStrings.mp3
     resp = VoiceResponse()
     resp.play(
-        url="http://com.twilio.sounds.music.s3.amazonaws.com/MARKOVICHAMP-Borghestral.mp3", loop=10)
+        url="http://com.twilio.sounds.music.s3.amazonaws.com/MARKOVICHAMP-Borghestral.mp3", loop=10
+    )
     return str(resp)
 
 
@@ -192,18 +184,14 @@ async def daily_start_bot(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
         callId = data.get("callId", None)
         callDomain = data.get("callDomain", None)
     except Exception:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Missing properties 'callId' or 'callDomain'")
-            status_code=500,
-            detail="Missing properties 'callId' or 'callDomain'")
 
     print(f"CallId: {callId}, CallDomain: {callDomain}")
     room: DailyRoomObject = await _create_daily_room(room_url, callId, callDomain, "daily")
 
     # Grab a token for the user to join with
-    return JSONResponse({
+    return JSONResponse({"room_url": room.url, "sipUri": room.config.sip_endpoint})
-        "room_url": room.url,
+
-        "sipUri": room.config.sip_endpoint
-    })
 
 # ----------------- Main ----------------- #
 
@@ -215,24 +203,18 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             raise Exception(f"Missing environment variable: {env_var}.")
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pipecat Bot Runner")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument(
-                        default=os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0"), help="Host address")
+        "--host", type=str, default=os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0"), help="Host address"
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
+    )
-                        default=os.getenv("PORT", 7860), help="Port number")
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=os.getenv("PORT", 7860), help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
+    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true", default=True, help="Reload code on change")
-                        default=True, help="Reload code on change")
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
 
     try:
         import uvicorn
 
-        uvicorn.run(
+        uvicorn.run("bot_runner:app", host=config.host, port=config.port, reload=config.reload)
-            "bot_runner:app",
-            host=config.host,
-            port=config.port,
-            reload=config.reload
-        )
 
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print("Pipecat runner shutting down...")

examples/dialin-chatbot/bot_twilio.py

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import argparse
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
-from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
-    LLMMessagesFrame,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
-    EndFrame
 )
+from pipecat.frames.frames import LLMMessagesFrame, EndFrame
 from pipecat.services.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -21,14 +21,15 @@ from twilio.rest import Client
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
 logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
-twilio_account_sid = os.getenv('TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID')
+twilio_account_sid = os.getenv("TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID")
-twilio_auth_token = os.getenv('TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN')
+twilio_auth_token = os.getenv("TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN")
 twilioclient = Client(twilio_account_sid, twilio_auth_token)
 
 daily_api_key = os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", "")
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, sipUri: str):
             vad_enabled=True,
             vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
             transcription_enabled=True,
-        )
+        ),
     )
 
     tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
@@ -59,10 +60,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, sipUri: str):
         voice_id=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID", ""),
     )
 
-    llm = OpenAILLMService(
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-        model="gpt-4o"
-    )
 
     messages = [
         {
@@ -74,14 +72,16 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, sipUri: str):
     tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
     tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-    pipeline = Pipeline([
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
-        transport.input(),
+        [
-        tma_in,
+            transport.input(),
-        llm,
+            tma_in,
-        tts,
+            llm,
-        transport.output(),
+            tts,
-        tma_out,
+            transport.output(),
-    ])
+            tma_out,
+        ]
+    )
 
     task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ async def main(room_url: str, token: str, callId: str, sipUri: str):
         try:
             # The TwiML is updated using Twilio's client library
             call = twilioclient.calls(callId).update(
-                twiml=f'<Response><Dial><Sip>{sipUri}</Sip></Dial></Response>'
+                twiml=f"<Response><Dial><Sip>{sipUri}</Sip></Dial></Response>"
             )
         except Exception as e:
             raise Exception(f"Failed to forward call: {str(e)}")

examples/foundational/01-say-one-thing.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@ async def main():
         (room_url, _) = await configure(session)
 
         transport = DailyTransport(
-            room_url, None, "Say One Thing", DailyParams(audio_out_enabled=True))
+            room_url, None, "Say One Thing", DailyParams(audio_out_enabled=True)
+        )
 
         tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -47,10 +49,11 @@ async def main():
         # participant joins.
         @transport.event_handler("on_participant_joined")
         async def on_new_participant_joined(transport, participant):
-            participant_name = participant["info"]["userName"] or ''
+            participant_name = participant["info"]["userName"] or ""
             await task.queue_frames([TextFrame(f"Hello there, {participant_name}!"), EndFrame()])
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/foundational/01a-local-audio.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from pipecat.transports.local.audio import LocalAudioTransport
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)

examples/foundational/02-llm-say-one-thing.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -33,25 +34,22 @@ async def main():
         (room_url, _) = await configure(session)
 
         transport = DailyTransport(
-            room_url,
+            room_url, None, "Say One Thing From an LLM", DailyParams(audio_out_enabled=True)
-            None,
+        )
-            "Say One Thing From an LLM",
-            DailyParams(audio_out_enabled=True))
 
         tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
                 "role": "system",
                 "content": "You are an LLM in a WebRTC session, and this is a 'hello world' demo. Say hello to the world.",
-            }]
+            }
+        ]
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()
 

examples/foundational/03-still-frame.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -35,17 +36,11 @@ async def main():
             room_url,
             None,
             "Show a still frame image",
-            DailyParams(
+            DailyParams(camera_out_enabled=True, camera_out_width=1024, camera_out_height=1024),
-                camera_out_enabled=True,
-                camera_out_width=1024,
-                camera_out_height=1024
-            )
         )
 
         imagegen = FalImageGenService(
-            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(
+            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(image_size="square_hd"),
-                image_size="square_hd"
-            ),
             aiohttp_session=session,
             key=os.getenv("FAL_KEY"),
         )

examples/foundational/03a-local-still-frame.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from pipecat.transports.local.tk import TkLocalTransport
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -35,15 +36,11 @@ async def main():
 
         transport = TkLocalTransport(
             tk_root,
-            TransportParams(
+            TransportParams(camera_out_enabled=True, camera_out_width=1024, camera_out_height=1024),
-                camera_out_enabled=True,
+        )
-                camera_out_width=1024,
-                camera_out_height=1024))
 
         imagegen = FalImageGenService(
-            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(
+            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(image_size="square_hd"),
-                image_size="square_hd"
-            ),
             aiohttp_session=session,
             key=os.getenv("FAL_KEY"),
         )

examples/foundational/04-utterance-and-speech.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -58,8 +59,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID"),
         )
 
-        messages = [{"role": "system",
+        messages = [{"role": "system", "content": "tell the user a joke about llamas"}]
-                     "content": "tell the user a joke about llamas"}]
 
         # Start a task to run the LLM to create a joke, and convert the LLM
         # output to audio frames. This task will run in parallel with generating
@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ async def main():
             ]
         )
 
-        merge_pipeline = SequentialMergePipeline(
+        merge_pipeline = SequentialMergePipeline([simple_tts_pipeline, llm_pipeline])
-            [simple_tts_pipeline, llm_pipeline])
 
         await asyncio.gather(
             transport.run(merge_pipeline),

examples/foundational/05-sync-speech-and-image.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     LLMFullResponseStartFrame,
     LLMMessagesFrame,
-    TextFrame
+    TextFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -81,8 +82,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_width=1024,
-                camera_out_height=1024
+                camera_out_height=1024,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
@@ -90,14 +91,10 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         imagegen = FalImageGenService(
-            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(
+            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(image_size="square_hd"),
-                image_size="square_hd"
-            ),
             aiohttp_session=session,
             key=os.getenv("FAL_KEY"),
         )
@@ -112,15 +109,17 @@ async def main():
         #
         # Note that `SyncParallelPipeline` requires all processors in it to be
         # synchronous (which is the default for most processors).
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            llm,                     # LLM
+            [
-            sentence_aggregator,     # Aggregates LLM output into full sentences
+                llm,  # LLM
-            SyncParallelPipeline(    # Run pipelines in parallel aggregating the result
+                sentence_aggregator,  # Aggregates LLM output into full sentences
-                [month_prepender, tts],  # Create "Month: sentence" and output audio
+                SyncParallelPipeline(  # Run pipelines in parallel aggregating the result
-                [imagegen]               # Generate image
+                    [month_prepender, tts],  # Create "Month: sentence" and output audio
-            ),
+                    [imagegen],  # Generate image
-            transport.output()       # Transport output
+                ),
-        ])
+                transport.output(),  # Transport output
+            ]
+        )
 
         frames = []
         for month in [

examples/foundational/05a-local-sync-speech-and-image.py

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
     URLImageRawFrame,
     LLMMessagesFrame,
-    TextFrame)
+    TextFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.sync_parallel_pipeline import SyncParallelPipeline
@@ -48,7 +49,12 @@ async def main():
         runner = PipelineRunner()
 
         async def get_month_data(month):
-            messages = [{"role": "system", "content": f"Describe a nature photograph suitable for use in a calendar, for the month of {month}. Include only the image description with no preamble. Limit the description to one sentence, please.", }]
+            messages = [
+                {
+                    "role": "system",
+                    "content": f"Describe a nature photograph suitable for use in a calendar, for the month of {month}. Include only the image description with no preamble. Limit the description to one sentence, please.",
+                }
+            ]
 
             class ImageDescription(FrameProcessor):
                 def __init__(self):
@@ -74,7 +80,8 @@ async def main():
                     if isinstance(frame, TTSAudioRawFrame):
                         self.audio.extend(frame.audio)
                         self.frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                            bytes(self.audio), frame.sample_rate, frame.num_channels)
+                            bytes(self.audio), frame.sample_rate, frame.num_channels
+                        )
 
             class ImageGrabber(FrameProcessor):
                 def __init__(self):
@@ -87,9 +94,7 @@ async def main():
                     if isinstance(frame, URLImageRawFrame):
                         self.frame = frame
 
-            llm = OpenAILLMService(
+            llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-                api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-                model="gpt-4o")
 
             tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
                 api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -97,11 +102,10 @@ async def main():
             )
 
             imagegen = FalImageGenService(
-                params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(
+                params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(image_size="square_hd"),
-                    image_size="square_hd"
-                ),
                 aiohttp_session=session,
-                key=os.getenv("FAL_KEY"))
+                key=os.getenv("FAL_KEY"),
+            )
 
             sentence_aggregator = SentenceAggregator()
 
@@ -119,15 +123,17 @@ async def main():
             #
             # Note that `SyncParallelPipeline` requires all processors in it to
             # be synchronous (which is the default for most processors).
-            pipeline = Pipeline([
+            pipeline = Pipeline(
-                llm,                     # LLM
+                [
-                sentence_aggregator,     # Aggregates LLM output into full sentences
+                    llm,  # LLM
-                description,             # Store sentence
+                    sentence_aggregator,  # Aggregates LLM output into full sentences
-                SyncParallelPipeline(
+                    description,  # Store sentence
-                    [tts, audio_grabber],      # Generate and store audio for the given sentence
+                    SyncParallelPipeline(
-                    [imagegen, image_grabber]  # Generate and storeimage for the given sentence
+                        [tts, audio_grabber],  # Generate and store audio for the given sentence
-                )
+                        [imagegen, image_grabber],  # Generate and storeimage for the given sentence
-            ])
+                    ),
+                ]
+            )
 
             task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
             await task.queue_frame(LLMMessagesFrame(messages))
@@ -148,7 +154,9 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_width=1024,
-                camera_out_height=1024))
+                camera_out_height=1024,
+            ),
+        )
 
         pipeline = Pipeline([transport.output()])
 

examples/foundational/06-listen-and-respond.py

@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ import os
 import sys
 
 from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame, LLMMessagesFrame, MetricsFrame
-from pipecat.metrics.metrics import TTFBMetricsData, ProcessingMetricsData, LLMUsageMetricsData, TTSUsageMetricsData
+from pipecat.metrics.metrics import (
+    TTFBMetricsData,
+    ProcessingMetricsData,
+    LLMUsageMetricsData,
+    TTSUsageMetricsData,
+)
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -48,7 +54,8 @@ class MetricsLogger(FrameProcessor):
                     print(
                         f"!!! MetricsFrame: {frame}, tokens: {
                             tokens.prompt_tokens}, characters: {
-                            tokens.completion_tokens}")
+                            tokens.completion_tokens}"
+                    )
                 elif isinstance(d, TTSUsageMetricsData):
                     print(f"!!! MetricsFrame: {frame}, characters: {d.value}")
         await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
@@ -66,8 +73,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -75,10 +82,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o"
-        )
 
         ml = MetricsLogger()
 
@@ -91,15 +95,17 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            tma_in,
+                transport.input(),
-            llm,
+                tma_in,
-            tts,
+                llm,
-            ml,
+                tts,
-            transport.output(),
+                ml,
-            tma_out,
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                tma_out,
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
@@ -107,8 +113,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/06a-image-sync.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -52,16 +53,21 @@ class ImageSyncAggregator(FrameProcessor):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if not isinstance(frame, SystemFrame) and direction == FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM:
-            await self.push_frame(OutputImageRawFrame(
+            await self.push_frame(
-                image=self._speaking_image_bytes,
+                OutputImageRawFrame(
-                size=(1024, 1024),
+                    image=self._speaking_image_bytes,
-                format=self._speaking_image_format)
+                    size=(1024, 1024),
+                    format=self._speaking_image_format,
+                )
             )
             await self.push_frame(frame)
-            await self.push_frame(OutputImageRawFrame(
+            await self.push_frame(
-                image=self._waiting_image_bytes,
+                OutputImageRawFrame(
-                size=(1024, 1024),
+                    image=self._waiting_image_bytes,
-                format=self._waiting_image_format))
+                    size=(1024, 1024),
+                    format=self._waiting_image_format,
+                )
+            )
         else:
             await self.push_frame(frame)
 
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ async def main():
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
@@ -90,9 +96,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -109,21 +113,23 @@ async def main():
             os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "assets", "waiting.png"),
         )
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            image_sync_aggregator,
+                transport.input(),
-            tma_in,
+                image_sync_aggregator,
-            llm,
+                tma_in,
-            tts,
+                llm,
-            transport.output(),
+                tts,
-            tma_out
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                tma_out,
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
-            participant_name = participant["info"]["userName"] or ''
+            participant_name = participant["info"]["userName"] or ""
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             await task.queue_frames([TextFrame(f"Hi there {participant_name}!")])
 

examples/foundational/07-interruptible.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -43,8 +46,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -52,9 +55,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -66,28 +67,32 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
-        task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(
+        task = PipelineTask(
-            allow_interruptions=True,
+            pipeline,
-            enable_metrics=True,
+            PipelineParams(
-            enable_usage_metrics=True,
+                allow_interruptions=True,
-            report_only_initial_ttfb=True,
+                enable_metrics=True,
-        ))
+                enable_usage_metrics=True,
+                report_only_initial_ttfb=True,
+            ),
+        )
 
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07a-interruptible-anthropic.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.anthropic import AnthropicLLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -43,8 +46,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -53,8 +56,8 @@ async def main():
         )
 
         llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"), model="claude-3-opus-20240229"
-            model="claude-3-opus-20240229")
+        )
 
         # todo: think more about how to handle system prompts in a more general way. OpenAI,
         # Google, and Anthropic all have slightly different approaches to providing a system
@@ -69,14 +72,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 

examples/foundational/07b-interruptible-langchain.py

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.frameworks.langchain import LangchainProcessor
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ from loguru import logger
 from runner import configure
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 
@@ -70,19 +73,22 @@ async def main():
 
         prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages(
             [
-                ("system",
+                (
-                 "Be nice and helpful. Answer very briefly and without special characters like `#` or `*`. "
+                    "system",
-                 "Your response will be synthesized to voice and those characters will create unnatural sounds.",
+                    "Be nice and helpful. Answer very briefly and without special characters like `#` or `*`. "
-                 ),
+                    "Your response will be synthesized to voice and those characters will create unnatural sounds.",
+                ),
                 MessagesPlaceholder("chat_history"),
                 ("human", "{input}"),
-            ])
+            ]
+        )
         chain = prompt | ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-4o", temperature=0.7)
         history_chain = RunnableWithMessageHistory(
             chain,
             get_session_history,
             history_messages_key="chat_history",
-            input_messages_key="input")
+            input_messages_key="input",
+        )
         lc = LangchainProcessor(history_chain)
 
