introduce PipelineParams audio input/output sample rates

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ### Added
 
+- Added new fields to `PipelineParams` to control audio input and output sample
+  rates for the whole pipeline. This allows controlling sample rates from a
+  single place instead of having to specify sample rates in each
+  service. Setting a sample rate to a service is still possible and will
+  override the value from `PipelineParams`.
+
 - Introduce audio resamplers (`BaseAudioResampler`). This is just a base class
   to implement audio resamplers. Currently, two implementations are provided
   `SOXRAudioResampler` and `ResampyResampler`. A new

examples/bot-ready-signalling/server/signalling_bot.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from runner import configure
 from pipecat.frames.frames import AudioRawFrame, EndFrame, OutputAudioRawFrame, TTSSpeakFrame
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
-from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
+from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
 
@@ -31,16 +31,15 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 class SilenceFrame(OutputAudioRawFrame):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        audio: bytes = None,
+        *,
-        sample_rate: int = 16000,
+        sample_rate: int,
-        num_channels: int = 1,
+        duration: float,
-        duration: float = 0.1,
     ):
         # Initialize the parent class with the silent frame's data
         super().__init__(
-            audio=self.create_silent_audio_frame(sample_rate, num_channels, duration).audio,
+            audio=self.create_silent_audio_frame(sample_rate, 1, duration).audio,
             sample_rate=sample_rate,
-            num_channels=num_channels,
+            num_channels=1,
         )
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -80,7 +79,10 @@ async def main():
                 return
             await task.queue_frames(
                 [
-                    SilenceFrame(duration=0.5),
+                    SilenceFrame(
+                        sample_rate=task.params.audio_out_sample_rate,
+                        duration=0.5,
+                    ),
                     TTSSpeakFrame(f"Hello there, how are you doing today ?"),
                     EndFrame(),
                 ]

examples/foundational/07g-interruptible-openai-tts.py

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ async def main():
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),

examples/foundational/07k-interruptible-lmnt.py

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ async def main():
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),

examples/foundational/07n-interruptible-google.py

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ async def main():
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,

examples/foundational/09-mirror.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
 )
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
-from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
+from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 from pipecat.transports.services.daily import DailyParams, DailyTransport
 
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ async def main():
             "Test",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_in_enabled=True,
-                audio_in_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_is_live=True,
@@ -78,7 +77,9 @@ async def main():
 
         runner = PipelineRunner()
 
-        task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
+        task = PipelineTask(
+            pipeline, PipelineParams(audio_in_sample_rate=24000, audio_out_sample_rate=24000)
+        )
 
         await runner.run(task)
 

examples/foundational/09a-local-mirror.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
 )
 from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
-from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineTask
+from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import TransportParams
 from pipecat.transports.local.tk import TkLocalTransport
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async def main():
         tk_root.title("Local Mirror")
 
         daily_transport = DailyTransport(
-            room_url, token, "Test", DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True, audio_in_sample_rate=24000)
+            room_url, token, "Test", DailyParams(audio_in_enabled=True)
         )
 
         tk_transport = TkLocalTransport(
@@ -82,7 +82,9 @@ async def main():
 
         pipeline = Pipeline([daily_transport.input(), MirrorProcessor(), tk_transport.output()])
 
-        task = PipelineTask(pipeline)
+        task = PipelineTask(
+            pipeline, PipelineParams(audio_in_sample_rate=24000, audio_out_sample_rate=24000)
+        )
 
         async def run_tk():
             while not task.has_finished():

examples/foundational/18-gstreamer-filesrc.py

@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ async def main():
             out_params=GStreamerPipelineSource.OutputParams(
                 video_width=1280,
                 video_height=720,
-                audio_sample_rate=24000,
-                audio_channels=1,
             ),
         )
 

examples/foundational/19-openai-realtime-beta.py

@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ async def main():
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_in_enabled=True,
-                audio_in_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 transcription_enabled=False,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=0.8)),

examples/foundational/20b-persistent-context-openai-realtime.py

@@ -177,9 +177,7 @@ async def main():
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
                 audio_in_enabled=True,
-                audio_in_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 transcription_enabled=False,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=0.8)),

examples/foundational/21-tavus-layer.py

@@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ async def main():
         task = PipelineTask(
             pipeline,
             PipelineParams(
+                # We just use 16000 because that's what Tavus is expecting and
+                # we avoid resampling.
+                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
+                audio_out_sample_rate=16000,
                 allow_interruptions=True,
                 enable_metrics=True,
                 enable_usage_metrics=True,

examples/foundational/22d-natural-conversation-gemini-audio.py

@@ -639,7 +639,6 @@ async def main():
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
             ),
         )
 

examples/foundational/26-gemini-multimodal-live.py

@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,

examples/foundational/26a-gemini-multimodal-live-transcription.py

@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,

examples/foundational/26b-gemini-multimodal-live-function-calling.py

@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,

examples/foundational/26c-gemini-multimodal-live-video.py

@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,
@@ -47,8 +45,6 @@ async def main():
                 # matter because we can only use the Multimodal Live API's phrase
                 # endpointing, for now.
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=0.5)),
-                start_audio_paused=True,
-                start_video_paused=True,
             ),
         )
 

examples/foundational/26d-gemini-multimodal-live-text.py

@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "Respond bot",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,

examples/foundational/29-livekit-audio-chat.py

@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ load_dotenv(override=True)
 logger.remove(0)
 logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
-DESIRED_SAMPLE_RATE = 16000
-
 
 def generate_token(room_name: str, participant_name: str, api_key: str, api_secret: str) -> str:
     token = api.AccessToken(api_key, api_secret)
@@ -114,11 +112,8 @@ async def main():
             token=token,
             room_name=room_name,
             params=LiveKitParams(
-                audio_in_channels=1,
                 audio_in_enabled=True,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
-                audio_in_sample_rate=DESIRED_SAMPLE_RATE,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=DESIRED_SAMPLE_RATE,
                 vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
                 vad_enabled=True,
                 vad_audio_passthrough=True,
@@ -128,7 +123,6 @@ async def main():
         stt = DeepgramSTTService(
             api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
             live_options=LiveOptions(
-                sample_rate=DESIRED_SAMPLE_RATE,
                 vad_events=True,
             ),
         )
@@ -138,7 +132,6 @@ async def main():
         tts = CartesiaTTSService(
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
             voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
-            sample_rate=DESIRED_SAMPLE_RATE,
         )
 
