Modernize Python typing across the codebase

Automated via ruff UP006, UP007, UP035, UP045 rules (target: py311):

- Replace `typing.List`, `Dict`, `Tuple`, `Set`, `FrozenSet`, `Type`
  with their built-in equivalents (`list`, `dict`, `tuple`, etc.)
- Replace `typing.Optional[X]` with `X | None`
- Replace `typing.Union[X, Y]` with `X | Y`
- Move `Mapping`, `Sequence`, `Callable`, `Awaitable`,
  `MutableMapping`, `MutableSequence`, `Iterator`, `AsyncIterator`,
  `AsyncGenerator` imports from `typing` to `collections.abc`
- Remove now-unused `typing` imports
- Add `from __future__ import annotations` to 5 files that use
  forward-reference strings in `X | "Y"` annotations

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-anthropic.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
     filename = params.arguments["filename"]
     logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
     try:
-        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        with open(filename) as file:
             params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
             logger.debug(
                 f"loaded conversation from {filename}\n{json.dumps(params.context.get_messages(), indent=4)}"

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-aws-nova-sonic.py

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
         filename = params.arguments["filename"]
         logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
         try:
-            with open(filename, "r") as file:
+            with open(filename) as file:
                 messages = json.load(file)
                 # HACK: if using the older Nova Sonic (pre-2) model, you need a special way of
                 # triggering the first assistant response. The call to trigger_assistant_response(),

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-gemini.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
     filename = params.arguments["filename"]
     logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
     try:
-        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        with open(filename) as file:
             params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
         await params.result_callback(
             {

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-grok-realtime.py

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
         filename = params.arguments["filename"]
         logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
         try:
-            with open(filename, "r") as file:
+            with open(filename) as file:
                 params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
                 await params.llm.reset_conversation()
                 # Manually create a response since we've reset the conversation

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-realtime.py

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
         filename = params.arguments["filename"]
         logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
         try:
-            with open(filename, "r") as file:
+            with open(filename) as file:
                 params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
                 await params.llm.reset_conversation()
                 # NOTE: we manually create a response here rather than relying

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses-http.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
     filename = params.arguments["filename"]
     logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
     try:
-        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        with open(filename) as file:
             params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
             logger.debug(
                 f"loaded conversation from {filename}\n{json.dumps(params.context.get_messages(), indent=4)}"

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
     filename = params.arguments["filename"]
     logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
     try:
-        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        with open(filename) as file:
             params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
             logger.debug(
                 f"loaded conversation from {filename}\n{json.dumps(params.context.get_messages(), indent=4)}"

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
     filename = params.arguments["filename"]
     logger.debug(f"loading conversation from {filename}")
     try:
-        with open(filename, "r") as file:
+        with open(filename) as file:
             params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
             logger.debug(
                 f"loaded conversation from {filename}\n{json.dumps(params.context.get_messages(), indent=4)}"

examples/rag/rag-gemini.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def get_rag_content():
     """Get the RAG content from the file."""
     script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
     rag_content_path = os.path.join(script_dir, "assets", "rag-content.txt")
-    with open(rag_content_path, "r") as f:
+    with open(rag_content_path) as f:
         return f.read()
 
 

examples/transports/transports-small-webrtc.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import argparse
 import asyncio
 import os
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-from typing import Dict
 
 import uvicorn
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ load_dotenv(override=True)
 app = FastAPI()
 
 # Store connections by pc_id
-pcs_map: Dict[str, SmallWebRTCConnection] = {}
+pcs_map: dict[str, SmallWebRTCConnection] = {}
 
 ice_servers = [
     IceServer(

examples/turn-management/turn-management-user-assistant-turns.py

@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ class TranscriptHandler:
         output_file: Optional path to file where transcript is saved. If None, outputs to log only.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, output_file: Optional[str] = None):
+    def __init__(self, output_file: str | None = None):
         """Initialize handler with optional file output.
 
         Args:
             output_file: Path to output file. If None, outputs to log only.
         """
-        self.output_file: Optional[str] = output_file
+        self.output_file: str | None = output_file
         logger.debug(
             f"TranscriptHandler initialized {'with output_file=' + output_file if output_file else 'with log output only'}"
         )