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator()
@@ -90,12 +96,12 @@ async def main():
 
         pipeline = Pipeline(
             [
-                transport.input(),      # Transport user input
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-                tma_in,                 # User responses
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-                lc,                     # Langchain
+                lc,  # Langchain
-                tts,                    # TTS
+                tts,  # TTS
-                transport.output(),     # Transport bot output
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-                tma_out,                # Assistant spoken responses
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
             ]
         )
 
@@ -109,11 +115,7 @@ async def main():
             # the `LLMMessagesFrame` will be picked up by the LangchainProcessor using
             # only the content of the last message to inject it in the prompt defined
             # above. So no role is required here.
-            messages = [(
+            messages = [({"content": "Please briefly introduce yourself to the user."})]
-                {
-                    "content": "Please briefly introduce yourself to the user."
-                }
-            )]
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07c-interruptible-deepgram.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.deepgram import DeepgramSTTService, DeepgramTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -43,21 +46,17 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-                vad_audio_passthrough=True
+                vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
 
         tts = DeepgramTTSService(
-            aiohttp_session=session,
+            aiohttp_session=session, api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"), voice="aura-helios-en"
-            api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
-            voice="aura-helios-en"
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -69,15 +68,17 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            stt,                 # STT
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                stt,  # STT
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -85,8 +86,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07e-interruptible-playht.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.playht import PlayHTTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -44,8 +47,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_sample_rate=16000,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = PlayHTTTSService(
@@ -54,9 +57,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_url="s3://voice-cloning-zero-shot/801a663f-efd0-4254-98d0-5c175514c3e8/jennifer/manifest.json",
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -68,14 +69,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -83,8 +86,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07f-interruptible-azure.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.azure import AzureLLMService, AzureSTTService, AzureTTSService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
 from pipecat.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ async def main():
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         stt = AzureSTTService(
@@ -74,15 +77,17 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            stt,                 # STT
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                stt,  # STT
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -90,8 +95,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07g-interruptible-openai-tts.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAITTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -44,18 +47,13 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
-        tts = OpenAITTSService(
+        tts = OpenAITTSService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), voice="alloy")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            voice="alloy"
-        )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -67,14 +65,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07h-interruptible-openpipe.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from loguru import logger
 import time
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -60,9 +61,7 @@ async def main():
             api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
             openpipe_api_key=os.getenv("OPENPIPE_API_KEY"),
             model="gpt-4o",
-            tags={
+            tags={"conversation_id": f"pipecat-{timestamp}"},
-                "conversation_id": f"pipecat-{timestamp}"
-            }
         )
 
         messages = [
@@ -74,14 +73,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, params=PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -89,8 +90,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07i-interruptible-xtts.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.deepgram import DeepgramSTTService, DeepgramTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.services.xtts import XTTSService
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -45,19 +48,17 @@ async def main():
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = XTTSService(
             aiohttp_session=session,
             voice_id="Claribel Dervla",
             language="en",
-            base_url="http://localhost:8000"
+            base_url="http://localhost:8000",
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -69,14 +70,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -84,8 +87,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07j-interruptible-gladia.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.gladia import GladiaSTTService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ async def main():
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         stt = GladiaSTTService(
@@ -57,9 +60,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -71,15 +72,17 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            stt,                 # STT
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                stt,  # STT
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -87,8 +90,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07k-interruptible-lmnt.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.lmnt import LmntTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -44,18 +47,13 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
-        tts = LmntTTSService(
+        tts = LmntTTSService(api_key=os.getenv("LMNT_API_KEY"), voice_id="morgan")
-            api_key=os.getenv("LMNT_API_KEY"),
-            voice_id="morgan"
-        )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -67,14 +65,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ async def main():
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/07l-interruptible-together.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.together import TogetherLLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -43,8 +46,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -62,8 +65,8 @@ async def main():
                 extra={
                     "frequency_penalty": 2.0,
                     "presence_penalty": 0.0,
-                }
+                },
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         messages = [
@@ -76,14 +79,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 

examples/foundational/08-bots-arguing.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import AudioFrame, EndFrame, ImageFrame, LLMMessagesF
 from runner import configure
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logging.basicConfig(format=f"%(levelno)s %(asctime)s %(message)s")
@@ -53,9 +54,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="jBpfuIE2acCO8z3wKNLl",
         )
         dalle = FalImageGenService(
-            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(
+            params=FalImageGenService.InputParams(image_size="1024x1024"),
-                image_size="1024x1024"
-            ),
             aiohttp_session=session,
             key=os.getenv("FAL_KEY"),
         )
@@ -75,13 +74,11 @@ async def main():
 
         async def get_text_and_audio(messages) -> Tuple[str, bytearray]:
             """This function streams text from the LLM and uses the TTS service to convert
-             that text to speech as it's received. """
+            that text to speech as it's received."""
             source_queue = asyncio.Queue()
             sink_queue = asyncio.Queue()
             sentence_aggregator = SentenceAggregator()
-            pipeline = Pipeline(
+            pipeline = Pipeline([llm, sentence_aggregator, tts1], source_queue, sink_queue)
-                [llm, sentence_aggregator, tts1], source_queue, sink_queue
-            )
 
             await source_queue.put(LLMMessagesFrame(messages))
             await source_queue.put(EndFrame())

examples/foundational/09-mirror.py

@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@ import aiohttp
 import asyncio
 import sys
 
-from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame, InputAudioRawFrame, InputImageRawFrame, OutputAudioRawFrame, OutputImageRawFrame
+from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+    Frame,
+    InputAudioRawFrame,
+    InputImageRawFrame,
+    OutputAudioRawFrame,
+    OutputImageRawFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
@@ -20,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -27,21 +34,20 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class MirrorProcessor(FrameProcessor):
-
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if isinstance(frame, InputAudioRawFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(OutputAudioRawFrame(
+            await self.push_frame(
-                audio=frame.audio,
+                OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                sample_rate=frame.sample_rate,
+                    audio=frame.audio,
-                num_channels=frame.num_channels)
+                    sample_rate=frame.sample_rate,
+                    num_channels=frame.num_channels,
+                )
             )
         elif isinstance(frame, InputImageRawFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(OutputImageRawFrame(
+            await self.push_frame(
-                image=frame.image,
+                OutputImageRawFrame(image=frame.image, size=frame.size, format=frame.format)
-                size=frame.size,
-                format=frame.format)
             )
         else:
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
@@ -52,15 +58,17 @@ async def main():
         (room_url, token) = await configure(session)
 
         transport = DailyTransport(
-            room_url, token, "Test",
+            room_url,
+            token,
+            "Test",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_in_enabled=True,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_is_live=True,
                 camera_out_width=1280,
-                camera_out_height=720
+                camera_out_height=720,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")

examples/foundational/09a-local-mirror.py

@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@ import sys
 
 import tkinter as tk
 
-from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame, InputAudioRawFrame, InputImageRawFrame, OutputAudioRawFrame, OutputImageRawFrame
+from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+    Frame,
+    InputAudioRawFrame,
+    InputImageRawFrame,
+    OutputAudioRawFrame,
+    OutputImageRawFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
@@ -24,31 +30,33 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
 logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
-class MirrorProcessor(FrameProcessor):
 
+class MirrorProcessor(FrameProcessor):
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if isinstance(frame, InputAudioRawFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(OutputAudioRawFrame(
+            await self.push_frame(
-                audio=frame.audio,
+                OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                sample_rate=frame.sample_rate,
+                    audio=frame.audio,
-                num_channels=frame.num_channels)
+                    sample_rate=frame.sample_rate,
+                    num_channels=frame.num_channels,
+                )
             )
         elif isinstance(frame, InputImageRawFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(OutputImageRawFrame(
+            await self.push_frame(
-                image=frame.image,
+                OutputImageRawFrame(image=frame.image, size=frame.size, format=frame.format)
-                size=frame.size,
-                format=frame.format)
             )
         else:
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
+
 async def main():
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         (room_url, token) = await configure(session)
@@ -57,8 +65,8 @@ async def main():
         tk_root.title("Local Mirror")
 
         daily_transport = DailyTransport(
-            room_url, token, "Test", DailyParams(
+            room_url, token, "Test", DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True)
-                audio_in_enabled=True))
+        )
 
         tk_transport = TkLocalTransport(
             tk_root,
@@ -67,7 +75,9 @@ async def main():
                 camera_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_is_live=True,
                 camera_out_width=1280,
-                camera_out_height=720))
+                camera_out_height=720,
+            ),
+        )
 
         @daily_transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):

examples/foundational/10-wake-phrase.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -43,8 +46,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -52,9 +55,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -67,15 +68,17 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            hey_robot_filter,    # Filter out speech not directed at the robot
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                hey_robot_filter,  # Filter out speech not directed at the robot
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 

examples/foundational/11-sound-effects.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -53,12 +54,12 @@ for file in sound_files:
     filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(full_path))[0]
     # Open the image and convert it to bytes
     with wave.open(full_path) as audio_file:
-        sounds[file] = OutputAudioRawFrame(audio_file.readframes(-1),
+        sounds[file] = OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                                           audio_file.getframerate(), audio_file.getnchannels())
+            audio_file.readframes(-1), audio_file.getframerate(), audio_file.getnchannels()
+        )
 
 
 class OutboundSoundEffectWrapper(FrameProcessor):
-
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
@@ -71,7 +72,6 @@ class OutboundSoundEffectWrapper(FrameProcessor):
 
 
 class InboundSoundEffectWrapper(FrameProcessor):
-
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
@@ -95,13 +95,11 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -122,18 +120,20 @@ async def main():
         fl = FrameLogger("LLM Out")
         fl2 = FrameLogger("Transcription In")
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            tma_in,
+                transport.input(),
-            in_sound,
+                tma_in,
-            fl2,
+                in_sound,
-            llm,
+                fl2,
-            fl,
+                llm,
-            tts,
+                fl,
-            out_sound,
+                tts,
-            transport.output(),
+                out_sound,
-            tma_out
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                tma_out,
+            ]
+        )
 
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):

examples/foundational/12-describe-video.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, participant_id: str | None = None):
         super().__init__()
         self._participant_id = participant_id
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if self._participant_id and isinstance(frame, TextFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM)
+            await self.push_frame(
+                UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM
+            )
         await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
 
@@ -61,8 +63,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         user_response = UserResponseAggregator()
@@ -86,15 +88,17 @@ async def main():
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             image_requester.set_participant_id(participant["id"])
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            user_response,
+                transport.input(),
-            image_requester,
+                user_response,
-            vision_aggregator,
+                image_requester,
-            moondream,
+                vision_aggregator,
-            tts,
+                moondream,
-            transport.output()
+                tts,
-        ])
+                transport.output(),
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
@@ -102,5 +106,6 @@ async def main():
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/foundational/12a-describe-video-gemini-flash.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, participant_id: str | None = None):
         super().__init__()
         self._participant_id = participant_id
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if self._participant_id and isinstance(frame, TextFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM)
+            await self.push_frame(
+                UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM
+            )
         await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
 
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         user_response = UserResponseAggregator()
@@ -73,8 +75,8 @@ async def main():
         vision_aggregator = VisionImageFrameAggregator()
 
         google = GoogleLLMService(
-            model="gemini-1.5-flash-latest",
+            model="gemini-1.5-flash-latest", api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY")
-            api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"))
+        )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -88,15 +90,17 @@ async def main():
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             image_requester.set_participant_id(participant["id"])
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            user_response,
+                transport.input(),
-            image_requester,
+                user_response,
-            vision_aggregator,
+                image_requester,
-            google,
+                vision_aggregator,
-            tts,
+                google,
-            transport.output()
+                tts,
-        ])
+                transport.output(),
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
@@ -104,5 +108,6 @@ async def main():
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/foundational/12b-describe-video-gpt-4o.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, participant_id: str | None = None):
         super().__init__()
         self._participant_id = participant_id
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if self._participant_id and isinstance(frame, TextFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM)
+            await self.push_frame(
+                UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM
+            )
         await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
 
@@ -61,8 +63,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         user_response = UserResponseAggregator()
@@ -71,10 +73,7 @@ async def main():
 
         vision_aggregator = VisionImageFrameAggregator()
 
-        openai = OpenAILLMService(
+        openai = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o"
-        )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -88,15 +87,17 @@ async def main():
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             image_requester.set_participant_id(participant["id"])
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            user_response,
+                transport.input(),
-            image_requester,
+                user_response,
-            vision_aggregator,
+                image_requester,
-            openai,
+                vision_aggregator,
-            tts,
+                openai,
-            transport.output()
+                tts,
-        ])
+                transport.output(),
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
@@ -104,5 +105,6 @@ async def main():
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/foundational/12c-describe-video-anthropic.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, participant_id: str | None = None):
         super().__init__()
         self._participant_id = participant_id
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if self._participant_id and isinstance(frame, TextFrame):
-            await self.push_frame(UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM)
+            await self.push_frame(
+                UserImageRequestFrame(self._participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM
+            )
         await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
 
@@ -61,8 +63,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         user_response = UserResponseAggregator()
@@ -71,9 +73,7 @@ async def main():
 
         vision_aggregator = VisionImageFrameAggregator()
 
-        anthropic = AnthropicLLMService(
+        anthropic = AnthropicLLMService(api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"))
-            api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY")
-        )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -90,15 +90,17 @@ async def main():
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             image_requester.set_participant_id(participant["id"])
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            user_response,
+                transport.input(),
-            image_requester,
+                user_response,
-            vision_aggregator,
+                image_requester,
-            anthropic,
+                vision_aggregator,
-            tts,
+                anthropic,
-            transport.output()
+                tts,
-        ])
+                transport.output(),
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
@@ -106,5 +108,6 @@ async def main():
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/foundational/13-whisper-transcription.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class TranscriptionLogger(FrameProcessor):
-
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ async def main():
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         (room_url, _) = await configure(session)
 
-        transport = DailyTransport(room_url, None, "Transcription bot",
+        transport = DailyTransport(
-                                   DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True))
+            room_url, None, "Transcription bot", DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True)
+        )
 
         stt = WhisperSTTService()
 

examples/foundational/13a-whisper-local.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from pipecat.transports.local.audio import LocalAudioTransport
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class TranscriptionLogger(FrameProcessor):
-
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 

examples/foundational/13b-deepgram-transcription.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 class TranscriptionLogger(FrameProcessor):
-
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
@@ -41,8 +41,9 @@ async def main():
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         (room_url, _) = await configure(session)
 