         messages = [

examples/simple-chatbot/server/bot-gemini.py

@@ -121,8 +121,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "Chatbot",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_in_sample_rate=16000,
-                audio_out_sample_rate=24000,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_enabled=True,
                 camera_out_width=1024,

examples/studypal/studypal.py

@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ async def main():
             token,
             "studypal",
             DailyParams(
-                audio_out_sample_rate=44100,
                 audio_out_enabled=True,
                 transcription_enabled=True,
                 vad_enabled=True,
@@ -124,7 +123,6 @@ async def main():
             api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
             voice_id=os.getenv("CARTESIA_VOICE_ID", "4d2fd738-3b3d-4368-957a-bb4805275bd9"),
             # British Narration Lady: 4d2fd738-3b3d-4368-957a-bb4805275bd9
-            sample_rate=44100,
         )
 
         llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o-mini")
@@ -155,7 +153,12 @@ Your task is to help the user understand and learn from this article in 2 senten
             ]
         )
 
-        task = PipelineTask(pipeline, PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True))
+        task = PipelineTask(
+            pipeline,
+            PipelineParams(
+                audio_out_sample_rate=44100, allow_interruptions=True, enable_metrics=True
+            ),
+        )
 
         @transport.event_handler("on_first_participant_joined")
         async def on_first_participant_joined(transport, participant):

examples/twilio-chatbot/bot.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import sys
 import wave
 
 import aiofiles
-from deepgram import LiveOptions
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from fastapi import WebSocket
 from loguru import logger
@@ -36,8 +35,6 @@ load_dotenv(override=True)
 logger.remove(0)
 logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
-SAMPLE_RATE = 8000
-
 
 async def save_audio(server_name: str, audio: bytes, sample_rate: int, num_channels: int):
     if len(audio) > 0:
@@ -63,29 +60,21 @@ async def run_bot(websocket_client: WebSocket, stream_sid: str, testing: bool):
         params=FastAPIWebsocketParams(
             audio_in_enabled=True,
             audio_out_enabled=True,
-            audio_out_sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE,
             add_wav_header=False,
             vad_enabled=True,
-            vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE),
+            vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(),
             vad_audio_passthrough=True,
-            serializer=TwilioFrameSerializer(
+            serializer=TwilioFrameSerializer(stream_sid),
-                stream_sid, TwilioFrameSerializer.InputParams(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE)
-            ),
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"), model="gpt-4o")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"), audio_passthrough=True)
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
-        live_options=LiveOptions(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE),
-        audio_passthrough=True,
-    )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
         api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
         voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
-        sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE,
         push_silence_after_stop=testing,
     )
 
@@ -101,7 +90,7 @@ async def run_bot(websocket_client: WebSocket, stream_sid: str, testing: bool):
 
     # NOTE: Watch out! This will save all the conversation in memory. You can
     # pass `buffer_size` to get periodic callbacks.
-    audiobuffer = AudioBufferProcessor(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE)
+    audiobuffer = AudioBufferProcessor()
 
     pipeline = Pipeline(
         [
@@ -116,7 +105,12 @@ async def run_bot(websocket_client: WebSocket, stream_sid: str, testing: bool):
         ]
     )
 
-    task = PipelineTask(pipeline, params=PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
+    task = PipelineTask(
+        pipeline,
+        params=PipelineParams(
+            audio_in_sample_rate=8000, audio_out_sample_rate=8000, allow_interruptions=True
+        ),
+    )
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):

examples/twilio-chatbot/client.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from uuid import uuid4
 
 import aiofiles
 import aiohttp
-from deepgram import LiveOptions
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@ logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
 
 
 DEFAULT_CLIENT_DURATION = 30
-SAMPLE_RATE = 8000
 
 
 async def download_twiml(server_url: str) -> str:
@@ -92,15 +90,10 @@ async def run_client(client_name: str, server_url: str, duration_secs: int):
         params=WebsocketClientParams(
             audio_in_enabled=True,
             audio_out_enabled=True,
-            audio_out_sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE,
             add_wav_header=False,
-            serializer=TwilioFrameSerializer(
+            serializer=TwilioFrameSerializer(stream_sid),
-                stream_sid, params=TwilioFrameSerializer.InputParams(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE)
-            ),
             vad_enabled=True,
-            vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(
+            vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer(params=VADParams(stop_secs=1.5)),
-                params=VADParams(stop_secs=1.5), sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE
-            ),
             vad_audio_passthrough=True,
         ),
     )
@@ -110,14 +103,12 @@ async def run_client(client_name: str, server_url: str, duration_secs: int):
     # We let the audio passthrough so we can record the conversation.
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(
         api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
-        live_options=LiveOptions(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE),
         audio_passthrough=True,
     )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
         api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
         voice_id="e13cae5c-ec59-4f71-b0a6-266df3c9bb8e",  # Madame Mischief
-        sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE,
         push_silence_after_stop=True,
     )
 
@@ -133,7 +124,7 @@ async def run_client(client_name: str, server_url: str, duration_secs: int):
 
     # NOTE: Watch out! This will save all the conversation in memory. You can
     # pass `buffer_size` to get periodic callbacks.
-    audiobuffer = AudioBufferProcessor(sample_rate=SAMPLE_RATE)
+    audiobuffer = AudioBufferProcessor()
 
     pipeline = Pipeline(
         [
@@ -148,7 +139,12 @@ async def run_client(client_name: str, server_url: str, duration_secs: int):
         ]
     )
 
-    task = PipelineTask(pipeline, params=PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
+    task = PipelineTask(
+        pipeline,
+        params=PipelineParams(
+            audio_in_sample_rate=8000, audio_out_sample_rate=8000, allow_interruptions=True
+        ),
+    )
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_connected")
     async def on_connected(transport: WebsocketClientTransport, client):

examples/websocket-server/bot.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from pipecat.pipeline.pipeline import Pipeline
 from pipecat.pipeline.runner import PipelineRunner
 from pipecat.pipeline.task import PipelineParams, PipelineTask
 from pipecat.processors.aggregators.openai_llm_context import OpenAILLMContext
+from pipecat.serializers.protobuf import ProtobufFrameSerializer
 from pipecat.services.cartesia import CartesiaTTSService
 from pipecat.services.deepgram import DeepgramSTTService
 from pipecat.services.openai import OpenAILLMService
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ class SessionTimeoutHandler:
 async def main():
     transport = WebsocketServerTransport(
         params=WebsocketServerParams(
-            audio_out_sample_rate=16000,
+            serializer=ProtobufFrameSerializer(),
             audio_out_enabled=True,
             add_wav_header=True,
             vad_enabled=True,
@@ -97,7 +98,6 @@ async def main():
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
         api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
         voice_id="79a125e8-cd45-4c13-8a67-188112f4dd22",  # British Lady
-        sample_rate=16000,
     )
 
     messages = [
@@ -122,7 +122,12 @@ async def main():
         ]
     )
 