-        transport = DailyTransport(room_url, None, "Transcription bot",
+        transport = DailyTransport(
-                                   DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True))
+            room_url, None, "Transcription bot", DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True)
+        )
 
         stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
 

examples/foundational/14-function-calling.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -52,8 +53,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -61,15 +62,10 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
         # Register a function_name of None to get all functions
         # sent to the same callback with an additional function_name parameter.
-        llm.register_function(
+        llm.register_function(None, fetch_weather_from_api, start_callback=start_fetch_weather)
-            None,
-            fetch_weather_from_api,
-            start_callback=start_fetch_weather)
 
         fl_in = FrameLogger("Inner")
         fl_out = FrameLogger("Outer")
@@ -89,17 +85,15 @@ async def main():
                             },
                             "format": {
                                 "type": "string",
-                                "enum": [
+                                "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"],
-                                    "celsius",
-                                    "fahrenheit"],
                                 "description": "The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.",
                             },
                         },
-                        "required": [
+                        "required": ["location", "format"],
-                            "location",
-                            "format"],
                     },
-                })]
+                },
+            )
+        ]
         messages = [
             {
                 "role": "system",
@@ -110,16 +104,18 @@ async def main():
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages, tools)
         context_aggregator = llm.create_context_aggregator(context)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            fl_in,
+            [
-            transport.input(),
+                fl_in,
-            context_aggregator.user(),
+                transport.input(),
-            llm,
+                context_aggregator.user(),
-            fl_out,
+                llm,
-            tts,
+                fl_out,
-            transport.output(),
+                tts,
-            context_aggregator.assistant(),
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
@@ -133,5 +129,6 @@ async def main():
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/foundational/15-switch-voices.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -39,7 +40,11 @@ current_voice = "News Lady"
 async def switch_voice(function_name, tool_call_id, args, llm, context, result_callback):
     global current_voice
     current_voice = args["voice"]
-    await result_callback({"voice": f"You are now using your {current_voice} voice. Your responses should now be as if you were a {current_voice}."})
+    await result_callback(
+        {
+            "voice": f"You are now using your {current_voice} voice. Your responses should now be as if you were a {current_voice}."
+        }
+    )
 
 
 async def news_lady_filter(frame) -> bool:
@@ -66,8 +71,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         news_lady = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -85,9 +90,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091",  # Barbershop Man
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
         llm.register_function("switch_voice", switch_voice)
 
         tools = [
@@ -106,7 +109,9 @@ async def main():
                         },
                         "required": ["voice"],
                     },
-                })]
+                },
+            )
+        ]
         messages = [
             {
                 "role": "system",
@@ -117,18 +122,20 @@ async def main():
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages, tools)
         context_aggregator = llm.create_context_aggregator(context)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
-            ParallelPipeline(    # TTS (one of the following vocies)
+                llm,  # LLM
-                [FunctionFilter(news_lady_filter), news_lady],            # News Lady voice
+                ParallelPipeline(  # TTS (one of the following vocies)
-                [FunctionFilter(british_lady_filter), british_lady],      # British Lady voice
+                    [FunctionFilter(news_lady_filter), news_lady],  # News Lady voice
-                [FunctionFilter(barbershop_man_filter), barbershop_man],  # Barbershop Man voice
+                    [FunctionFilter(british_lady_filter), british_lady],  # British Lady voice
-            ),
+                    [FunctionFilter(barbershop_man_filter), barbershop_man],  # Barbershop Man voice
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                ),
-            context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -139,7 +146,9 @@ async def main():
             messages.append(
                 {
                     "role": "system",
-                    "content": f"Please introduce yourself to the user and let them know the voices you can do. Your initial responses should be as if you were a {current_voice}."})
+                    "content": f"Please introduce yourself to the user and let them know the voices you can do. Your initial responses should be as if you were a {current_voice}.",
+                }
+            )
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/15a-switch-languages.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-                vad_audio_passthrough=True
+                vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         stt = WhisperSTTService(model=Model.LARGE)
@@ -80,9 +81,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="846d6cb0-2301-48b6-9683-48f5618ea2f6",  # Spanish-speaking Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
         llm.register_function("switch_language", switch_language)
 
         tools = [
@@ -101,7 +100,9 @@ async def main():
                         },
                         "required": ["language"],
                     },
-                })]
+                },
+            )
+        ]
         messages = [
             {
                 "role": "system",
@@ -112,18 +113,20 @@ async def main():
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages, tools)
         context_aggregator = llm.create_context_aggregator(context)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            stt,                 # STT
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
+                stt,  # STT
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
-            ParallelPipeline(    # TTS (bot will speak the chosen language)
+                llm,  # LLM
-                [FunctionFilter(english_filter), english_tts],  # English
+                ParallelPipeline(  # TTS (bot will speak the chosen language)
-                [FunctionFilter(spanish_filter), spanish_tts],  # Spanish
+                    [FunctionFilter(english_filter), english_tts],  # English
-            ),
+                    [FunctionFilter(spanish_filter), spanish_tts],  # Spanish
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                ),
-            context_aggregator.assistant()  # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
@@ -134,7 +137,9 @@ async def main():
             messages.append(
                 {
                     "role": "system",
-                    "content": f"Please introduce yourself to the user and let them know the languages you speak. Your initial responses should be in {current_language}."})
+                    "content": f"Please introduce yourself to the user and let them know the languages you speak. Your initial responses should be in {current_language}.",
+                }
+            )
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/16-gpu-container-local-bot.py

@@ -14,10 +14,16 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.deepgram import DeepgramTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
-from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport, DailyTransportMessageFrame
+from pipecat.transports.services.daily import (
+    DailyParams,
+    DailyTransport,
+    DailyTransportMessageFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
 
 from runner import configure
@@ -25,6 +31,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -43,15 +50,15 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = DeepgramTTSService(
             aiohttp_session=session,
             api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
             voice="aura-asteria-en",
-            base_url="http://0.0.0.0:8080/v1/speak"
+            base_url="http://0.0.0.0:8080/v1/speak",
         )
 
         llm = OpenAILLMService(
@@ -60,7 +67,7 @@ async def main():
             # model="gpt-4o"
             # Or, to use a local vLLM (or similar) api server
             model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
-            base_url="http://0.0.0.0:8000/v1"
+            base_url="http://0.0.0.0:8000/v1",
         )
 
         messages = [
@@ -73,14 +80,16 @@ async def main():
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True))
 
@@ -93,8 +102,7 @@ async def main():
         # When the first participant joins, the bot should introduce itself.
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         # Handle "latency-ping" messages. The client will send app messages that look like
@@ -111,14 +119,18 @@ async def main():
                     logger.debug(f"Received latency ping app message: {message}")
                     ts = message["latency-ping"]["ts"]
                     # Send immediately
-                    transport.output().send_message(DailyTransportMessageFrame(
+                    transport.output().send_message(
-                        message={"latency-pong-msg-handler": {"ts": ts}},
+                        DailyTransportMessageFrame(
-                        participant_id=sender))
+                            message={"latency-pong-msg-handler": {"ts": ts}}, participant_id=sender
+                        )
+                    )
                     # And push to the pipeline for the Daily transport.output to send
                     await tma_in.push_frame(
                         DailyTransportMessageFrame(
                             message={"latency-pong-pipeline-delivery": {"ts": ts}},
-                            participant_id=sender))
+                            participant_id=sender,
+                        )
+                    )
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug(f"message handling error: {e} - {message}")
 

examples/foundational/17-detect-user-idle.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.user_idle_processor import UserIdleProcessor
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -44,8 +47,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -53,9 +56,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -69,33 +70,41 @@ async def main():
 
         async def user_idle_callback(user_idle: UserIdleProcessor):
             messages.append(
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Ask the user if they are still there and try to prompt for some input, but be short."})
+                {
+                    "role": "system",
+                    "content": "Ask the user if they are still there and try to prompt for some input, but be short.",
+                }
+            )
             await user_idle.push_frame(LLMMessagesFrame(messages))
 
         user_idle = UserIdleProcessor(callback=user_idle_callback, timeout=5.0)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport user input
+            [
-            user_idle,           # Idle user check-in
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            tma_in,              # User responses
+                user_idle,  # Idle user check-in
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                tma_in,  # User responses
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            tma_out              # Assistant spoken responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                tma_out,  # Assistant spoken responses
+            ]
+        )
 
-        task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(
+        task = PipelineTask(
-            allow_interruptions=True,
+            pipeline,
-            enable_metrics=True,
+            PipelineParams(
-            report_only_initial_ttfb=True,
+                allow_interruptions=True,
-        ))
+                enable_metrics=True,
+                report_only_initial_ttfb=True,
+            ),
+        )
 
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.
-            messages.append(
+            messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-                {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()

examples/foundational/18-gstreamer-filesrc.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from runner import configure_with_args
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -29,12 +30,7 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 async def main():
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
-        parser.add_argument(
+        parser.add_argument("-i", "--input", type=str, required=True, help="Input video file")
-            "-i",
-            "--input",
-            type=str,
-            required=True,
-            help="Input video file")
 
         (room_url, _, args) = await configure_with_args(session, parser)
 
@@ -49,7 +45,7 @@ async def main():
                 camera_out_width=1280,
                 camera_out_height=720,
                 camera_out_is_live=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         gst = GStreamerPipelineSource(
@@ -59,13 +55,15 @@ async def main():
                 video_height=720,
                 audio_sample_rate=16000,
                 audio_channels=1,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            gst,                 # GStreamer file source
+            [
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                gst,  # GStreamer file source
-        ])
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 

examples/foundational/18a-gstreamer-videotestsrc.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -38,20 +39,22 @@ async def main():
                 camera_out_width=1280,
                 camera_out_height=720,
                 camera_out_is_live=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         gst = GStreamerPipelineSource(
-            pipeline="videotestsrc ! capsfilter caps=\"video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1\"",
+            pipeline='videotestsrc ! capsfilter caps="video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720,framerate=30/1"',
             out_params=GStreamerPipelineSource.OutputParams(
-                video_width=1280,
+                video_width=1280, video_height=720, clock_sync=False
-                video_height=720,
+            ),
-                clock_sync=False))
+        )
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            gst,                 # GStreamer file source
+            [
-            transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+                gst,  # GStreamer file source
-        ])
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 

examples/foundational/19a-tools-anthropic.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -56,8 +57,7 @@ async def main():
         )
 
         llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"), model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620"
-            model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620"
         )
         llm.register_function("get_weather", get_weather)
 
@@ -90,18 +90,20 @@ async def main():
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages, tools)
         context_aggregator = llm.create_context_aggregator(context)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),               # Transport user input
+            [
-            context_aggregator.user(),       # User spoken responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                             # LLM
+                context_aggregator.user(),  # User spoken responses
-            tts,                             # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),              # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses and tool context
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses and tool context
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True))
 
-        @ transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
+        @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.

examples/foundational/19b-tools-video-anthropic.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -55,8 +56,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ async def main():
         llm = AnthropicLLMService(
             api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
             model="claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
-            enable_prompt_caching_beta=True
+            enable_prompt_caching_beta=True,
         )
         llm.register_function("get_weather", get_weather)
         llm.register_function("get_image", get_image)
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ async def main():
                     },
                     "required": ["question"],
                 },
-            }
+            },
         ]
 
         # todo: test with very short initial user message
@@ -134,28 +135,28 @@ If you need to use a tool, simply use the tool. Do not tell the user the tool yo
                         "type": "text",
                         "text": system_prompt,
                     }
-                ]
+                ],
             },
-            {
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Start the conversation by introducing yourself."},
-                "role": "user",
+        ]
-                "content": "Start the conversation by introducing yourself."
-            }]
 
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages, tools)
         context_aggregator = llm.create_context_aggregator(context)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),               # Transport user input
+            [
-            context_aggregator.user(),       # User speech to text
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                             # LLM
+                context_aggregator.user(),  # User speech to text
-            tts,                             # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),              # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses and tool context
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses and tool context
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True))
 
-        @ transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
+        @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             global video_participant_id
             video_participant_id = participant["id"]

examples/foundational/19c-tools-togetherai.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -32,12 +33,8 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 async def get_current_weather(
-        function_name,
+    function_name, tool_call_id, arguments, llm, context, result_callback
-        tool_call_id,
+):
-        arguments,
-        llm,
-        context,
-        result_callback):
     logger.debug("IN get_current_weather")
     location = arguments["location"]
     await result_callback(f"The weather in {location} is currently 72 degrees and sunny.")
@@ -55,8 +52,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -104,26 +101,28 @@ Reminder:
 
 """
 
-        messages = [{"role": "system",
+        messages = [
-                     "content": system_prompt},
+            {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
-                    {"role": "user",
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Wait for the user to say something."},
-                     "content": "Wait for the user to say something."}]
+        ]
 
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages)
         context_aggregator = llm.create_context_aggregator(context)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),               # Transport user input
+            [
-            context_aggregator.user(),       # User speech to text
+                transport.input(),  # Transport user input
-            llm,                             # LLM
+                context_aggregator.user(),  # User speech to text
-            tts,                             # TTS
+                llm,  # LLM
-            transport.output(),              # Transport bot output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses and tool context
+                transport.output(),  # Transport bot output
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant spoken responses and tool context
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True))
 
-        @ transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
+        @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             # Kick off the conversation.

examples/foundational/runner.py

@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@ async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
 
 
 async def configure_with_args(
-        aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
+    aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession, parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None
-        parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None):
+):
     if not parser:
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u",
+        "-u", "--url", type=str, required=False, help="URL of the Daily room to join"
-        "--url",
+    )
-        type=str,
-        required=False,
-        help="URL of the Daily room to join")
     parser.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--apikey",
@@ -42,15 +39,19 @@ async def configure_with_args(
 
     if not url:
         raise Exception(
-            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL.")
+            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL."
+        )
 
     if not key:
-        raise Exception("No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers."
+        )
 
     daily_rest_helper = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=key,
         daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session)
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
+    )
 
     # Create a meeting token for the given room with an expiration 1 hour in
     # the future.

examples/moondream-chatbot/bot.py

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -60,11 +61,7 @@ for i in range(1, 26):
     # Get the filename without the extension to use as the dictionary key
     # Open the image and convert it to bytes
     with Image.open(full_path) as img:
-        sprites.append(OutputImageRawFrame(
+        sprites.append(OutputImageRawFrame(image=img.tobytes(), size=img.size, format=img.format))
-            image=img.tobytes(),
-            size=img.size,
-            format=img.format)
-        )
 
 flipped = sprites[::-1]
 sprites.extend(flipped)
@@ -110,7 +107,9 @@ class UserImageRequester(FrameProcessor):
 
         if self.participant_id and isinstance(frame, TextFrame):
             if frame.text == user_request_answer:
-                await self.push_frame(UserImageRequestFrame(self.participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM)
+                await self.push_frame(
+                    UserImageRequestFrame(self.participant_id), FrameDirection.UPSTREAM
+                )
                 await self.push_frame(TextFrame("Describe the image in a short sentence."))
         elif isinstance(frame, UserImageRawFrame):
             await self.push_frame(frame)
@@ -154,8 +153,8 @@ async def main():
                 camera_out_height=576,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -163,9 +162,7 @@ async def main():
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         ta = TalkingAnimation()
 
@@ -188,17 +185,17 @@ async def main():
 
         ura = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            ura,
+                transport.input(),
-            llm,
+                ura,
-            ParallelPipeline(
+                llm,
-                [sa, ir, va, moondream],
+                ParallelPipeline([sa, ir, va, moondream], [tf, imgf]),
-                [tf, imgf]),
+                tts,
-            tts,
+                ta,
-            ta,
+                transport.output(),
-            transport.output()
+            ]
-        ])
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
         await task.queue_frame(quiet_frame)

examples/moondream-chatbot/runner.py

@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@ from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import DailyRESTHelper
 async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u",
+        "-u", "--url", type=str, required=False, help="URL of the Daily room to join"
-        "--url",
+    )
-        type=str,
-        required=False,
-        help="URL of the Daily room to join")
     parser.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--apikey",
@@ -34,15 +31,18 @@ async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
 
     if not url:
         raise Exception(
-            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL.")
+            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL."
+        )
 
     if not key:
-        raise Exception("No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers."
+        )
 
     daily_rest_helper = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=key,
         daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
 
     # Create a meeting token for the given room with an expiration 1 hour in

examples/moondream-chatbot/server.py

@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
     cleanup()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -65,37 +66,34 @@ async def start_agent(request: Request):
     if not room.url:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=500,
-            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!")
+            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!",
+        )
 
     # Check if there is already an existing process running in this room
     num_bots_in_room = sum(
-        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None)
+        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None
+    )
     if num_bots_in_room >= MAX_BOTS_PER_ROOM:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Get the token for the room
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url)
 
     if not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Spawn a new agent, and join the user session
     # Note: this is mostly for demonstration purposes (refer to 'deployment' in README)
     try:
         proc = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
+            [f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"],
-                f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"
-            ],
             shell=True,
             bufsize=1,
-            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
         )
         bot_procs[proc.pid] = (proc, room.url)
     except Exception as e:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
 
     return RedirectResponse(room.url)
 
@@ -107,8 +105,7 @@ def get_status(pid: int):
 
     # If the subprocess doesn't exist, return an error
     if not proc:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
-            status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
 
     # Check the status of the subprocess
     if proc[0].poll() is None:
@@ -125,14 +122,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     default_host = os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0")
     default_port = int(os.getenv("FAST_API_PORT", "7860"))
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily Moondream FastAPI server")
-        description="Daily Moondream FastAPI server")
+    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default=default_host, help="Host address")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=default_port, help="Port number")
-                        default=default_host, help="Host address")
+    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true", help="Reload code on change")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
-                        default=default_port, help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
-                        help="Reload code on change")
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
 

examples/patient-intake/bot.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -49,41 +50,44 @@ for file in sound_files:
     filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(full_path))[0]
     # Open the sound and convert it to bytes
     with wave.open(full_path) as audio_file:
-        sounds[file] = OutputAudioRawFrame(audio_file.readframes(-1),
+        sounds[file] = OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                                           audio_file.getframerate(),
+            audio_file.readframes(-1), audio_file.getframerate(), audio_file.getnchannels()
-                                           audio_file.getnchannels())
+        )
 
 
 class IntakeProcessor:
-
     def __init__(self, context: OpenAILLMContext):
         print(f"Initializing context from IntakeProcessor")
-        context.add_message({"role": "system", "content": "You are Jessica, an agent for a company called Tri-County Health Services. Your job is to collect important information from the user before their doctor visit. You're talking to Chad Bailey. You should address the user by their first name and be polite and professional. You're not a medical professional, so you shouldn't provide any advice. Keep your responses short. Your job is to collect information to give to a doctor. Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. Ask for clarification if a user response is ambiguous. Start by introducing yourself. Then, ask the user to confirm their identity by telling you their birthday, including the year. When they answer with their birthday, call the verify_birthday function."})
+        context.add_message(
-        context.set_tools([
             {
-                "type": "function",
+                "role": "system",
-                "function": {
+                "content": "You are Jessica, an agent for a company called Tri-County Health Services. Your job is to collect important information from the user before their doctor visit. You're talking to Chad Bailey. You should address the user by their first name and be polite and professional. You're not a medical professional, so you shouldn't provide any advice. Keep your responses short. Your job is to collect information to give to a doctor. Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. Ask for clarification if a user response is ambiguous. Start by introducing yourself. Then, ask the user to confirm their identity by telling you their birthday, including the year. When they answer with their birthday, call the verify_birthday function.",
-                    "name": "verify_birthday",
+            }
-                    "description": "Use this function to verify the user has provided their correct birthday.",
+        )
-                    "parameters": {
+        context.set_tools(
-                        "type": "object",
+            [
-                        "properties": {
+                {
-                            "birthday": {
+                    "type": "function",
-                                "type": "string",
+                    "function": {
-                                "description": "The user's birthdate, including the year. The user can provide it in any format, but convert it to YYYY-MM-DD format to call this function.",
+                        "name": "verify_birthday",
-                            }},
+                        "description": "Use this function to verify the user has provided their correct birthday.",
+                        "parameters": {
+                            "type": "object",
+                            "properties": {
+                                "birthday": {
+                                    "type": "string",
+                                    "description": "The user's birthdate, including the year. The user can provide it in any format, but convert it to YYYY-MM-DD format to call this function.",
+                                }
+                            },
+                        },
                     },
-                },
+                }
-            }])
+            ]
+        )
 
     async def verify_birthday(
-            self,
+        self, function_name, tool_call_id, args, llm, context, result_callback
-            function_name,
+    ):
-            tool_call_id,
-            args,
-            llm,
-            context,
-            result_callback):
         if args["birthday"] == "1983-01-01":
             context.set_tools(
                 [
@@ -110,18 +114,35 @@ class IntakeProcessor:
                                                 },
                                             },
                                         },
-                                    }},
+                                    }
+                                },
                             },
                         },
-                    }])
+                    }
+                ]
+            )
             # It's a bit weird to push this to the LLM, but it gets it into the pipeline
             # await llm.push_frame(sounds["ding2.wav"], FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
             # We don't need the function call in the context, so just return a new
             # system message and let the framework re-prompt
-            await result_callback([{"role": "system", "content": "Next, thank the user for confirming their identity, then ask the user to list their current prescriptions. Each prescription needs to have a medication name and a dosage. Do not call the list_prescriptions function with any unknown dosages."}])
+            await result_callback(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "role": "system",
+                        "content": "Next, thank the user for confirming their identity, then ask the user to list their current prescriptions. Each prescription needs to have a medication name and a dosage. Do not call the list_prescriptions function with any unknown dosages.",
+                    }
+                ]
+            )
         else:
             # The user provided an incorrect birthday; ask them to try again
-            await result_callback([{"role": "system", "content": "The user provided an incorrect birthday. Ask them for their birthday again. When they answer, call the verify_birthday function."}])
+            await result_callback(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "role": "system",
+                        "content": "The user provided an incorrect birthday. Ask them for their birthday again. When they answer, call the verify_birthday function.",
+                    }
+                ]
+            )
 
     async def start_prescriptions(self, function_name, llm, context):
         print(f"!!! doing start prescriptions")
@@ -144,16 +165,22 @@ class IntakeProcessor:
                                             "name": {
                                                 "type": "string",
                                                 "description": "What the user is allergic to",
-                                            }},
+                                            }
+                                        },
                                     },
-                                }},
+                                }
+                            },
                         },
                     },
-                }])
+                }
+            ]
+        )
         context.add_message(
             {
                 "role": "system",
-                "content": "Next, ask the user if they have any allergies. Once they have listed their allergies or confirmed they don't have any, call the list_allergies function."})
+                "content": "Next, ask the user if they have any allergies. Once they have listed their allergies or confirmed they don't have any, call the list_allergies function.",
+            }
+        )
         print(f"!!! about to await llm process frame in start prescrpitions")
         await llm.process_frame(OpenAILLMContextFrame(context), FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
         print(f"!!! past await process frame in start prescriptions")
@@ -179,17 +206,22 @@ class IntakeProcessor:
                                             "name": {
                                                 "type": "string",
                                                 "description": "The user's medical condition",
-                                            }},
+                                            }
+                                        },
                                     },
-                                }},
+                                }
+                            },
                         },
                     },
                 },
-            ])
+            ]
+        )
         context.add_message(
             {
                 "role": "system",
-                "content": "Now ask the user if they have any medical conditions the doctor should know about. Once they've answered the question, call the list_conditions function."})
+                "content": "Now ask the user if they have any medical conditions the doctor should know about. Once they've answered the question, call the list_conditions function.",
+            }
+        )
         await llm.process_frame(OpenAILLMContextFrame(context), FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
 
     async def start_conditions(self, function_name, llm, context):
@@ -213,24 +245,31 @@ class IntakeProcessor:
                                             "name": {
                                                 "type": "string",
                                                 "description": "The user's reason for visiting the doctor",
-                                            }},
+                                            }
+                                        },
                                     },
-                                }},
+                                }
+                            },
                         },
                     },
-                }])
+                }
+            ]
+        )
         context.add_message(
             {
                 "role": "system",
-                "content": "Finally, ask the user the reason for their doctor visit today. Once they answer, call the list_visit_reasons function."})
+                "content": "Finally, ask the user the reason for their doctor visit today. Once they answer, call the list_visit_reasons function.",
+            }
+        )
         await llm.process_frame(OpenAILLMContextFrame(context), FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
 
     async def start_visit_reasons(self, function_name, llm, context):
         print("!!! doing start visit reasons")
         # move to finish call
         context.set_tools([])
-        context.add_message({"role": "system",
+        context.add_message(
-                             "content": "Now, thank the user and end the conversation."})
+            {"role": "system", "content": "Now, thank the user and end the conversation."}
+        )
         await llm.process_frame(OpenAILLMContextFrame(context), FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
 
     async def save_data(self, function_name, tool_call_id, args, llm, context, result_callback):
@@ -261,7 +300,7 @@ async def main():
                 #     tier="nova",
                 #     model="2-general"
                 # )
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -274,9 +313,7 @@ async def main():
         #     voice_id="846d6cb0-2301-48b6-9683-48f5618ea2f6",  # Spanish-speaking Lady
         # )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = []
         context = OpenAILLMContext(messages=messages)
@@ -285,33 +322,31 @@ async def main():
         intake = IntakeProcessor(context)
         llm.register_function("verify_birthday", intake.verify_birthday)
         llm.register_function(
-            "list_prescriptions",
+            "list_prescriptions", intake.save_data, start_callback=intake.start_prescriptions
-            intake.save_data,
+        )
-            start_callback=intake.start_prescriptions)
         llm.register_function(
-            "list_allergies",
+            "list_allergies", intake.save_data, start_callback=intake.start_allergies
-            intake.save_data,
+        )
-            start_callback=intake.start_allergies)
         llm.register_function(
-            "list_conditions",
+            "list_conditions", intake.save_data, start_callback=intake.start_conditions
-            intake.save_data,
+        )
-            start_callback=intake.start_conditions)
         llm.register_function(
-            "list_visit_reasons",
+            "list_visit_reasons", intake.save_data, start_callback=intake.start_visit_reasons
-            intake.save_data,
+        )
-            start_callback=intake.start_visit_reasons)
 
         fl = FrameLogger("LLM Output")
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),   # Transport input
+            [
-            context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
+                transport.input(),  # Transport input
-            llm,                 # LLM
+                context_aggregator.user(),  # User responses
-            fl,                  # Frame logger
+                llm,  # LLM
-            tts,                 # TTS
+                fl,  # Frame logger
-            transport.output(),  # Transport output
+                tts,  # TTS
-            context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant responses
+                transport.output(),  # Transport output
-        ])
+                context_aggregator.assistant(),  # Assistant responses
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=False))
 

examples/patient-intake/runner.py

@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@ from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import DailyRESTHelper
 async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u",
+        "-u", "--url", type=str, required=False, help="URL of the Daily room to join"
-        "--url",
+    )
-        type=str,
-        required=False,
-        help="URL of the Daily room to join")
     parser.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--apikey",
@@ -34,15 +31,19 @@ async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
 
     if not url:
         raise Exception(
-            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL.")
+            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL."
+        )
 
     if not key:
-        raise Exception("No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers."
+        )
 
     daily_rest_helper = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=key,
         daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session)
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
+    )
 
     # Create a meeting token for the given room with an expiration 1 hour in
     # the future.

examples/patient-intake/server.py

@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
     cleanup()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -65,37 +66,34 @@ async def start_agent(request: Request):
     if not room.url:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=500,
-            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!")
+            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!",
+        )
 
     # Check if there is already an existing process running in this room
     num_bots_in_room = sum(
-        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None)
+        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None
+    )
     if num_bots_in_room >= MAX_BOTS_PER_ROOM:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Get the token for the room
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url)
 
     if not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Spawn a new agent, and join the user session
     # Note: this is mostly for demonstration purposes (refer to 'deployment' in README)
     try:
         proc = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
+            [f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"],
-                f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"
-            ],
             shell=True,
             bufsize=1,
-            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
         )
         bot_procs[proc.pid] = (proc, room.url)
     except Exception as e:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
 
     return RedirectResponse(room.url)
 
@@ -107,8 +105,7 @@ def get_status(pid: int):
 
     # If the subprocess doesn't exist, return an error
     if not proc:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
-            status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
 
     # Check the status of the subprocess
     if proc[0].poll() is None:
@@ -125,14 +122,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     default_host = os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0")
     default_port = int(os.getenv("FAST_API_PORT", "7860"))
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
-        description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
+    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default=default_host, help="Host address")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=default_port, help="Port number")
-                        default=default_host, help="Host address")
+    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true", help="Reload code on change")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
-                        default=default_port, help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
-                        help="Reload code on change")
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
     print(f"to join a test room, visit http://localhost:{config.port}/start")

examples/simple-chatbot/bot.py

@@ -14,14 +14,17 @@ from PIL import Image
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
-from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     OutputImageRawFrame,
     SpriteFrame,
     Frame,
     LLMMessagesFrame,
     TTSAudioRawFrame,
-    TTSStoppedFrame
+    TTSStoppedFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 from pipecat.services.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsTTSService
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -49,11 +53,7 @@ for i in range(1, 26):
     # Get the filename without the extension to use as the dictionary key
     # Open the image and convert it to bytes
     with Image.open(full_path) as img:
-        sprites.append(OutputImageRawFrame(
+        sprites.append(OutputImageRawFrame(image=img.tobytes(), size=img.size, format=img.format))
-            image=img.tobytes(),
-            size=img.size,
-            format=img.format)
-        )
 
 flipped = sprites[::-1]
 sprites.extend(flipped)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ async def main():
                 #     tier="nova",
                 #     model="2-general"
                 # )
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ async def main():
             # English
             #
             voice_id="pNInz6obpgDQGcFmaJgB",
-
             #
             # Spanish
             #
@@ -128,9 +127,7 @@ async def main():
             # voice_id="gD1IexrzCvsXPHUuT0s3",
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o")
 
         messages = [
             {
@@ -139,7 +136,6 @@ async def main():
                 # English
                 #
                 "content": "You are Chatbot, a friendly, helpful robot. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in a succinct way. Your output will be converted to audio so don't include special characters in your answers. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way, but keep your responses brief. Start by introducing yourself.",
-
                 #
                 # Spanish
                 #
@@ -152,15 +148,17 @@ async def main():
 
         ta = TalkingAnimation()
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            user_response,
+                transport.input(),
-            llm,
+                user_response,
-            tts,
+                llm,
-            ta,
+                tts,
-            transport.output(),
+                ta,
-            assistant_response,
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                assistant_response,
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
         await task.queue_frame(quiet_frame)

examples/simple-chatbot/runner.py

@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@ from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import DailyRESTHelper
 async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u",
+        "-u", "--url", type=str, required=False, help="URL of the Daily room to join"
-        "--url",
+    )
-        type=str,
-        required=False,
-        help="URL of the Daily room to join")
     parser.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--apikey",
@@ -34,15 +31,18 @@ async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
 
     if not url:
         raise Exception(
-            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL.")
+            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL."
+        )
 
     if not key:
-        raise Exception("No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers."
+        )
 
     daily_rest_helper = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=key,
         daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
 
     # Create a meeting token for the given room with an expiration 1 hour in

examples/simple-chatbot/server.py

@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
     cleanup()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -65,37 +66,34 @@ async def start_agent(request: Request):
     if not room.url:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=500,
-            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!")
+            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!",
+        )
 
     # Check if there is already an existing process running in this room
     num_bots_in_room = sum(
-        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None)
+        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None
+    )
     if num_bots_in_room >= MAX_BOTS_PER_ROOM:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Get the token for the room
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url)
 
     if not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Spawn a new agent, and join the user session
     # Note: this is mostly for demonstration purposes (refer to 'deployment' in README)
     try:
         proc = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
+            [f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"],
-                f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"
-            ],
             shell=True,
             bufsize=1,
-            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
         )
         bot_procs[proc.pid] = (proc, room.url)
     except Exception as e:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
 
     return RedirectResponse(room.url)
 
@@ -107,8 +105,7 @@ def get_status(pid: int):
 
     # If the subprocess doesn't exist, return an error
     if not proc:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
-            status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
 
     # Check the status of the subprocess
     if proc[0].poll() is None:
@@ -125,14 +122,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     default_host = os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0")
     default_port = int(os.getenv("FAST_API_PORT", "7860"))
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
-        description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
+    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default=default_host, help="Host address")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=default_port, help="Port number")
-                        default=default_host, help="Host address")
+    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true", help="Reload code on change")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
-                        default=default_port, help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
-                        help="Reload code on change")
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
 

examples/storytelling-chatbot/src/bot.py

@@ -9,11 +9,18 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import LLMMessagesFrame, StopTaskFrame, EndFrame
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
-from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.elevenlabs import ElevenLabsTTSService
 from pipecat.services.fal import FalImageGenService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
-from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport, DailyTransportMessageFrame
+from pipecat.transports.services.daily import (
+    DailyParams,
+    DailyTransport,
+    DailyTransportMessageFrame,
+)
 
 from processors import StoryProcessor, StoryImageProcessor
 from prompts import LLM_BASE_PROMPT, LLM_INTRO_PROMPT, CUE_USER_TURN
@@ -22,6 +29,7 @@ from utils.helpers import load_sounds, load_images
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -33,7 +41,6 @@ images = load_images(["book1.png", "book2.png"])
 
 async def main(room_url, token=None):
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-
         # -------------- Transport --------------- #
 
         transport = DailyTransport(
@@ -47,17 +54,14 @@ async def main(room_url, token=None):
                 camera_out_height=768,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         logger.debug("Transport created for room:" + room_url)
 
         # -------------- Services --------------- #
 
-        llm_service = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm_service = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o"
-        )
 
         tts_service = ElevenLabsTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_API_KEY"),
@@ -65,10 +69,7 @@ async def main(room_url, token=None):
         )
 
         fal_service_params = FalImageGenService.InputParams(
-            image_size={
+            image_size={"width": 768, "height": 768}
-                "width": 768,
-                "height": 768
-            }
         )
 
         fal_service = FalImageGenService(
@@ -110,12 +111,12 @@ async def main(room_url, token=None):
             transport.capture_participant_transcription(participant["id"])
             await intro_task.queue_frames(
                 [
-                    images['book1'],
+                    images["book1"],
                     LLMMessagesFrame([LLM_INTRO_PROMPT]),
                     DailyTransportMessageFrame(CUE_USER_TURN),
                     sounds["listening"],
-                    images['book2'],
+                    images["book2"],
-                    StopTaskFrame()
+                    StopTaskFrame(),
                 ]
             )
 
@@ -125,16 +126,18 @@ async def main(room_url, token=None):
 
         # The main story pipeline is used to continue the story based on user
         # input.
-        main_pipeline = Pipeline([
+        main_pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            user_responses,
+                transport.input(),
-            llm_service,
+                user_responses,
-            story_processor,
+                llm_service,
-            image_processor,
+                story_processor,
-            tts_service,
+                image_processor,
-            transport.output(),
+                tts_service,
-            llm_responses
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                llm_responses,
+            ]
+        )
 
         main_task = PipelineTask(main_pipeline)
 