-    task = PipelineTask(pipeline, params=PipelineParams(allow_interruptions=True))
+    task = PipelineTask(
+        pipeline,
+        params=PipelineParams(
+            audio_in_sample_rate=16000, audio_out_sample_rate=16000, allow_interruptions=True
+        ),
+    )
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_connected")
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):

src/pipecat/audio/vad/silero.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 import time
+from typing import Optional
 
 import numpy as np
 from loguru import logger
@@ -104,11 +105,8 @@ class SileroOnnxModel:
 
 
 class SileroVADAnalyzer(VADAnalyzer):
-    def __init__(self, *, sample_rate: int = 16000, params: VADParams = VADParams()):
+    def __init__(self, *, sample_rate: Optional[int] = None, params: VADParams = VADParams()):
-        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, num_channels=1, params=params)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, params=params)
-
-        if sample_rate != 16000 and sample_rate != 8000:
-            raise ValueError("Silero VAD sample rate needs to be 16000 or 8000")
 
         logger.debug("Loading Silero VAD model...")
 
@@ -138,6 +136,12 @@ class SileroVADAnalyzer(VADAnalyzer):
     # VADAnalyzer
     #
 
+    def set_sample_rate(self, sample_rate: int):
+        if sample_rate != 16000 and sample_rate != 8000:
+            raise ValueError("Silero VAD sample rate needs to be 16000 or 8000")
+
+        super().set_sample_rate(sample_rate)
+
     def num_frames_required(self) -> int:
         return 512 if self.sample_rate == 16000 else 256
 

src/pipecat/audio/vad/vad_analyzer.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from enum import Enum
+from typing import Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -33,11 +34,11 @@ class VADParams(BaseModel):
 
 
 class VADAnalyzer:
-    def __init__(self, *, sample_rate: int, num_channels: int, params: VADParams):
+    def __init__(self, *, sample_rate: Optional[int] = None, params: VADParams):
-        self._sample_rate = sample_rate
+        self._init_sample_rate = sample_rate
-        self._num_channels = num_channels
+        self._sample_rate = 0
-
+        self._params = params
-        self.set_params(params)
+        self._num_channels = 1
 
         self._vad_buffer = b""
 
@@ -65,13 +66,17 @@ class VADAnalyzer:
     def voice_confidence(self, buffer) -> float:
         pass
 
+    def set_sample_rate(self, sample_rate: int):
+        self._sample_rate = self._init_sample_rate or sample_rate
+        self.set_params(self._params)
+
     def set_params(self, params: VADParams):
         logger.info(f"Setting VAD params to: {params}")
         self._params = params
         self._vad_frames = self.num_frames_required()
         self._vad_frames_num_bytes = self._vad_frames * self._num_channels * 2
 
-        vad_frames_per_sec = self._vad_frames / self._sample_rate
+        vad_frames_per_sec = self._vad_frames / self.sample_rate
 
         self._vad_start_frames = round(self._params.start_secs / vad_frames_per_sec)
         self._vad_stop_frames = round(self._params.stop_secs / vad_frames_per_sec)
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ class VADAnalyzer:
         self._vad_state: VADState = VADState.QUIET
 
     def _get_smoothed_volume(self, audio: bytes) -> float:
-        volume = calculate_audio_volume(audio, self._sample_rate)
+        volume = calculate_audio_volume(audio, self.sample_rate)
         return exp_smoothing(volume, self._prev_volume, self._smoothing_factor)
 
     def analyze_audio(self, buffer) -> VADState:

src/pipecat/frames/frames.py

@@ -428,6 +428,8 @@ class StartFrame(SystemFrame):
 
     clock: BaseClock
     task_manager: TaskManager
+    audio_in_sample_rate: int = 16000
+    audio_out_sample_rate: int = 24000
     allow_interruptions: bool = False
     enable_metrics: bool = False
     enable_usage_metrics: bool = False

src/pipecat/pipeline/task.py

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ HEARTBEAT_MONITOR_SECONDS = HEARTBEAT_SECONDS * 5
 class PipelineParams(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
+    audio_in_sample_rate: int = 16000
+    audio_out_sample_rate: int = 24000
     allow_interruptions: bool = False
     enable_heartbeats: bool = False
     enable_metrics: bool = False
@@ -136,6 +138,11 @@ class PipelineTask(BaseTask):
         """Returns the name of this task."""
         return self._name
 
+    @property
+    def params(self) -> PipelineParams:
+        """Returns the pipeline parameters of this task."""
+        return self._params
+
     def set_event_loop(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop):
         self._task_manager.set_event_loop(loop)
 
@@ -275,6 +282,8 @@ class PipelineTask(BaseTask):
             enable_usage_metrics=self._params.enable_usage_metrics,
             report_only_initial_ttfb=self._params.report_only_initial_ttfb,
             observer=self._observer,
+            audio_in_sample_rate=self._params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+            audio_out_sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
         )
         await self._source.queue_frame(start_frame, FrameDirection.DOWNSTREAM)
 

src/pipecat/processors/audio/audio_buffer_processor.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 import time
+from typing import Optional
 
 from pipecat.audio.utils import create_default_resampler, interleave_stereo_audio, mix_audio
 from pipecat.frames.frames import (
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     Frame,
     InputAudioRawFrame,
     OutputAudioRawFrame,
+    StartFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection, FrameProcessor
 
@@ -33,10 +35,16 @@ class AudioBufferProcessor(FrameProcessor):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, *, sample_rate: int = 24000, num_channels: int = 1, buffer_size: int = 0, **kwargs
+        self,
+        *,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
+        num_channels: int = 1,
+        buffer_size: int = 0,
+        **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        self._sample_rate = sample_rate
+        self._init_sample_rate = sample_rate
+        self._sample_rate = 0
         self._num_channels = num_channels
         self._buffer_size = buffer_size
 