@@ -150,6 +153,7 @@ async def main(room_url, token=None):
 
         await runner.run(main_task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily Storyteller Bot")
     parser.add_argument("-u", type=str, help="Room URL")

examples/storytelling-chatbot/src/bot_runner.py

@@ -20,10 +20,15 @@ from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
 from fastapi.responses import FileResponse, JSONResponse
 
 from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import (
-    DailyRESTHelper, DailyRoomObject, DailyRoomProperties, DailyRoomParams)
+    DailyRESTHelper,
+    DailyRoomObject,
+    DailyRoomProperties,
+    DailyRoomParams,
+)
 
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 # ------------ Fast API Config ------------ #
@@ -38,12 +43,13 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -85,55 +91,50 @@ async def start_bot(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
     room_url = os.getenv("DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL", "")
 
     if not room_url:
-        params = DailyRoomParams(
+        params = DailyRoomParams(properties=DailyRoomProperties())
-            properties=DailyRoomProperties()
-        )
         try:
             room: DailyRoomObject = await daily_helpers["rest"].create_room(params=params)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Unable to provision room {e}")
-                status_code=500,
-                detail=f"Unable to provision room {e}")
     else:
         # Check passed room URL exists, we should assume that it already has a sip set up
         try:
             room: DailyRoomObject = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_room_from_url(room_url)
         except Exception:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Room not found: {room_url}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Room not found: {room_url}")
 
     # Give the agent a token to join the session
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url, MAX_SESSION_TIME)
 
     if not room or not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room_url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room_url}")
 
     # Launch a new VM, or run as a shell process (not recommended)
     if os.getenv("RUN_AS_VM", False):
         try:
             await virtualize_bot(room.url, token)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to spawn VM: {e}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to spawn VM: {e}")
     else:
         try:
             subprocess.Popen(
                 [f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"],
                 shell=True,
                 bufsize=1,
-                cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+                cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
+            )
         except Exception as e:
-            raise HTTPException(
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-                status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
 
     # Grab a token for the user to join with
     user_token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url, MAX_SESSION_TIME)
 
-    return JSONResponse({
+    return JSONResponse(
-        "room_url": room.url,
+        {
-        "token": user_token,
+            "room_url": room.url,
-    })
+            "token": user_token,
+        }
+    )
 
 
 @app.get("/{path_name:path}", response_class=FileResponse)
@@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ async def catch_all(path_name: Optional[str] = ""):
 
 # ------------ Virtualization ------------ #
 
+
 async def virtualize_bot(room_url: str, token: str):
     """
     This is an example of how to virtualize the bot using Fly.io
@@ -163,20 +165,19 @@ async def virtualize_bot(room_url: str, token: str):
     FLY_API_HOST = os.getenv("FLY_API_HOST", "https://api.machines.dev/v1")
     FLY_APP_NAME = os.getenv("FLY_APP_NAME", "storytelling-chatbot")
     FLY_API_KEY = os.getenv("FLY_API_KEY", "")
-    FLY_HEADERS = {
+    FLY_HEADERS = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {FLY_API_KEY}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
-        'Authorization': f"Bearer {FLY_API_KEY}",
-        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
-    }
 
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
         # Use the same image as the bot runner
-        async with session.get(f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS) as r:
+        async with session.get(
+            f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS
+        ) as r:
             if r.status != 200:
                 text = await r.text()
                 raise Exception(f"Unable to get machine info from Fly: {text}")
 
             data = await r.json()
-            image = data[0]['config']['image']
+            image = data[0]["config"]["image"]
 
         # Machine configuration
         cmd = f"python3 src/bot.py -u {room_url} -t {token}"
@@ -185,31 +186,28 @@ async def virtualize_bot(room_url: str, token: str):
             "config": {
                 "image": image,
                 "auto_destroy": True,
-                "init": {
+                "init": {"cmd": cmd},
-                    "cmd": cmd
+                "restart": {"policy": "no"},
-                },
+                "guest": {"cpu_kind": "shared", "cpus": 1, "memory_mb": 512},
-                "restart": {
-                    "policy": "no"
-                },
-                "guest": {
-                    "cpu_kind": "shared",
-                    "cpus": 1,
-                    "memory_mb": 512
-                }
             },
         }
 
         # Spawn a new machine instance
-        async with session.post(f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS, json=worker_props) as r:
+        async with session.post(
+            f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines", headers=FLY_HEADERS, json=worker_props
+        ) as r:
             if r.status != 200:
                 text = await r.text()
                 raise Exception(f"Problem starting a bot worker: {text}")
 
             data = await r.json()
             # Wait for the machine to enter the started state
-            vm_id = data['id']
+            vm_id = data["id"]
 
-        async with session.get(f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines/{vm_id}/wait?state=started", headers=FLY_HEADERS) as r:
+        async with session.get(
+            f"{FLY_API_HOST}/apps/{FLY_APP_NAME}/machines/{vm_id}/wait?state=started",
+            headers=FLY_HEADERS,
+        ) as r:
             if r.status != 200:
                 text = await r.text()
                 raise Exception(f"Bot was unable to enter started state: {text}")
@@ -221,8 +219,13 @@ async def virtualize_bot(room_url: str, token: str):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Check environment variables
-    required_env_vars = ['OPENAI_API_KEY', 'DAILY_API_KEY',
+    required_env_vars = [
-                         'FAL_KEY', 'ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID', 'ELEVENLABS_API_KEY']
+        "OPENAI_API_KEY",
+        "DAILY_API_KEY",
+        "FAL_KEY",
+        "ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID",
+        "ELEVENLABS_API_KEY",
+    ]
     for env_var in required_env_vars:
         if env_var not in os.environ:
             raise Exception(f"Missing environment variable: {env_var}.")
@@ -232,20 +235,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     default_host = os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0")
     default_port = int(os.getenv("FAST_API_PORT", "7860"))
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
-        description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
+    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default=default_host, help="Host address")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=default_port, help="Port number")
-                        default=default_host, help="Host address")
+    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true", help="Reload code on change")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
-                        default=default_port, help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
-                        help="Reload code on change")
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
 
-    uvicorn.run(
+    uvicorn.run("bot_runner:app", host=config.host, port=config.port, reload=config.reload)
-        "bot_runner:app",
-        host=config.host,
-        port=config.port,
-        reload=config.reload
-    )

examples/storytelling-chatbot/src/processors.py

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
     TextFrame,
-    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame)
+    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyTransportMessageFrame
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ class StoryPromptFrame(TextFrame):
 
 # ------------ Frame Processors ----------- #
 
+
 class StoryImageProcessor(FrameProcessor):
     """
     Processor for image prompt frames that will be sent to the FAL service.
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ class StoryProcessor(FrameProcessor):
                 # Extract the image prompt from the text using regex
                 image_prompt = re.search(r"<(.*?)>", self._text).group(1)
                 # Remove the image prompt from the text
-                self._text = re.sub(r"<.*?>", '', self._text, count=1)
+                self._text = re.sub(r"<.*?>", "", self._text, count=1)
                 # Process the image prompt frame
                 await self.push_frame(StoryImageFrame(image_prompt))
 
@@ -124,8 +126,7 @@ class StoryProcessor(FrameProcessor):
             if re.search(r".*\[[bB]reak\].*", self._text):
                 # Remove the [break] token from the text
                 # so it isn't spoken out loud by the TTS
-                self._text = re.sub(r'\[[bB]reak\]', '',
+                self._text = re.sub(r"\[[bB]reak\]", "", self._text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
-                                    self._text, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
                 self._text = self._text.replace("\n", " ")
                 if len(self._text) > 2:
                     # Append the sentence to the story

examples/storytelling-chatbot/src/prompts.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ LLM_INTRO_PROMPT = {
     "content": "You are a creative storyteller who loves to tell whimsical, fantastical stories. \
         Your goal is to craft an engaging and fun story. \
         Start by asking the user what kind of story they'd like to hear. Don't provide any examples. \
-        Keep your response to only a few sentences."
+        Keep your response to only a few sentences.",
 }
 
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ LLM_BASE_PROMPT = {
         Responses should use the format: <...> story sentence [break] <...> story sentence [break] ... \
         After each response, ask me how I'd like the story to continue and wait for my input. \
         Please ensure your responses are less than 3-4 sentences long. \
-        Please refrain from using any explicit language or content. Do not tell scary stories."
+        Please refrain from using any explicit language or content. Do not tell scary stories.",
 }
 
 

examples/storytelling-chatbot/src/utils/helpers.py

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ def load_images(image_files):
         # Open the image and convert it to bytes
         with Image.open(full_path) as img:
             images[filename] = OutputImageRawFrame(
-                image=img.tobytes(), size=img.size, format=img.format)
+                image=img.tobytes(), size=img.size, format=img.format
+            )
     return images
 
 
@@ -31,8 +32,10 @@ def load_sounds(sound_files):
         filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(full_path))[0]
         # Open the sound and convert it to bytes
         with wave.open(full_path) as audio_file:
-            sounds[filename] = OutputAudioRawFrame(audio=audio_file.readframes(-1),
+            sounds[filename] = OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                                                   sample_rate=audio_file.getframerate(),
+                audio=audio_file.readframes(-1),
-                                                   num_channels=audio_file.getnchannels())
+                sample_rate=audio_file.getframerate(),
+                num_channels=audio_file.getnchannels(),
+            )
 
     return sounds

examples/studypal/runner.py

@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@ async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
 
 
 async def configure_with_args(
-        aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
+    aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession, parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None
-        parser: argparse.ArgumentParser | None = None):
+):
     if not parser:
         parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u",
+        "-u", "--url", type=str, required=False, help="URL of the Daily room to join"
-        "--url",
+    )
-        type=str,
-        required=False,
-        help="URL of the Daily room to join")
     parser.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--apikey",
@@ -42,15 +39,19 @@ async def configure_with_args(
 
     if not url:
         raise Exception(
-            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL.")
+            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL."
+        )
 
     if not key:
-        raise Exception("No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers."
+        )
 
     daily_rest_helper = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=key,
         daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session)
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
+    )
 
     # Create a meeting token for the given room with an expiration 1 hour in
     # the future.

examples/studypal/studypal.py

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
-    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator, LLMUserResponseAggregator)
+    LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
+)
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 # Run this script directly from your command line.
@@ -45,15 +48,17 @@ def truncate_content(content, model_name):
         return encoding.decode(truncated_tokens)
     return content
 
+
 # Main function to extract content from url
 
 
 async def get_article_content(url: str, aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
-    if 'arxiv.org' in url:
+    if "arxiv.org" in url:
         return await get_arxiv_content(url, aiohttp_session)
     else:
         return await get_wikipedia_content(url, aiohttp_session)
 
+
 # Helper function to extract content from Wikipedia url (this is
 # technically agnostic to URL type but will work best with Wikipedia
 # articles)
@@ -65,23 +70,24 @@ async def get_wikipedia_content(url: str, aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession
             return "Failed to download Wikipedia article."
 
         text = await response.text()
-        soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')
+        soup = BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser")
 
-        content = soup.find('div', {'class': 'mw-parser-output'})
+        content = soup.find("div", {"class": "mw-parser-output"})
 
         if content:
             return content.get_text()
         else:
             return "Failed to extract Wikipedia article content."
 
+
 # Helper function to extract content from arXiv url
 
 
 async def get_arxiv_content(url: str, aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
-    if '/abs/' in url:
+    if "/abs/" in url:
-        url = url.replace('/abs/', '/pdf/')
+        url = url.replace("/abs/", "/pdf/")
-    if not url.endswith('.pdf'):
+    if not url.endswith(".pdf"):
-        url += '.pdf'
+        url += ".pdf"
 
     async with aiohttp_session.get(url) as response:
         if response.status != 200:
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@ async def get_arxiv_content(url: str, aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
             text += page.extract_text()
         return text
 
+
 # This is the main function that handles STT -> LLM -> TTS
 
 
@@ -116,8 +123,8 @@ async def main():
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
-                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()
+                vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
@@ -129,29 +136,33 @@ async def main():
             ),
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o-mini")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o-mini")
 
-        messages = [{
+        messages = [
-            "role": "system", "content": f"""You are an AI study partner. You have been given the following article content:
+            {
+                "role": "system",
+                "content": f"""You are an AI study partner. You have been given the following article content:
 
 {article_content}
 
 Your task is to help the user understand and learn from this article in 2 sentences. THESE RESPONSES SHOULD BE ONLY MAX 2 SENTENCES. THIS INSTRUCTION IS VERY IMPORTANT. RESPONSES SHOULDN'T BE LONG.
-""", }, ]
+""",
+            },
+        ]
 
         tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
         tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline(
-            transport.input(),
+            [
-            tma_in,
+                transport.input(),
-            llm,
+                tma_in,
-            tts,
+                llm,
-            transport.output(),
+                tts,
-            tma_out,
+                transport.output(),
-        ])
+                tma_out,
+            ]
+        )
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True))
 
@@ -161,12 +172,15 @@ Your task is to help the user understand and learn from this article in 2 senten
             messages.append(
                 {
                     "role": "system",
-                    "content": "Hello! I'm ready to discuss the article with you. What would you like to learn about?"})
+                    "content": "Hello! I'm ready to discuss the article with you. What would you like to learn about?",
+                }
+            )
             await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()
 
         await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

examples/translation-chatbot/bot.py

@@ -22,13 +22,15 @@ from pipecat.transports.services.daily import (
     DailyParams,
     DailyTranscriptionSettings,
     DailyTransport,
-    DailyTransportMessageFrame)
+    DailyTransportMessageFrame,
+)
 
 from runner import configure
 
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -44,7 +46,6 @@ It also isn't saving what the user or bot says into the context object for use i
 # We need to use a custom service here to yield LLM frames without saving
 # any context
 class TranslationProcessor(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, language):
         super().__init__()
         self._language = language
@@ -80,10 +81,7 @@ class TranslationSubtitles(FrameProcessor):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
         if isinstance(frame, TextFrame):
-            message = {
+            message = {"language": self._language, "text": frame.text}
-                "language": self._language,
-                "text": frame.text
-            }
             await self.push_frame(DailyTransportMessageFrame(message))
 
         await self.push_frame(frame)
@@ -100,10 +98,8 @@ async def main():
             DailyParams(
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
-                transcription_settings=DailyTranscriptionSettings(extra={
+                transcription_settings=DailyTranscriptionSettings(extra={"interim_results": False}),
-                    "interim_results": False
+            ),
-                })
-            )
         )
 
         tts = AzureTTSService(
@@ -112,26 +108,14 @@ async def main():
             voice="es-ES-AlvaroNeural",
         )
 
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-            api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-            model="gpt-4o"
-        )
 
         sa = SentenceAggregator()
         tp = TranslationProcessor("Spanish")
         lfra = LLMFullResponseAggregator()
         ts = TranslationSubtitles("spanish")
 
-        pipeline = Pipeline([
+        pipeline = Pipeline([transport.input(), sa, tp, llm, lfra, ts, tts, transport.output()])
-            transport.input(),
-            sa,
-            tp,
-            llm,
-            lfra,
-            ts,
-            tts,
-            transport.output()
-        ])
 
         task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 

examples/translation-chatbot/runner.py

@@ -15,11 +15,8 @@ from pipecat.transports.services.helpers.daily_rest import DailyRESTHelper
 async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily AI SDK Bot Sample")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-u",
+        "-u", "--url", type=str, required=False, help="URL of the Daily room to join"
-        "--url",
+    )
-        type=str,
-        required=False,
-        help="URL of the Daily room to join")
     parser.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--apikey",
@@ -35,15 +32,18 @@ async def configure(aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession):
 
     if not url:
         raise Exception(
-            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL.")
+            "No Daily room specified. use the -u/--url option from the command line, or set DAILY_SAMPLE_ROOM_URL in your environment to specify a Daily room URL."
+        )
 
     if not key:
-        raise Exception("No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "No Daily API key specified. use the -k/--apikey option from the command line, or set DAILY_API_KEY in your environment to specify a Daily API key, available from https://dashboard.daily.co/developers."
+        )
 
     daily_rest_helper = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=key,
         daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
 
     # Create a meeting token for the given room with an expiration 1 hour in

examples/translation-chatbot/server.py

@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     aiohttp_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
     daily_helpers["rest"] = DailyRESTHelper(
         daily_api_key=os.getenv("DAILY_API_KEY", ""),
-        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", 'https://api.daily.co/v1'),
+        daily_api_url=os.getenv("DAILY_API_URL", "https://api.daily.co/v1"),
-        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session
+        aiohttp_session=aiohttp_session,
     )
     yield
     await aiohttp_session.close()
     cleanup()
 