@@ -86,6 +94,10 @@ class AudioBufferProcessor(FrameProcessor):
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
+        # Update output sample rate if necessary.
+        if isinstance(frame, StartFrame):
+            self._update_sample_rate(frame)
+
         if self._recording and isinstance(frame, InputAudioRawFrame):
             # Add silence if we need to.
             silence = self._compute_silence(self._last_user_frame_at)
@@ -113,6 +125,9 @@ class AudioBufferProcessor(FrameProcessor):
 
         await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
+    def _update_sample_rate(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._sample_rate = self._init_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
     async def _call_on_audio_data_handler(self):
         if not self.has_audio() or not self._recording:
             return

src/pipecat/processors/audio/vad/silero.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
 #
 
+from typing import Optional
+
 from loguru import logger
 
 from pipecat.audio.vad.silero import SileroVADAnalyzer
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ from pipecat.audio.vad.vad_analyzer import VADParams, VADState
 from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     AudioRawFrame,
     Frame,
+    StartFrame,
     StartInterruptionFrame,
     StopInterruptionFrame,
     UserStartedSpeakingFrame,
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ class SileroVAD(FrameProcessor):
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        sample_rate: int = 16000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         vad_params: VADParams = VADParams(),
         audio_passthrough: bool = False,
     ):
@@ -41,6 +44,9 @@ class SileroVAD(FrameProcessor):
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
+        if isinstance(frame, StartFrame):
+            self._vad_analyzer.set_sample_rate(frame.audio_in_sample_rate)
+
         if isinstance(frame, AudioRawFrame):
             await self._analyze_audio(frame)
             if self._audio_passthrough:

src/pipecat/processors/gstreamer/pipeline_source.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 import asyncio
+from typing import Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
     class OutputParams(BaseModel):
         video_width: int = 1280
         video_height: int = 720
-        audio_sample_rate: int = 24000
+        audio_sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
         audio_channels: int = 1
         clock_sync: bool = True
 
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
         self._out_params = out_params
+        self._sample_rate = 0
 
         Gst.init()
 
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
 
     async def _start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._sample_rate = self._out_params.audio_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
         self._player.set_state(Gst.State.PLAYING)
 
     async def _stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
         audioresample = Gst.ElementFactory.make("audioresample", None)
         audiocapsfilter = Gst.ElementFactory.make("capsfilter", None)
         audiocaps = Gst.Caps.from_string(
-            f"audio/x-raw,format=S16LE,rate={self._out_params.audio_sample_rate},channels={self._out_params.audio_channels},layout=interleaved"
+            f"audio/x-raw,format=S16LE,rate={self._sample_rate},channels={self._out_params.audio_channels},layout=interleaved"
         )
         audiocapsfilter.set_property("caps", audiocaps)
         appsink_audio = Gst.ElementFactory.make("appsink", None)
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ class GStreamerPipelineSource(FrameProcessor):
         (_, info) = buffer.map(Gst.MapFlags.READ)
         frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
             audio=info.data,
-            sample_rate=self._out_params.audio_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self._sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._out_params.audio_channels,
         )
         asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.push_frame(frame), self.get_event_loop())

src/pipecat/serializers/base_serializer.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from enum import Enum
 
-from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame
+from pipecat.frames.frames import Frame, StartFrame
 
 
 class FrameSerializerType(Enum):
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ class FrameSerializer(ABC):
     def type(self) -> FrameSerializerType:
         pass
 
+    async def setup(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def serialize(self, frame: Frame) -> str | bytes | None:
         pass

src/pipecat/serializers/telnyx.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import base64
 import json
+from typing import Optional
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     InputAudioRawFrame,
     InputDTMFFrame,
     KeypadEntry,
+    StartFrame,
     StartInterruptionFrame,
 )
 from pipecat.serializers.base_serializer import FrameSerializer, FrameSerializerType
@@ -29,8 +31,8 @@ from pipecat.serializers.base_serializer import FrameSerializer, FrameSerializer
 
 class TelnyxFrameSerializer(FrameSerializer):
     class InputParams(BaseModel):
-        telnyx_sample_rate: int = 8000
+        telnyx_sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
-        sample_rate: int = 16000
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
         inbound_encoding: str = "PCMU"
         outbound_encoding: str = "PCMU"
 
@@ -52,17 +54,21 @@ class TelnyxFrameSerializer(FrameSerializer):
     def type(self) -> FrameSerializerType:
         return FrameSerializerType.TEXT
 
+    async def setup(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._telnyx_sample_rate = self._params.telnyx_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
     async def serialize(self, frame: Frame) -> str | bytes | None:
         if isinstance(frame, AudioRawFrame):
             data = frame.audio
 
             if self._params.inbound_encoding == "PCMU":
                 serialized_data = await pcm_to_ulaw(
-                    data, frame.sample_rate, self._params.telnyx_sample_rate, self._resampler
+                    data, frame.sample_rate, self._telnyx_sample_rate, self._resampler
                 )
             elif self._params.inbound_encoding == "PCMA":
                 serialized_data = await pcm_to_alaw(
-                    data, frame.sample_rate, self._params.telnyx_sample_rate, self._resampler
+                    data, frame.sample_rate, self._telnyx_sample_rate, self._resampler
                 )
             else:
                 raise ValueError(f"Unsupported encoding: {self._params.inbound_encoding}")
@@ -89,22 +95,22 @@ class TelnyxFrameSerializer(FrameSerializer):
             if self._params.outbound_encoding == "PCMU":
                 deserialized_data = await ulaw_to_pcm(
                     payload,
-                    self._params.telnyx_sample_rate,
+                    self._telnyx_sample_rate,
-                    self._params.sample_rate,
+                    self._sample_rate,
                     self._resampler,
                 )
             elif self._params.outbound_encoding == "PCMA":
                 deserialized_data = await alaw_to_pcm(
                     payload,
-                    self._params.telnyx_sample_rate,
+                    self._telnyx_sample_rate,
-                    self._params.sample_rate,
+                    self._sample_rate,
                     self._resampler,
                 )
             else:
                 raise ValueError(f"Unsupported encoding: {self._params.outbound_encoding}")
 
             audio_frame = InputAudioRawFrame(
-                audio=deserialized_data, num_channels=1, sample_rate=self._params.sample_rate
+                audio=deserialized_data, num_channels=1, sample_rate=self._sample_rate
             )
             return audio_frame
         elif message["event"] == "dtmf":

src/pipecat/serializers/twilio.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import base64
 import json
+from typing import Optional
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
     InputAudioRawFrame,
     InputDTMFFrame,
     KeypadEntry,
+    StartFrame,
     StartInterruptionFrame,
     TransportMessageFrame,
     TransportMessageUrgentFrame,
@@ -25,19 +27,26 @@ from pipecat.serializers.base_serializer import FrameSerializer, FrameSerializer
 
 class TwilioFrameSerializer(FrameSerializer):
     class InputParams(BaseModel):
-        twilio_sample_rate: int = 8000
+        twilio_sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
-        sample_rate: int = 16000
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
 
     def __init__(self, stream_sid: str, params: InputParams = InputParams()):
         self._stream_sid = stream_sid
         self._params = params
 
+        self._twilio_sample_rate = 0
+        self._sample_rate = 0
+
         self._resampler = create_default_resampler()
 
     @property
     def type(self) -> FrameSerializerType:
         return FrameSerializerType.TEXT
 
+    async def setup(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._twilio_sample_rate = self._params.twilio_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
     async def serialize(self, frame: Frame) -> str | bytes | None:
         if isinstance(frame, StartInterruptionFrame):
             answer = {"event": "clear", "streamSid": self._stream_sid}
@@ -46,7 +55,7 @@ class TwilioFrameSerializer(FrameSerializer):
             data = frame.audio
 
             serialized_data = await pcm_to_ulaw(
-                data, frame.sample_rate, self._params.twilio_sample_rate, self._resampler
+                data, frame.sample_rate, self._twilio_sample_rate, self._resampler
             )
             payload = base64.b64encode(serialized_data).decode("utf-8")
             answer = {
@@ -67,10 +76,10 @@ class TwilioFrameSerializer(FrameSerializer):
             payload = base64.b64decode(payload_base64)
 
             deserialized_data = await ulaw_to_pcm(
-                payload, self._params.twilio_sample_rate, self._params.sample_rate, self._resampler
+                payload, self._twilio_sample_rate, self._sample_rate, self._resampler
             )
             audio_frame = InputAudioRawFrame(
-                audio=deserialized_data, num_channels=1, sample_rate=self._params.sample_rate
+                audio=deserialized_data, num_channels=1, sample_rate=self._sample_rate
             )
             return audio_frame
         elif message["event"] == "dtmf":

src/pipecat/services/ai_services.py

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class TTSService(AIService):
         # if push_silence_after_stop is True, send this amount of audio silence
         silence_time_s: float = 2.0,
         # TTS output sample rate
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         text_filter: Optional[BaseTextFilter] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -224,7 +224,8 @@ class TTSService(AIService):
         self._stop_frame_timeout_s: float = stop_frame_timeout_s
         self._push_silence_after_stop: bool = push_silence_after_stop
         self._silence_time_s: float = silence_time_s
-        self._sample_rate: int = sample_rate
+        self._init_sample_rate = sample_rate
+        self._sample_rate = 0
         self._voice_id: str = ""
         self._settings: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         self._text_filter: Optional[BaseTextFilter] = text_filter
@@ -248,16 +249,20 @@ class TTSService(AIService):
     async def flush_audio(self):
         pass
 
-    def language_to_service_language(self, language: Language) -> str | None:
-        return Language(language)
-
     # Converts the text to audio.
     @abstractmethod
     async def run_tts(self, text: str) -> AsyncGenerator[Frame, None]:
         pass
 
+    def language_to_service_language(self, language: Language) -> str | None:
+        return Language(language)
+
+    async def update_setting(self, key: str, value: Any):
+        pass
+
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._sample_rate = self._init_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
         if self._push_stop_frames:
             self._stop_frame_task = self.create_task(self._stop_frame_handler())
 
@@ -467,9 +472,17 @@ class WordTTSService(TTSService):
 class STTService(AIService):
     """STTService is a base class for speech-to-text services."""
 
-    def __init__(self, audio_passthrough=False, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        audio_passthrough=False,
+        # STT input sample rate
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self._audio_passthrough = audio_passthrough
+        self._init_sample_rate = sample_rate
+        self._sample_rate = 0
         self._settings: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         self._muted: bool = False
 
@@ -478,6 +491,10 @@ class STTService(AIService):
         """Returns whether the STT service is currently muted."""
         return self._muted
 
+    @property
+    def sample_rate(self) -> int:
+        return self._sample_rate
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def set_model(self, model: str):
         self.set_model_name(model)
@@ -491,6 +508,10 @@ class STTService(AIService):
         """Returns transcript as a string"""
         pass
 
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+        self._sample_rate = self._init_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
+
     async def _update_settings(self, settings: Mapping[str, Any]):
         logger.info(f"Updating STT settings: {self._settings}")
         for key, value in settings.items():
@@ -540,17 +561,15 @@ class SegmentedSTTService(STTService):
         min_volume: float = 0.6,
         max_silence_secs: float = 0.3,
         max_buffer_secs: float = 1.5,
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
-        num_channels: int = 1,
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
         self._min_volume = min_volume
         self._max_silence_secs = max_silence_secs
         self._max_buffer_secs = max_buffer_secs
-        self._sample_rate = sample_rate
+        self._content = None
-        self._num_channels = num_channels
+        self._wave = None
-        (self._content, self._wave) = self._new_wave()
         self._silence_num_frames = 0
         # Volume exponential smoothing
         self._smoothing_factor = 0.2
@@ -569,8 +588,8 @@ class SegmentedSTTService(STTService):
 
         # If buffer is not empty and we have enough data or there's been a long
         # silence, transcribe the audio gathered so far.
-        silence_secs = self._silence_num_frames / self._sample_rate
+        silence_secs = self._silence_num_frames / self.sample_rate
-        buffer_secs = self._wave.getnframes() / self._sample_rate
+        buffer_secs = self._wave.getnframes() / self.sample_rate
         if self._content.tell() > 0 and (
             buffer_secs > self._max_buffer_secs or silence_secs > self._max_silence_secs
         ):
@@ -580,18 +599,24 @@ class SegmentedSTTService(STTService):
             await self.process_generator(self.run_stt(self._content.read()))
             (self._content, self._wave) = self._new_wave()
 