+
 app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
 
 app.add_middleware(
@@ -65,37 +66,34 @@ async def start_agent(request: Request):
     if not room.url:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=500,
-            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!")
+            detail="Missing 'room' property in request data. Cannot start agent without a target room!",
+        )
 
     # Check if there is already an existing process running in this room
     num_bots_in_room = sum(
-        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None)
+        1 for proc in bot_procs.values() if proc[1] == room.url and proc[0].poll() is None
+    )
     if num_bots_in_room >= MAX_BOTS_PER_ROOM:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Max bot limited reach for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Get the token for the room
     token = await daily_helpers["rest"].get_token(room.url)
 
     if not token:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to get token for room: {room.url}")
 
     # Spawn a new agent, and join the user session
     # Note: this is mostly for demonstration purposes (refer to 'deployment' in README)
     try:
         proc = subprocess.Popen(
-            [
+            [f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"],
-                f"python3 -m bot -u {room.url} -t {token}"
-            ],
             shell=True,
             bufsize=1,
-            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+            cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
         )
         bot_procs[proc.pid] = (proc, room.url)
     except Exception as e:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
-            status_code=500, detail=f"Failed to start subprocess: {e}")
 
     return RedirectResponse(room.url)
 
@@ -107,8 +105,7 @@ def get_status(pid: int):
 
     # If the subprocess doesn't exist, return an error
     if not proc:
-        raise HTTPException(
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
-            status_code=404, detail=f"Bot with process id: {pid} not found")
 
     # Check the status of the subprocess
     if proc[0].poll() is None:
@@ -125,14 +122,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     default_host = os.getenv("HOST", "0.0.0.0")
     default_port = int(os.getenv("FAST_API_PORT", "7860"))
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
-        description="Daily Storyteller FastAPI server")
+    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default=default_host, help="Host address")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str,
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=default_port, help="Port number")
-                        default=default_host, help="Host address")
+    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true", help="Reload code on change")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int,
-                        default=default_port, help="Port number")
-    parser.add_argument("--reload", action="store_true",
-                        help="Reload code on change")
 
     config = parser.parse_args()
 

examples/twilio-chatbot/bot.py

@@ -7,18 +7,22 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
     LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
-    LLMUserResponseAggregator
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
 )
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
 from pipecat.services.deepgram import DeepgramSTTService
-from pipecat.transports.network.fastapi_websocket import FastAPIWebsocketTransport, FastAPIWebsocketParams
+from pipecat.transports.network.fastapi_websocket import (
+    FastAPIWebsocketTransport,
+    FastAPIWebsocketParams,
+)
 from pipecat.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
 from pipecat.serializers.twilio import TwilioFrameSerializer
 
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -34,15 +38,13 @@ async def run_bot(websocket_client, stream_sid):
             vad_enabled=True,
             vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
             vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-            serializer=TwilioFrameSerializer(stream_sid)
+            serializer=TwilioFrameSerializer(stream_sid),
-        )
+        ),
     )
 
-    llm = OpenAILLMService(
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-        model="gpt-4o")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv('DEEPGRAM_API_KEY'))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
         api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
@@ -59,23 +61,24 @@ async def run_bot(websocket_client, stream_sid):
     tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
     tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-    pipeline = Pipeline([
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
-        transport.input(),   # Websocket input from client
+        [
-        stt,                 # Speech-To-Text
+            transport.input(),  # Websocket input from client
-        tma_in,              # User responses
+            stt,  # Speech-To-Text
-        llm,                 # LLM
+            tma_in,  # User responses
-        tts,                 # Text-To-Speech
+            llm,  # LLM
-        transport.output(),  # Websocket output to client
+            tts,  # Text-To-Speech
-        tma_out              # LLM responses
+            transport.output(),  # Websocket output to client
-    ])
+            tma_out,  # LLM responses
+        ]
+    )
 
     task = PipelineTask(pipeline, params=PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
         # Kick off the conversation.
-        messages.append(
+        messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-            {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
         await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_disconnected")

examples/twilio-chatbot/server.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ app.add_middleware(
 )
 
 
-@app.post('/start_call')
+@app.post("/start_call")
 async def start_call():
     print("POST TwiML")
     return HTMLResponse(content=open("templates/streams.xml").read(), media_type="application/xml")
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
     await start_data.__anext__()
     call_data = json.loads(await start_data.__anext__())
     print(call_data, flush=True)
-    stream_sid = call_data['start']['streamSid']
+    stream_sid = call_data["start"]["streamSid"]
     print("WebSocket connection accepted")
     await run_bot(websocket, stream_sid)
 

examples/websocket-server/bot.py

@@ -14,17 +14,21 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response import (
     LLMAssistantResponseAggregator,
-    LLMUserResponseAggregator
+    LLMUserResponseAggregator,
 )
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.deepgram import DeepgramSTTService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
-from pipecat.transports.network.websocket_server import WebsocketServerParams, WebsocketServerTransport
+from pipecat.transports.network.websocket_server import (
+    WebsocketServerParams,
+    WebsocketServerTransport,
+)
 from pipecat.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
 
 from loguru import logger
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
 load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 logger.remove(0)
@@ -38,13 +42,11 @@ async def main():
             add_wav_header=True,
             vad_enabled=True,
             vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
-            vad_audio_passthrough=True
+            vad_audio_passthrough=True,
         )
     )
 
-    llm = OpenAILLMService(
+    llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
-        model="gpt-4o")
 
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
 
@@ -63,28 +65,30 @@ async def main():
     tma_in = LLMUserResponseAggregator(messages)
     tma_out = LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(messages)
 
-    pipeline = Pipeline([
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
-        transport.input(),   # Websocket input from client
+        [
-        stt,                 # Speech-To-Text
+            transport.input(),  # Websocket input from client
-        tma_in,              # User responses
+            stt,  # Speech-To-Text
-        llm,                 # LLM
+            tma_in,  # User responses
-        tts,                 # Text-To-Speech
+            llm,  # LLM
-        transport.output(),  # Websocket output to client
+            tts,  # Text-To-Speech
-        tma_out              # LLM responses
+            transport.output(),  # Websocket output to client
-    ])
+            tma_out,  # LLM responses
+        ]
+    )
 
     task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
         # Kick off the conversation.
-        messages.append(
+        messages.append({"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
-            {"role": "system", "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user."})
         await task.queue_frames([LLMMessagesFrame(messages)])
 
     runner = PipelineRunner()
 
     await runner.run(task)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

pyproject.toml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ moondream = [ "einops~=0.8.0", "timm~=1.0.8", "transformers~=4.44.0" ]
 openai = [ "openai~=1.37.2" ]
 openpipe = [ "openpipe~=4.24.0" ]
 playht = [ "pyht~=0.0.28" ]
-silero = [ "silero-vad~=5.1" ]
+silero = [ "onnxruntime>=1.16.1" ]
 together = [ "together~=1.2.7" ]
 websocket = [ "websockets~=12.0", "fastapi~=0.112.1" ]
 whisper = [ "faster-whisper~=1.0.3" ]

src/pipecat/clocks/base_clock.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
 
 class BaseClock(ABC):
-
     @abstractmethod
     def get_time(self) -> int:
         pass

src/pipecat/clocks/system_clock.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from pipecat.clocks.base_clock import BaseClock
 
 
 class SystemClock(BaseClock):
-
     def __init__(self):
         self._time = 0
 

src/pipecat/frames/frames.py

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class DataFrame(Frame):
 @dataclass
 class AudioRawFrame(DataFrame):
     """A chunk of audio."""
+
     audio: bytes
     sample_rate: int
     num_channels: int
@@ -58,9 +59,8 @@ class AudioRawFrame(DataFrame):
 
 @dataclass
 class InputAudioRawFrame(AudioRawFrame):
-    """A chunk of audio usually coming from an input transport.
+    """A chunk of audio usually coming from an input transport."""
 
-    """
     pass
 
 
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ class OutputAudioRawFrame(AudioRawFrame):
     transport's microphone has been enabled.
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class TTSAudioRawFrame(OutputAudioRawFrame):
-    """A chunk of output audio generated by a TTS service.
+    """A chunk of output audio generated by a TTS service."""
 
-    """
     pass
 
 
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ class ImageRawFrame(DataFrame):
     enabled.
 
     """
+
     image: bytes
     size: Tuple[int, int]
     format: str | None
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ class UserImageRawFrame(InputImageRawFrame):
     transport's camera is enabled.
 
     """
+
     user_id: str
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -125,11 +127,14 @@ class VisionImageRawFrame(InputImageRawFrame):
     shown by the transport if the transport's camera is enabled.
 
     """
+
     text: str | None
 
     def __str__(self):
         pts = format_pts(self.pts)
-        return f"{self.name}(pts: {pts}, text: {self.text}, size: {self.size}, format: {self.format})"
+        return (
+            f"{self.name}(pts: {pts}, text: {self.text}, size: {self.size}, format: {self.format})"
+        )
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -138,6 +143,7 @@ class URLImageRawFrame(OutputImageRawFrame):
     transport's camera is enabled.
 
     """
+
     url: str | None
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ class SpriteFrame(Frame):
     `camera_out_framerate` constructor parameter.
 
     """
+
     images: List[ImageRawFrame]
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -165,6 +172,7 @@ class TextFrame(DataFrame):
     be used to send text through pipelines.
 
     """
+
     text: str
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -178,6 +186,7 @@ class TranscriptionFrame(TextFrame):
     transport's receive queue when a participant speaks.
 
     """
+
     user_id: str
     timestamp: str
     language: Language | None = None
@@ -190,6 +199,7 @@ class TranscriptionFrame(TextFrame):
 class InterimTranscriptionFrame(TextFrame):
     """A text frame with interim transcription-specific data. Will be placed in
     the transport's receive queue when a participant speaks."""
+
     user_id: str
     timestamp: str
     language: Language | None = None
@@ -207,6 +217,7 @@ class LLMMessagesFrame(DataFrame):
     processors.
 
     """
+
     messages: List[dict]
 
 
@@ -216,6 +227,7 @@ class LLMMessagesAppendFrame(DataFrame):
     current context.
 
     """
+
     messages: List[dict]
 
 
@@ -226,6 +238,7 @@ class LLMMessagesUpdateFrame(DataFrame):
     LLMMessagesFrame.
 
     """
+
     messages: List[dict]
 
 
@@ -235,13 +248,14 @@ class LLMSetToolsFrame(DataFrame):
     The specific format depends on the LLM being used, but it should typically
     contain JSON Schema objects.
     """
+
     tools: List[dict]
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMEnablePromptCachingFrame(DataFrame):
-    """A frame to enable/disable prompt caching in certain LLMs.
+    """A frame to enable/disable prompt caching in certain LLMs."""
-    """
+
     enable: bool
 
 
@@ -251,6 +265,7 @@ class TTSSpeakFrame(DataFrame):
     pipeline (if any).
 
     """
+
     text: str
 
 
@@ -262,6 +277,7 @@ class TransportMessageFrame(DataFrame):
     def __str__(self):
         return f"{self.name}(message: {self.message})"
 
+
 #
 # App frames. Application user-defined frames.
 #
@@ -271,6 +287,7 @@ class TransportMessageFrame(DataFrame):
 class AppFrame(Frame):
     pass
 
+
 #
 # System frames
 #
@@ -284,6 +301,7 @@ class SystemFrame(Frame):
 @dataclass
 class StartFrame(SystemFrame):
     """This is the first frame that should be pushed down a pipeline."""
+
     clock: BaseClock
     allow_interruptions: bool = False
     enable_metrics: bool = False
@@ -294,6 +312,7 @@ class StartFrame(SystemFrame):
 @dataclass
 class CancelFrame(SystemFrame):
     """Indicates that a pipeline needs to stop right away."""
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -304,6 +323,7 @@ class ErrorFrame(SystemFrame):
     bot should exit.
 
     """
+
     error: str
     fatal: bool = False
 
@@ -317,6 +337,7 @@ class FatalErrorFrame(ErrorFrame):
     that the bot should exit.
 
     """
+
     fatal: bool = field(default=True, init=False)
 
 
@@ -327,6 +348,7 @@ class StopTaskFrame(SystemFrame):
     the pipeline task.
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -338,6 +360,7 @@ class StartInterruptionFrame(SystemFrame):
     guaranteed).
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -349,6 +372,7 @@ class StopInterruptionFrame(SystemFrame):
     guaranteed).
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -359,13 +383,14 @@ class BotInterruptionFrame(SystemFrame):
     UserStartedSpeakingFrame and UserStoppedSpeakingFrame won't be generated.
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class MetricsFrame(SystemFrame):
-    """Emitted by processor that can compute metrics like latencies.
+    """Emitted by processor that can compute metrics like latencies."""
-    """
+
     data: List[MetricsData]
 
 
@@ -388,6 +413,7 @@ class EndFrame(ControlFrame):
     was sent (unline system frames).
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -395,12 +421,14 @@ class EndFrame(ControlFrame):
 class LLMFullResponseStartFrame(ControlFrame):
     """Used to indicate the beginning of an LLM response. Following by one or
     more TextFrame and a final LLMFullResponseEndFrame."""
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMFullResponseEndFrame(ControlFrame):
     """Indicates the end of an LLM response."""
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -412,28 +440,28 @@ class UserStartedSpeakingFrame(ControlFrame):
     with a TranscriptionFrame)
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class UserStoppedSpeakingFrame(ControlFrame):
     """Emitted by the VAD to indicate that a user stopped speaking."""
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class BotStartedSpeakingFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """Emitted upstream by transport outputs to indicate the bot started speaking.
+    """Emitted upstream by transport outputs to indicate the bot started speaking."""
 
-    """
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class BotStoppedSpeakingFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """Emitted upstream by transport outputs to indicate the bot stopped speaking.
+    """Emitted upstream by transport outputs to indicate the bot stopped speaking."""
 
-    """
     pass
 
 
@@ -445,6 +473,7 @@ class BotSpeakingFrame(ControlFrame):
     since the user might be listening.
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
@@ -457,18 +486,21 @@ class TTSStartedFrame(ControlFrame):
     needing to control this in the TTS service.
 
     """
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class TTSStoppedFrame(ControlFrame):
     """Indicates the end of a TTS response."""
+
     pass
 
 
 @dataclass
 class UserImageRequestFrame(ControlFrame):
     """A frame user to request an image from the given user."""
+
     user_id: str
     context: Optional[Any] = None
 
@@ -478,29 +510,29 @@ class UserImageRequestFrame(ControlFrame):
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMModelUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM model.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM model."""
-    """
+
     model: str
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMTemperatureUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM temperature.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM temperature."""
-    """
+
     temperature: float
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMTopKUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM top_k.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM top_k."""
-    """
+
     top_k: int
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMTopPUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM top_p.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM top_p."""
-    """
+
     top_p: float
 
 
@@ -510,6 +542,7 @@ class LLMFrequencyPenaltyUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
     penalty.
 
     """
+
     frequency_penalty: float
 
 
@@ -519,41 +552,42 @@ class LLMPresencePenaltyUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
     penalty.
 
     """
+
     presence_penalty: float
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMMaxTokensUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM max tokens.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM max tokens."""
-    """
+
     max_tokens: int
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMSeedUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM seed.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM seed."""
-    """
+
     seed: int
 
 
 @dataclass
 class LLMExtraUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM extra params.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new LLM extra params."""
-    """
+
     extra: dict
 
 
 @dataclass
 class TTSModelUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update the TTS model.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update the TTS model."""
-    """
+
     model: str
 
 
 @dataclass
 class TTSVoiceUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new TTS voice.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to a new TTS voice."""
-    """
+
     voice: str
 
 
@@ -563,6 +597,7 @@ class TTSLanguageUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
     optional voice.
 
     """
+
     language: Language
 
 
@@ -572,20 +607,21 @@ class STTModelUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
     language.
 