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+        (self._content, self._wave) = self._new_wave()
+
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
+        await super().stop(frame)
         self._wave.close()
 
     async def cancel(self, frame: CancelFrame):
+        await super().cancel(frame)
         self._wave.close()
 
     def _new_wave(self):
         content = io.BytesIO()
         ww = wave.open(content, "wb")
         ww.setsampwidth(2)
-        ww.setnchannels(self._num_channels)
+        ww.setnchannels(1)
-        ww.setframerate(self._sample_rate)
+        ww.setframerate(self.sample_rate)
         return (content, ww)
 
     def _get_smoothed_volume(self, frame: AudioRawFrame) -> float:

src/pipecat/services/assemblyai.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 import asyncio
-from typing import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -38,20 +38,17 @@ class AssemblyAISTTService(STTService):
         self,
         *,
         api_key: str,
-        sample_rate: int = 16000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: AudioEncoding = AudioEncoding("pcm_s16le"),
         language=Language.EN,  # Only English is supported for Realtime
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
         aai.settings.api_key = api_key
         self._transcriber: aai.RealtimeTranscriber | None = None
-        # Store reference to the main event loop for use in callback functions
-        self._loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "encoding": encoding,
             "language": language,
         }
@@ -121,7 +118,7 @@ class AssemblyAISTTService(STTService):
 
             # Schedule the coroutine to run in the main event loop
             # This is necessary because this callback runs in a different thread
-            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.push_frame(frame), self._loop)
+            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.push_frame(frame), self.get_event_loop())
 
         def on_error(error: aai.RealtimeError):
             """Callback for handling errors from AssemblyAI.
@@ -131,14 +128,16 @@ class AssemblyAISTTService(STTService):
             """
             logger.error(f"{self}: An error occurred: {error}")
             # Schedule the coroutine to run in the main event loop
-            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.push_frame(ErrorFrame(str(error))), self._loop)
+            asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
+                self.push_frame(ErrorFrame(str(error))), self.get_event_loop()
+            )
 
         def on_close():
             """Callback for when the connection to AssemblyAI is closed."""
             logger.info(f"{self}: Disconnected from AssemblyAI")
 
         self._transcriber = aai.RealtimeTranscriber(
-            sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             encoding=self._settings["encoding"],
             on_data=on_data,
             on_error=on_error,

src/pipecat/services/aws.py

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class PollyTTSService(TTSService):
         aws_session_token: Optional[str] = None,
         region: Optional[str] = None,
         voice_id: str = "Joanna",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@ class PollyTTSService(TTSService):
             region_name=region,
         )
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "engine": params.engine,
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
@@ -226,9 +225,7 @@ class PollyTTSService(TTSService):
                 yield None
                 return
 
-            audio_data = await self._resampler.resample(
+            audio_data = await self._resampler.resample(audio_data, 16000, self.sample_rate)
-                audio_data, 16000, self._settings["sample_rate"]
-            )
 
             await self.start_tts_usage_metrics(text)
 
@@ -239,7 +236,7 @@ class PollyTTSService(TTSService):
                 chunk = audio_data[i : i + chunk_size]
                 if len(chunk) > 0:
                     await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                    frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                    frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
                     yield frame
 
             yield TTSStoppedFrame()

src/pipecat/services/azure.py

@@ -450,14 +450,13 @@ class AzureBaseTTSService(TTSService):
         api_key: str,
         region: str,
         voice="en-US-SaraNeural",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "emphasis": params.emphasis,
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
@@ -537,7 +536,7 @@ class AzureTTSService(AzureBaseTTSService):
             speech_recognition_language=self._settings["language"],
         )
         speech_config.set_speech_synthesis_output_format(
-            sample_rate_to_output_format(self._settings["sample_rate"])
+            sample_rate_to_output_format(self.sample_rate)
         )
         speech_config.set_service_property(
             "synthesizer.synthesis.connection.synthesisConnectionImpl",
@@ -591,7 +590,7 @@ class AzureTTSService(AzureBaseTTSService):
 
                 yield TTSAudioRawFrame(
                     audio=chunk,
-                    sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+                    sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
                     num_channels=1,
                 )
 
@@ -612,7 +611,7 @@ class AzureHttpTTSService(AzureBaseTTSService):
             speech_recognition_language=self._settings["language"],
         )
         speech_config.set_speech_synthesis_output_format(
-            sample_rate_to_output_format(self._settings["sample_rate"])
+            sample_rate_to_output_format(self.sample_rate)
         )
 
         self._speech_synthesizer = SpeechSynthesizer(speech_config=speech_config, audio_config=None)
@@ -633,7 +632,7 @@ class AzureHttpTTSService(AzureBaseTTSService):
             # Azure always sends a 44-byte header. Strip it off.
             yield TTSAudioRawFrame(
                 audio=result.audio_data[44:],
-                sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+                sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
                 num_channels=1,
             )
             yield TTSStoppedFrame()
@@ -650,24 +649,14 @@ class AzureSTTService(STTService):
         *,
         api_key: str,
         region: str,
-        language=Language.EN_US,
+        language: Language = Language.EN_US,
-        sample_rate=24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
-        channels=1,
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
-        speech_config = SpeechConfig(subscription=api_key, region=region)
+        self._speech_config = SpeechConfig(subscription=api_key, region=region)
-        speech_config.speech_recognition_language = language
+        self._speech_config.speech_recognition_language = language
-
-        stream_format = AudioStreamFormat(samples_per_second=sample_rate, channels=channels)
-        self._audio_stream = PushAudioInputStream(stream_format)
-
-        audio_config = AudioConfig(stream=self._audio_stream)
-        self._speech_recognizer = SpeechRecognizer(
-            speech_config=speech_config, audio_config=audio_config
-        )
-        self._speech_recognizer.recognized.connect(self._on_handle_recognized)
 
     async def run_stt(self, audio: bytes) -> AsyncGenerator[Frame, None]:
         await self.start_processing_metrics()
@@ -677,6 +666,16 @@ class AzureSTTService(STTService):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+
+        stream_format = AudioStreamFormat(samples_per_second=self.sample_rate, channels=1)
+        self._audio_stream = PushAudioInputStream(stream_format)
+
+        audio_config = AudioConfig(stream=self._audio_stream)
+
+        self._speech_recognizer = SpeechRecognizer(
+            speech_config=self._speech_config, audio_config=audio_config
+        )
+        self._speech_recognizer.recognized.connect(self._on_handle_recognized)
         self._speech_recognizer.start_continuous_recognition_async()
 