     """
+
     model: str
 
 
 @dataclass
 class STTLanguageUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
-    """A control frame containing a request to update to STT language.
+    """A control frame containing a request to update to STT language."""
-    """
+
     language: Language
 
 
 @dataclass
 class FunctionCallInProgressFrame(SystemFrame):
-    """A frame signaling that a function call is in progress.
+    """A frame signaling that a function call is in progress."""
-    """
+
     function_name: str
     tool_call_id: str
     arguments: str
@@ -593,8 +629,8 @@ class FunctionCallInProgressFrame(SystemFrame):
 
 @dataclass
 class FunctionCallResultFrame(DataFrame):
-    """A frame containing the result of an LLM function (tool) call.
+    """A frame containing the result of an LLM function (tool) call."""
-    """
+
     function_name: str
     tool_call_id: str
     arguments: str
@@ -606,4 +642,5 @@ class VADParamsUpdateFrame(ControlFrame):
     """A control frame containing a request to update VAD params. Intended
     to be pushed upstream from RTVI processor.
     """
+
     params: VADParams

src/pipecat/pipeline/base_pipeline.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameProcessor
 
 
 class BasePipeline(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
 

src/pipecat/pipeline/parallel_pipeline.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from loguru import logger
 
 
 class Source(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, upstream_queue: asyncio.Queue):
         super().__init__()
         self._up_queue = upstream_queue
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ class Source(FrameProcessor):
 
 
 class Sink(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, downstream_queue: asyncio.Queue):
         super().__init__()
         self._down_queue = downstream_queue

src/pipecat/pipeline/pipeline.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
 
 class PipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, upstream_push_frame: Callable[[Frame, FrameDirection], Coroutine]):
         super().__init__()
         self._upstream_push_frame = upstream_push_frame
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ class PipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
 
 
 class PipelineSink(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, downstream_push_frame: Callable[[Frame, FrameDirection], Coroutine]):
         super().__init__()
         self._downstream_push_frame = downstream_push_frame
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ class PipelineSink(FrameProcessor):
 
 
 class Pipeline(BasePipeline):
-
     def __init__(self, processors: List[FrameProcessor]):
         super().__init__()
 

src/pipecat/pipeline/runner.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from loguru import logger
 
 
 class PipelineRunner:
-
     def __init__(self, *, name: str | None = None, handle_sigint: bool = True):
         self.id: int = obj_id()
         self.name: str = name or f"{self.__class__.__name__}#{obj_count(self)}"
@@ -42,12 +41,10 @@ class PipelineRunner:
     def _setup_sigint(self):
         loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         loop.add_signal_handler(
-            signal.SIGINT,
+            signal.SIGINT, lambda *args: asyncio.create_task(self._sig_handler())
-            lambda *args: asyncio.create_task(self._sig_handler())
         )
         loop.add_signal_handler(
-            signal.SIGTERM,
+            signal.SIGTERM, lambda *args: asyncio.create_task(self._sig_handler())
-            lambda *args: asyncio.create_task(self._sig_handler())
         )
 
     async def _sig_handler(self):

src/pipecat/pipeline/sync_parallel_pipeline.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from loguru import logger
 
 
 class Source(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, upstream_queue: asyncio.Queue):
         super().__init__()
         self._up_queue = upstream_queue
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ class Source(FrameProcessor):
 
 
 class Sink(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, downstream_queue: asyncio.Queue):
         super().__init__()
         self._down_queue = downstream_queue

src/pipecat/pipeline/task.py

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     MetricsFrame,
     StartFrame,
-    StopTaskFrame)
+    StopTaskFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.metrics.metrics import TTFBMetricsData, ProcessingMetricsData
 from pipecat.pipeline.base_pipeline import BasePipeline
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@ class PipelineParams(BaseModel):
 
 
 class Source(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, up_queue: asyncio.Queue):
         super().__init__()
         self._up_queue = up_queue
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ class Source(FrameProcessor):
 
 
 class PipelineTask:
-
     def __init__(
-            self,
+        self,
-            pipeline: BasePipeline,
+        pipeline: BasePipeline,
-            params: PipelineParams = PipelineParams(),
+        params: PipelineParams = PipelineParams(),
-            clock: BaseClock = SystemClock()):
+        clock: BaseClock = SystemClock(),
+    ):
         self.id: int = obj_id()
         self.name: str = f"{self.__class__.__name__}#{obj_count(self)}"
 
@@ -133,12 +133,14 @@ class PipelineTask:
             enable_metrics=self._params.enable_metrics,
             enable_usage_metrics=self._params.enable_metrics,
             report_only_initial_ttfb=self._params.report_only_initial_ttfb,
-            clock=self._clock
+            clock=self._clock,
         )
         await self._source.process_frame(start_frame, FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
 
         if self._params.enable_metrics and self._params.send_initial_empty_metrics:
-            await self._source.process_frame(self._initial_metrics_frame(), FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
+            await self._source.process_frame(
+                self._initial_metrics_frame(), FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM
+            )
 
         running = True
         should_cleanup = True

src/pipecat/pipeline/to_be_updated/merge_pipeline.py

@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ class SequentialMergePipeline(Pipeline):
         for idx, pipeline in enumerate(self.pipelines):
             while True:
                 frame = await pipeline.sink.get()
-                if isinstance(
+                if isinstance(frame, EndFrame) or isinstance(frame, EndPipeFrame):
-                        frame, EndFrame) or isinstance(
-                        frame, EndPipeFrame):
                     break
                 await self.sink.put(frame)
 

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/gated.py

@@ -41,8 +41,13 @@ class GatedAggregator(FrameProcessor):
     Goodbye.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, gate_open_fn, gate_close_fn, start_open,
+    def __init__(
-                 direction: FrameDirection = FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM):
+        self,
+        gate_open_fn,
+        gate_close_fn,
+        start_open,
+        direction: FrameDirection = FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM,
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self._gate_open_fn = gate_open_fn
         self._gate_close_fn = gate_close_fn
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ class GatedAggregator(FrameProcessor):
 
         if self._gate_open:
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
-            for (f, d) in self._accumulator:
+            for f, d in self._accumulator:
                 await self.push_frame(f, d)
             self._accumulator = []
         else:

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/llm_response.py

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@
 
 from typing import List, Type
 
-from pipecat.processors.aggregators.openai_llm_context import OpenAILLMContextFrame, OpenAILLMContext
+from pipecat.processors.aggregators.openai_llm_context import (
+    OpenAILLMContextFrame,
+    OpenAILLMContext,
+)
 
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 from pipecat.frames.frames import (
@@ -22,11 +25,11 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     TranscriptionFrame,
     TextFrame,
     UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
-    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame)
+    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+)
 
 
 class LLMResponseAggregator(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ class LLMResponseAggregator(FrameProcessor):
         end_frame,
         accumulator_frame: Type[TextFrame],
         interim_accumulator_frame: Type[TextFrame] | None = None,
-        handle_interruptions: bool = False
+        handle_interruptions: bool = False,
     ):
         super().__init__()
 
@@ -175,7 +178,7 @@ class LLMAssistantResponseAggregator(LLMResponseAggregator):
             start_frame=LLMFullResponseStartFrame,
             end_frame=LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
             accumulator_frame=TextFrame,
-            handle_interruptions=True
+            handle_interruptions=True,
         )
 
 
@@ -187,7 +190,7 @@ class LLMUserResponseAggregator(LLMResponseAggregator):
             start_frame=UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
             end_frame=UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
             accumulator_frame=TranscriptionFrame,
-            interim_accumulator_frame=InterimTranscriptionFrame
+            interim_accumulator_frame=InterimTranscriptionFrame,
         )
 
 
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ class LLMAssistantContextAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
             start_frame=LLMFullResponseStartFrame,
             end_frame=LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
             accumulator_frame=TextFrame,
-            handle_interruptions=True
+            handle_interruptions=True,
         )
 
 
@@ -308,5 +311,5 @@ class LLMUserContextAggregator(LLMContextAggregator):
             start_frame=UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
             end_frame=UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
             accumulator_frame=TranscriptionFrame,
-            interim_accumulator_frame=InterimTranscriptionFrame
+            interim_accumulator_frame=InterimTranscriptionFrame,
         )

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/openai_llm_context.py

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     VisionImageRawFrame,
     FunctionCallInProgressFrame,
-    FunctionCallResultFrame)
+    FunctionCallResultFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameProcessor
 
 from loguru import logger
@@ -28,12 +29,13 @@ try:
     from openai.types.chat import (
         ChatCompletionToolParam,
         ChatCompletionToolChoiceOptionParam,
-        ChatCompletionMessageParam
+        ChatCompletionMessageParam,
     )
 except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
     logger.error(f"Exception: {e}")
     logger.error(
-        "In order to use OpenAI, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[openai]`. Also, set `OPENAI_API_KEY` environment variable.")
+        "In order to use OpenAI, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[openai]`. Also, set `OPENAI_API_KEY` environment variable."
+    )
     raise Exception(f"Missing module: {e}")
 
 # JSON custom encoder to handle bytes arrays so that we can log contexts
@@ -44,20 +46,18 @@ class CustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
     def default(self, obj):
         if isinstance(obj, io.BytesIO):
             # Convert the first 8 bytes to an ASCII hex string
-            return (f"{obj.getbuffer()[0:8].hex()}...")
+            return f"{obj.getbuffer()[0:8].hex()}..."
         return super().default(obj)
 
 
 class OpenAILLMContext:
-
     def __init__(
         self,
         messages: List[ChatCompletionMessageParam] | None = None,
         tools: List[ChatCompletionToolParam] | NotGiven = NOT_GIVEN,
-        tool_choice: ChatCompletionToolChoiceOptionParam | NotGiven = NOT_GIVEN
+        tool_choice: ChatCompletionToolChoiceOptionParam | NotGiven = NOT_GIVEN,
     ):
-        self._messages: List[ChatCompletionMessageParam] = messages if messages else [
+        self._messages: List[ChatCompletionMessageParam] = messages if messages else []
-        ]
         self._tool_choice: ChatCompletionToolChoiceOptionParam | NotGiven = tool_choice
         self._tools: List[ChatCompletionToolParam] | NotGiven = tools
 
@@ -81,19 +81,10 @@ class OpenAILLMContext:
         """
         context = OpenAILLMContext()
         buffer = io.BytesIO()
-        Image.frombytes(
+        Image.frombytes(frame.format, frame.size, frame.image).save(buffer, format="JPEG")
-            frame.format,
+        context.add_message(
-            frame.size,
+            {"content": frame.text, "role": "user", "data": buffer, "mime_type": "image/jpeg"}
-            frame.image
+        )
-        ).save(
-            buffer,
-            format="JPEG")
-        context.add_message({
-            "content": frame.text,
-            "role": "user",
-            "data": buffer,
-            "mime_type": "image/jpeg"
-        })
         return context
 
     @property
@@ -123,9 +114,7 @@ class OpenAILLMContext:
     def get_messages_json(self) -> str:
         return json.dumps(self._messages, cls=CustomEncoder)
 
-    def set_tool_choice(
+    def set_tool_choice(self, tool_choice: ChatCompletionToolChoiceOptionParam | NotGiven):
-        self, tool_choice: ChatCompletionToolChoiceOptionParam | NotGiven
-    ):
         self._tool_choice = tool_choice
 
     def set_tools(self, tools: List[ChatCompletionToolParam] | NotGiven = NOT_GIVEN):
@@ -133,37 +122,40 @@ class OpenAILLMContext:
             tools = NOT_GIVEN
         self._tools = tools
 
-    async def call_function(self,
+    async def call_function(
-                            f: Callable[[str,
+        self,
-                                         str,
+        f: Callable[
-                                         Any,
+            [str, str, Any, FrameProcessor, "OpenAILLMContext", Callable[[Any], Awaitable[None]]],
-                                         FrameProcessor,
+            Awaitable[None],
-                                         'OpenAILLMContext',
+        ],
-                                         Callable[[Any],
+        *,
-                                                  Awaitable[None]]],
+        function_name: str,
-                                        Awaitable[None]],
+        tool_call_id: str,
-                            *,
+        arguments: str,
-                            function_name: str,
+        llm: FrameProcessor,
-                            tool_call_id: str,
+    ) -> None:
-                            arguments: str,
-                            llm: FrameProcessor) -> None:
-
         # Push a SystemFrame downstream. This frame will let our assistant context aggregator
         # know that we are in the middle of a function call. Some contexts/aggregators may
         # not need this. But some definitely do (Anthropic, for example).
-        await llm.push_frame(FunctionCallInProgressFrame(
+        await llm.push_frame(
-            function_name=function_name,
+            FunctionCallInProgressFrame(
-            tool_call_id=tool_call_id,
-            arguments=arguments,
-        ))
-
-        # Define a callback function that pushes a FunctionCallResultFrame downstream.
-        async def function_call_result_callback(result):
-            await llm.push_frame(FunctionCallResultFrame(
                 function_name=function_name,
                 tool_call_id=tool_call_id,
                 arguments=arguments,
-                result=result))
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Define a callback function that pushes a FunctionCallResultFrame downstream.
+        async def function_call_result_callback(result):
+            await llm.push_frame(
+                FunctionCallResultFrame(
+                    function_name=function_name,
+                    tool_call_id=tool_call_id,
+                    arguments=arguments,
+                    result=result,
+                )
+            )
+
         await f(function_name, tool_call_id, arguments, llm, self, function_call_result_callback)
 
 
@@ -174,4 +166,5 @@ class OpenAILLMContextFrame(Frame):
     OpenAIContextAggregator frame processor.
 
     """
+
     context: OpenAILLMContext

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/user_response.py

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     TextFrame,
     TranscriptionFrame,
     UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
-    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame)
+    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+)
 
 
 class ResponseAggregator(FrameProcessor):
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class ResponseAggregator(FrameProcessor):
         start_frame,
         end_frame,
         accumulator_frame: TextFrame,
-        interim_accumulator_frame: TextFrame | None = None
+        interim_accumulator_frame: TextFrame | None = None,
     ):
         super().__init__()
 

src/pipecat/processors/aggregators/vision_image_frame.py

@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
 #
 
-from pipecat.frames.frames import (
+from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame, InputImageRawFrame, TextFrame, VisionImageRawFrame
-    Frame,
-    InputImageRawFrame,
-    TextFrame,
-    VisionImageRawFrame
-)
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
 
@@ -46,7 +41,8 @@ class VisionImageFrameAggregator(FrameProcessor):
                     text=self._describe_text,
                     image=frame.image,
                     size=frame.size,
-                    format=frame.format)
+                    format=frame.format,
+                )
                 await self.push_frame(frame)
                 self._describe_text = None
         else:

src/pipecat/processors/filters/frame_filter.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
 
 class FrameFilter(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, types: List[type]):
         super().__init__()
         self._types = types
@@ -25,9 +24,11 @@ class FrameFilter(FrameProcessor):
             if isinstance(frame, t):
                 return True
 
-        return (isinstance(frame, AppFrame)
+        return (
-                or isinstance(frame, ControlFrame)
+            isinstance(frame, AppFrame)
-                or isinstance(frame, SystemFrame))
+            or isinstance(frame, ControlFrame)
+            or isinstance(frame, SystemFrame)
+        )
 
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)

src/pipecat/processors/filters/function_filter.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
 
 class FunctionFilter(FrameProcessor):
-
     def __init__(self, filter: Callable[[Frame], Awaitable[bool]]):
         super().__init__()
         self._filter = filter

src/pipecat/processors/filters/wake_check_filter.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class WakeCheckFilter(FrameProcessor):
     after a wake phrase has been detected. It also has a keepalive timeout to allow for a brief
     period of continued conversation after a wake phrase has been detected.
     """
+
     class WakeState(Enum):
         IDLE = 1
         AWAKE = 2
@@ -38,8 +39,9 @@ class WakeCheckFilter(FrameProcessor):
         self._keepalive_timeout = keepalive_timeout
         self._wake_patterns = []
         for name in wake_phrases:
-            pattern = re.compile(r'\b' + r'\s*'.join(re.escape(word)
+            pattern = re.compile(
-                                 for word in name.split()) + r'\b', re.IGNORECASE)
+                r"\b" + r"\s*".join(re.escape(word) for word in name.split()) + r"\b", re.IGNORECASE
+            )
             self._wake_patterns.append(pattern)
 