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):

src/pipecat/services/cartesia.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class CartesiaTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
         cartesia_version: str = "2024-06-10",
         url: str = "wss://api.cartesia.ai/tts/websocket",
         model: str = "sonic",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: str = "pcm_s16le",
         container: str = "raw",
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class CartesiaTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
             "output_format": {
                 "container": container,
                 "encoding": encoding,
-                "sample_rate": sample_rate,
+                "sample_rate": 0,
             },
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ class CartesiaTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._settings["output_format"]["sample_rate"] = self.sample_rate
         await self._connect()
 
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ class CartesiaTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
                 self.start_word_timestamps()
                 frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
                     audio=base64.b64decode(msg["data"]),
-                    sample_rate=self._settings["output_format"]["sample_rate"],
+                    sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
                     num_channels=1,
                 )
                 await self.push_frame(frame)
@@ -328,7 +329,7 @@ class CartesiaHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         voice_id: str,
         model: str = "sonic",
         base_url: str = "https://api.cartesia.ai",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: str = "pcm_s16le",
         container: str = "raw",
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ class CartesiaHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             "output_format": {
                 "container": container,
                 "encoding": encoding,
-                "sample_rate": sample_rate,
+                "sample_rate": 0,
             },
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
@@ -360,6 +361,10 @@ class CartesiaHttpTTSService(TTSService):
     def language_to_service_language(self, language: Language) -> str | None:
         return language_to_cartesia_language(language)
 
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+        self._settings["output_format"]["sample_rate"] = self.sample_rate
+
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
         await super().stop(frame)
         await self._client.close()
@@ -394,9 +399,7 @@ class CartesiaHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             )
 
             frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
-                audio=output["audio"],
+                audio=output["audio"], sample_rate=self.sample_rate, num_channels=1
-                sample_rate=self._settings["output_format"]["sample_rate"],
-                num_channels=1,
             )
             yield frame
         except Exception as e:

src/pipecat/services/deepgram.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 import asyncio
-from typing import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -53,14 +53,13 @@ class DeepgramTTSService(TTSService):
         *,
         api_key: str,
         voice: str = "aura-helios-en",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         encoding: str = "linear16",
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "encoding": encoding,
         }
         self.set_voice(voice)
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ class DeepgramTTSService(TTSService):
         options = SpeakOptions(
             model=self._voice_id,
             encoding=self._settings["encoding"],
-            sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             container="none",
         )
 
@@ -103,9 +102,7 @@ class DeepgramTTSService(TTSService):
                 chunk = audio_buffer.read(chunk_size)
                 if not chunk:
                     break
-                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
+                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(audio=chunk, sample_rate=self.sample_rate, num_channels=1)
-                    audio=chunk, sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"], num_channels=1
-                )
                 yield frame
 
                 yield TTSStoppedFrame()
@@ -121,15 +118,16 @@ class DeepgramSTTService(STTService):
         *,
         api_key: str,
         url: str = "",
-        live_options: LiveOptions = None,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
+        live_options: Optional[LiveOptions] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
+
         default_options = LiveOptions(
             encoding="linear16",
             language=Language.EN,
             model="nova-2-general",
-            sample_rate=16000,
             channels=1,
             interim_results=True,
             smart_format=True,
@@ -187,6 +185,7 @@ class DeepgramSTTService(STTService):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._settings["sample_rate"] = self.sample_rate
         await self._connect()
 
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):

src/pipecat/services/elevenlabs.py

@@ -104,17 +104,17 @@ def language_to_elevenlabs_language(language: Language) -> str | None:
     return result
 
 
-def sample_rate_from_output_format(output_format: str) -> int:
+def output_format_from_sample_rate(sample_rate: int) -> str:
-    match output_format:
+    match sample_rate:
-        case "pcm_16000":
+        case 16000:
-            return 16000
+            return "pcm_16000"
-        case "pcm_22050":
+        case 22050:
-            return 22050
+            return "pcm_22050"
-        case "pcm_24000":
+        case 24000:
-            return 24000
+            return "pcm_24000"
-        case "pcm_44100":
+        case 44100:
-            return 44100
+            return "pcm_44100"
-    return 16000
+    return "pcm_16000"
 
 
 def calculate_word_times(
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
         voice_id: str,
         model: str = "eleven_flash_v2_5",
         url: str = "wss://api.elevenlabs.io",
-        output_format: ElevenLabsOutputFormat = "pcm_24000",
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
             push_text_frames=False,
             push_stop_frames=True,
             stop_frame_timeout_s=2.0,
-            sample_rate=sample_rate_from_output_format(output_format),
+            sample_rate=sample_rate,
             **kwargs,
         )
         WebsocketService.__init__(self)
@@ -197,11 +197,9 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._url = url
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate_from_output_format(output_format),
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
             else None,
-            "output_format": output_format,
             "optimize_streaming_latency": params.optimize_streaming_latency,
             "stability": params.stability,
             "similarity_boost": params.similarity_boost,
@@ -211,6 +209,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
         }
         self.set_model_name(model)
         self.set_voice(voice_id)
+        self._output_format = ""  # initialized in start()
         self._voice_settings = self._set_voice_settings()
 
         # Indicates if we have sent TTSStartedFrame. It will reset to False when
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
         await self._disconnect()
         await self._connect()
 
-    async def _update_settings(self, settings: Dict[str, Any]):
+    async def _update_settings(self, settings: Mapping[str, Any]):
         prev_voice = self._voice_id
         await super()._update_settings(settings)
         if not prev_voice == self._voice_id:
@@ -264,6 +263,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._output_format = output_format_from_sample_rate(self.sample_rate)
         await self._connect()
 
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
 
             voice_id = self._voice_id
             model = self.model_name
-            output_format = self._settings["output_format"]
+            output_format = self._output_format
             url = f"{self._url}/v1/text-to-speech/{voice_id}/stream-input?model_id={model}&output_format={output_format}&auto_mode={self._settings['auto_mode']}"
 
             if self._settings["optimize_streaming_latency"]:
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ class ElevenLabsTTSService(WordTTSService, WebsocketService):
                 self.start_word_timestamps()
 
                 audio = base64.b64decode(msg["audio"])
-                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(audio, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(audio, self.sample_rate, 1)
                 await self.push_frame(frame)
             if msg.get("alignment"):
                 word_times = calculate_word_times(msg["alignment"], self._cumulative_time)
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ class ElevenLabsHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         aiohttp_session: aiohttp ClientSession
         model: Model ID (default: "eleven_flash_v2_5" for low latency)
         base_url: API base URL
-        output_format: Audio output format (PCM)
+        sample_rate: Output sample rate
         params: Additional parameters for voice configuration
     """
 