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
@@ -57,7 +59,8 @@ class WakeCheckFilter(FrameProcessor):
                 if p.state == WakeCheckFilter.WakeState.AWAKE:
                     if time.time() - p.wake_timer < self._keepalive_timeout:
                         logger.debug(
-                            f"Wake phrase keepalive timeout has not expired. Pushing {frame}")
+                            f"Wake phrase keepalive timeout has not expired. Pushing {frame}"
+                        )
                         p.wake_timer = time.time()
                         await self.push_frame(frame)
                         return
@@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ class WakeCheckFilter(FrameProcessor):
                         # and modify the frame in place.
                         p.state = WakeCheckFilter.WakeState.AWAKE
                         p.wake_timer = time.time()
-                        frame.text = p.accumulator[match.start():]
+                        frame.text = p.accumulator[match.start() :]
                         p.accumulator = ""
                         await self.push_frame(frame)
                     else:

src/pipecat/processors/frame_processor.py

@@ -14,18 +14,13 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     EndFrame,
     ErrorFrame,
     Frame,
-    MetricsFrame,
     StartFrame,
     StartInterruptionFrame,
     StopInterruptionFrame,
-    SystemFrame)
+    SystemFrame,
-from pipecat.metrics.metrics import (
+)
-    LLMTokenUsage,
+from pipecat.metrics.metrics import LLMTokenUsage, MetricsData
-    LLMUsageMetricsData,
+from pipecat.processors.metrics.frame_processor_metrics import FrameProcessorMetrics
-    MetricsData,
-    ProcessingMetricsData,
-    TTFBMetricsData,
-    TTSUsageMetricsData)
 from pipecat.utils.utils import obj_count, obj_id
 
 from loguru import logger
@@ -36,81 +31,16 @@ class FrameDirection(Enum):
     UPSTREAM = 2
 
 
-class FrameProcessorMetrics:
-    def __init__(self, name: str):
-        self._core_metrics_data = MetricsData(processor=name)
-        self._start_ttfb_time = 0
-        self._start_processing_time = 0
-        self._should_report_ttfb = True
-
-    def _processor_name(self):
-        return self._core_metrics_data.processor
-
-    def _model_name(self):
-        return self._core_metrics_data.model
-
-    def set_core_metrics_data(self, data: MetricsData):
-        self._core_metrics_data = data
-
-    async def start_ttfb_metrics(self, report_only_initial_ttfb):
-        if self._should_report_ttfb:
-            self._start_ttfb_time = time.time()
-            self._should_report_ttfb = not report_only_initial_ttfb
-
-    async def stop_ttfb_metrics(self):
-        if self._start_ttfb_time == 0:
-            return None
-
-        value = time.time() - self._start_ttfb_time
-        logger.debug(f"{self._processor_name()} TTFB: {value}")
-        ttfb = TTFBMetricsData(
-            processor=self._processor_name(),
-            value=value,
-            model=self._model_name())
-        self._start_ttfb_time = 0
-        return MetricsFrame(data=[ttfb])
-
-    async def start_processing_metrics(self):
-        self._start_processing_time = time.time()
-
-    async def stop_processing_metrics(self):
-        if self._start_processing_time == 0:
-            return None
-
-        value = time.time() - self._start_processing_time
-        logger.debug(f"{self._processor_name()} processing time: {value}")
-        processing = ProcessingMetricsData(
-            processor=self._processor_name(), value=value, model=self._model_name())
-        self._start_processing_time = 0
-        return MetricsFrame(data=[processing])
-
-    async def start_llm_usage_metrics(self, tokens: LLMTokenUsage):
-        logger.debug(
-            f"{self._processor_name()} prompt tokens: {tokens.prompt_tokens}, completion tokens: {tokens.completion_tokens}")
-        value = LLMUsageMetricsData(
-            processor=self._processor_name(),
-            model=self._model_name(),
-            value=tokens)
-        return MetricsFrame(data=[value])
-
-    async def start_tts_usage_metrics(self, text: str):
-        characters = TTSUsageMetricsData(
-            processor=self._processor_name(),
-            model=self._model_name(),
-            value=len(text))
-        logger.debug(f"{self._processor_name()} usage characters: {characters.value}")
-        return MetricsFrame(data=[characters])
-
-
 class FrameProcessor:
-
     def __init__(
-            self,
+        self,
-            *,
+        *,
-            name: str | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
-            sync: bool = True,
+        metrics: FrameProcessorMetrics | None = None,
-            loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        sync: bool = True,
-            **kwargs):
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         self.id: int = obj_id()
         self.name = name or f"{self.__class__.__name__}#{obj_count(self)}"
         self._parent: "FrameProcessor" | None = None
@@ -129,7 +59,8 @@ class FrameProcessor:
         self._report_only_initial_ttfb = False
 
         # Metrics
-        self._metrics = FrameProcessorMetrics(name=self.name)
+        self._metrics = metrics or FrameProcessorMetrics()
+        self._metrics.set_processor_name(self.name)
 
         # Every processor in Pipecat should only output frames from a single
         # task. This avoid problems like audio overlapping. System frames are

src/pipecat/processors/frameworks/langchain.py

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     LLMFullResponseEndFrame,
     LLMFullResponseStartFrame,
     LLMMessagesFrame,
-    TextFrame)
+    TextFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
 from loguru import logger
@@ -20,9 +21,7 @@ try:
     from langchain_core.messages import AIMessageChunk
     from langchain_core.runnables import Runnable
 except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
-    logger.exception(
+    logger.exception("In order to use Langchain, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[langchain]`. ")
-        "In order to use Langchain, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[langchain]`. "
-    )
     raise Exception(f"Missing module: {e}")
 
 

src/pipecat/processors/frameworks/rtvi.py

@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ import asyncio
 
 from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, PrivateAttr, ValidationError
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     BotInterruptionFrame,
     BotStartedSpeakingFrame,
     BotStoppedSpeakingFrame,
     CancelFrame,
+    DataFrame,
     EndFrame,
     ErrorFrame,
     Frame,
@@ -24,7 +26,8 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     TransportMessageFrame,
     UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
     FunctionCallResultFrame,
-    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame)
+    UserStoppedSpeakingFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.openai_llm_context import OpenAILLMContext
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
@@ -39,8 +42,9 @@ ActionResult = Union[bool, int, float, str, list, dict]
 class RTVIServiceOption(BaseModel):
     name: str
     type: Literal["bool", "number", "string", "array", "object"]
-    handler: Callable[["RTVIProcessor", str, "RTVIServiceOptionConfig"],
+    handler: Callable[["RTVIProcessor", str, "RTVIServiceOptionConfig"], Awaitable[None]] = Field(
-                      Awaitable[None]] = Field(exclude=True)
+        exclude=True
+    )
 
 
 class RTVIService(BaseModel):
@@ -70,8 +74,9 @@ class RTVIAction(BaseModel):
     action: str
     arguments: List[RTVIActionArgument] = []
     result: Literal["bool", "number", "string", "array", "object"]
-    handler: Callable[["RTVIProcessor", str, Dict[str, Any]],
+    handler: Callable[["RTVIProcessor", str, Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[ActionResult]] = Field(
-                      Awaitable[ActionResult]] = Field(exclude=True)
+        exclude=True
+    )
     _arguments_dict: Dict[str, RTVIActionArgument] = PrivateAttr(default={})
 
     def model_post_init(self, __context: Any) -> None:
@@ -116,12 +121,19 @@ class RTVIActionRun(BaseModel):
     arguments: Optional[List[RTVIActionRunArgument]] = None
 
 
+@dataclass
+class RTVIActionFrame(DataFrame):
+    rtvi_action_run: RTVIActionRun
+    message_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+
 class RTVIMessage(BaseModel):
     label: Literal["rtvi-ai"] = "rtvi-ai"
     type: str
     id: str
     data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
 
+
 #
 # Pipecat -> Client responses and messages.
 #
@@ -268,12 +280,13 @@ class RTVIProcessorParams(BaseModel):
 
 
 class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
-
+    def __init__(
-    def __init__(self,
+        self,
-                 *,
+        *,
-                 config: RTVIConfig = RTVIConfig(config=[]),
+        config: RTVIConfig = RTVIConfig(config=[]),
-                 params: RTVIProcessorParams = RTVIProcessorParams(),
+        params: RTVIProcessorParams = RTVIProcessorParams(),
-                 **kwargs):
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         super().__init__(sync=False, **kwargs)
         self._config = config
         self._params = params
@@ -310,25 +323,23 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
             await self._maybe_send_bot_ready()
 
     async def handle_function_call(
-            self,
+        self,
-            function_name: str,
+        function_name: str,
-            tool_call_id: str,
+        tool_call_id: str,
-            arguments: dict,
+        arguments: dict,
-            llm: FrameProcessor,
+        llm: FrameProcessor,
-            context: OpenAILLMContext,
+        context: OpenAILLMContext,
-            result_callback):
+        result_callback,
+    ):
         fn = RTVILLMFunctionCallMessageData(
-            function_name=function_name,
+            function_name=function_name, tool_call_id=tool_call_id, args=arguments
-            tool_call_id=tool_call_id,
+        )
-            args=arguments)
         message = RTVILLMFunctionCallMessage(data=fn)
         await self._push_transport_message(message, exclude_none=False)
 
     async def handle_function_call_start(
-            self,
+        self, function_name: str, llm: FrameProcessor, context: OpenAILLMContext
-            function_name: str,
+    ):
-            llm: FrameProcessor,
-            context: OpenAILLMContext):
         fn = RTVILLMFunctionCallStartMessageData(function_name=function_name)
         message = RTVILLMFunctionCallStartMessage(data=fn)
         await self._push_transport_message(message, exclude_none=False)
@@ -357,10 +368,14 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
             # finish and the task finishes when EndFrame is processed.
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
             await self._stop(frame)
-        elif isinstance(frame, UserStartedSpeakingFrame) or isinstance(frame, UserStoppedSpeakingFrame):
+        elif isinstance(frame, UserStartedSpeakingFrame) or isinstance(
+            frame, UserStoppedSpeakingFrame
+        ):
             await self._handle_interruptions(frame)
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
-        elif isinstance(frame, BotStartedSpeakingFrame) or isinstance(frame, BotStoppedSpeakingFrame):
+        elif isinstance(frame, BotStartedSpeakingFrame) or isinstance(
+            frame, BotStoppedSpeakingFrame
+        ):
             await self._handle_bot_speaking(frame)
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
         # Data frames
@@ -369,6 +384,8 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
         elif isinstance(frame, TransportMessageFrame):
             await self._message_queue.put(frame)
+        elif isinstance(frame, RTVIActionFrame):
+            await self._handle_action(frame.message_id, frame.rtvi_action_run)
         # Other frames
         else:
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
@@ -393,8 +410,8 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
 
     async def _push_transport_message(self, model: BaseModel, exclude_none: bool = True):
         frame = TransportMessageFrame(
-            message=model.model_dump(exclude_none=exclude_none),
+            message=model.model_dump(exclude_none=exclude_none), urgent=True
-            urgent=True)
+        )
         await self.push_frame(frame)
 
     async def _handle_transcriptions(self, frame: Frame):
@@ -405,17 +422,15 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
         if isinstance(frame, TranscriptionFrame):
             message = RTVITranscriptionMessage(
                 data=RTVITranscriptionMessageData(
-                    text=frame.text,
+                    text=frame.text, user_id=frame.user_id, timestamp=frame.timestamp, final=True
-                    user_id=frame.user_id,
+                )
-                    timestamp=frame.timestamp,
+            )
-                    final=True))
         elif isinstance(frame, InterimTranscriptionFrame):
             message = RTVITranscriptionMessage(
                 data=RTVITranscriptionMessageData(
-                    text=frame.text,
+                    text=frame.text, user_id=frame.user_id, timestamp=frame.timestamp, final=False
-                    user_id=frame.user_id,
+                )
-                    timestamp=frame.timestamp,
+            )
-                    final=False))
 
         if message:
             await self._push_transport_message(message)
@@ -539,10 +554,11 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
             function_name=data.function_name,
             tool_call_id=data.tool_call_id,
             arguments=data.arguments,
-            result=data.result)
+            result=data.result,
+        )
         await self.push_frame(frame)
 
-    async def _handle_action(self, request_id: str, data: RTVIActionRun):
+    async def _handle_action(self, request_id: str | None, data: RTVIActionRun):
         action_id = self._action_id(data.service, data.action)
         if action_id not in self._registered_actions:
             await self._send_error_response(request_id, f"Action {action_id} not registered")
@@ -553,8 +569,11 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
             for arg in data.arguments:
                 arguments[arg.name] = arg.value
         result = await action.handler(self, action.service, arguments)
-        message = RTVIActionResponse(id=request_id, data=RTVIActionResponseData(result=result))
+        # Only send a response if request_id is present. Things that don't care about
-        await self._push_transport_message(message)
+        # action responses (such as webhooks) don't set a request_id
+        if request_id:
+            message = RTVIActionResponse(id=request_id, data=RTVIActionResponseData(result=result))
+            await self._push_transport_message(message)
 
     async def _maybe_send_bot_ready(self):
         if self._pipeline_started and self._client_ready:
@@ -567,9 +586,8 @@ class RTVIProcessor(FrameProcessor):
 
         message = RTVIBotReady(
             id=self._client_ready_id,
-            data=RTVIBotReadyData(
+            data=RTVIBotReadyData(version=RTVI_PROTOCOL_VERSION, config=self._config.config),
-                version=RTVI_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+        )
-                config=self._config.config))
         await self._push_transport_message(message)
 
     async def _send_error_frame(self, frame: ErrorFrame):

src/pipecat/processors/gstreamer/pipeline_source.py

@@ -15,20 +15,23 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     OutputAudioRawFrame,
     OutputImageRawFrame,
     StartFrame,
-    SystemFrame)
+    SystemFrame,
+)
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
 from loguru import logger
 
 try:
     import gi
-    gi.require_version('Gst', '1.0')
+
-    gi.require_version('GstApp', '1.0')
+    gi.require_version("Gst", "1.0")
+    gi.require_version("GstApp", "1.0")
     from gi.repository import Gst, GstApp
 except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
     logger.error(f"Exception: {e}")
     logger.error(
-        "In order to use GStreamer, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[gstreamer]`. Also, you need to install GStreamer in your system.")
+        "In order to use GStreamer, you need to `pip install pipecat-ai[gstreamer]`. Also, you need to install GStreamer in your system."
+    )
     raise Exception(f"Missing module: {e}")
 
 
@@ -120,7 +123,8 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
         audioresample = Gst.ElementFactory.make("audioresample", None)
         audiocapsfilter = Gst.ElementFactory.make("capsfilter", None)
         audiocaps = Gst.Caps.from_string(
-            f"audio/x-raw,format=S16LE,rate={self._out_params.audio_sample_rate},channels={self._out_params.audio_channels},layout=interleaved")
+            f"audio/x-raw,format=S16LE,rate={self._out_params.audio_sample_rate},channels={self._out_params.audio_channels},layout=interleaved"
+        )
         audiocapsfilter.set_property("caps", audiocaps)
         appsink_audio = Gst.ElementFactory.make("appsink", None)
         appsink_audio.set_property("emit-signals", True)
@@ -152,7 +156,8 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
         videoscale = Gst.ElementFactory.make("videoscale", None)
         videocapsfilter = Gst.ElementFactory.make("capsfilter", None)
         videocaps = Gst.Caps.from_string(
-            f"video/x-raw,format=RGB,width={self._out_params.video_width},height={self._out_params.video_height}")
+            f"video/x-raw,format=RGB,width={self._out_params.video_width},height={self._out_params.video_height}"
+        )
         videocapsfilter.set_property("caps", videocaps)
 
         appsink_video = Gst.ElementFactory.make("appsink", None)
@@ -182,9 +187,11 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
     def _appsink_audio_new_sample(self, appsink: GstApp.AppSink):
         buffer = appsink.pull_sample().get_buffer()
         (_, info) = buffer.map(Gst.MapFlags.READ)
-        frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(audio=info.data,
+        frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
-                                    sample_rate=self._out_params.audio_sample_rate,
+            audio=info.data,
-                                    num_channels=self._out_params.audio_channels)
+            sample_rate=self._out_params.audio_sample_rate,
+            num_channels=self._out_params.audio_channels,
+        )
         asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.push_frame(frame), self.get_event_loop())
         buffer.unmap(info)
         return Gst.FlowReturn.OK
@@ -195,7 +202,8 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
         frame = OutputImageRawFrame(
             image=info.data,
             size=(self._out_params.video_width, self._out_params.video_height),
-            format="RGB")
+            format="RGB",
+        )
         asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.push_frame(frame), self.get_event_loop())
         buffer.unmap(info)
         return Gst.FlowReturn.OK

src/pipecat/processors/idle_frame_processor.py

@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@ class IdleFrameProcessor(FrameProcessor):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-            self,
+        self,
-            *,
+        *,
-            callback: Callable[["IdleFrameProcessor"], Awaitable[None]],
+        callback: Callable[["IdleFrameProcessor"], Awaitable[None]],
-            timeout: float,
+        timeout: float,
-            types: List[type] = [],
+        types: List[type] = [],
-            **kwargs):
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         super().__init__(sync=False, **kwargs)
 
         self._callback = callback