@@ -448,24 +448,21 @@ class ElevenLabsHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
         model: str = "eleven_flash_v2_5",
         base_url: str = "https://api.elevenlabs.io",
-        output_format: ElevenLabsOutputFormat = "pcm_24000",
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate_from_output_format(output_format), **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._base_url = base_url
-        self._output_format = output_format
         self._params = params
         self._session = aiohttp_session
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate_from_output_format(output_format),
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
             else None,
-            "output_format": output_format,
             "optimize_streaming_latency": params.optimize_streaming_latency,
             "stability": params.stability,
             "similarity_boost": params.similarity_boost,
@@ -474,6 +471,7 @@ class ElevenLabsHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         }
         self.set_model_name(model)
         self.set_voice(voice_id)
+        self._output_format = ""  # initialized in start()
         self._voice_settings = self._set_voice_settings()
 
     def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
@@ -508,6 +506,10 @@ class ElevenLabsHttpTTSService(TTSService):
 
         return voice_settings or None
 
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+        self._output_format = output_format_from_sample_rate(self.sample_rate)
+
     async def run_tts(self, text: str) -> AsyncGenerator[Frame, None]:
         """Generate speech from text using ElevenLabs streaming API.
 
@@ -570,7 +572,7 @@ class ElevenLabsHttpTTSService(TTSService):
                 async for chunk in response.content:
                     if chunk:
                         await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                        yield TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                        yield TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
 
                 yield TTSStoppedFrame()
 

src/pipecat/services/fish.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
         api_key: str,
         model: str,  # This is the reference_id
         output_format: FishAudioOutputFormat = "pcm",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
         self._started = False
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
+            "sample_rate": 0,
             "latency": params.latency,
             "format": output_format,
             "prosody": {
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._settings["sample_rate"] = self.sample_rate
         await self._connect()
 
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
@@ -157,9 +158,7 @@ class FishAudioTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
                             audio_data = msg.get("audio")
                             # Only process larger chunks to remove msgpack overhead
                             if audio_data and len(audio_data) > 1024:
-                                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
+                                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(audio_data, self.sample_rate, 1)
-                                    audio_data, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1
-                                )
                                 await self.push_frame(frame)
                                 await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
                                 continue

src/pipecat/services/gemini_multimodal_live/events.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class AudioInputMessage(BaseModel):
     realtimeInput: RealtimeInput
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_raw_audio(cls, raw_audio: bytes, sample_rate=16000) -> "AudioInputMessage":
+    def from_raw_audio(cls, raw_audio: bytes, sample_rate: int) -> "AudioInputMessage":
         data = base64.b64encode(raw_audio).decode("utf-8")
         return cls(
             realtimeInput=RealtimeInput(

src/pipecat/services/gemini_multimodal_live/gemini.py

@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ class GeminiMultimodalLiveLLMService(LLMService):
         self._bot_audio_buffer = bytearray()
         self._bot_text_buffer = ""
 
+        self._sample_rate = 24000
+
         self._settings = {
             "frequency_penalty": params.frequency_penalty,
             "max_tokens": params.max_tokens,
@@ -521,7 +523,7 @@ class GeminiMultimodalLiveLLMService(LLMService):
         if self._audio_input_paused:
             return
         # Send all audio to Gemini
-        evt = events.AudioInputMessage.from_raw_audio(frame.audio)
+        evt = events.AudioInputMessage.from_raw_audio(frame.audio, frame.sample_rate)
         await self.send_client_event(evt)
         # Manage a buffer of audio to use for transcription
         audio = frame.audio
@@ -650,7 +652,7 @@ class GeminiMultimodalLiveLLMService(LLMService):
         inline_data = part.inlineData
         if not inline_data:
             return
-        if inline_data.mimeType != "audio/pcm;rate=24000":
+        if inline_data.mimeType != f"audio/pcm;rate={self._sample_rate}":
             logger.warning(f"Unrecognized server_content format {inline_data.mimeType}")
             return
 
@@ -665,7 +667,7 @@ class GeminiMultimodalLiveLLMService(LLMService):
         self._bot_audio_buffer.extend(audio)
         frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
             audio=audio,
-            sample_rate=24000,
+            sample_rate=self._sample_rate,
             num_channels=1,
         )
         await self.push_frame(frame)

src/pipecat/services/gladia.py

@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ def language_to_gladia_language(language: Language) -> str | None:
 
 class GladiaSTTService(STTService):
     class InputParams(BaseModel):
-        sample_rate: Optional[int] = 16000
         language: Optional[Language] = Language.EN
         endpointing: Optional[float] = 0.2
         maximum_duration_without_endpointing: Optional[int] = 10
@@ -144,17 +143,18 @@ class GladiaSTTService(STTService):
         api_key: str,
         url: str = "https://api.gladia.io/v2/live",
         confidence: float = 0.5,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._url = url
         self._settings = {
             "encoding": "wav/pcm",
             "bit_depth": 16,
-            "sample_rate": params.sample_rate,
+            "sample_rate": 0,
             "channels": 1,
             "language_config": {
                 "languages": [self.language_to_service_language(params.language)]
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ class GladiaSTTService(STTService):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._settings["sample_rate"] = self.sample_rate
         response = await self._setup_gladia()
         self._websocket = await websockets.connect(response["url"])
         self._receive_task = self.create_task(self._receive_task_handler())

src/pipecat/services/google/google.py

@@ -883,14 +883,13 @@ class GoogleTTSService(TTSService):
         credentials: Optional[str] = None,
         credentials_path: Optional[str] = None,
         voice_id: str = "en-US-Neural2-A",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "pitch": params.pitch,
             "rate": params.rate,
             "volume": params.volume,
@@ -996,7 +995,7 @@ class GoogleTTSService(TTSService):
             )
             audio_config = texttospeech_v1.AudioConfig(
                 audio_encoding=texttospeech_v1.AudioEncoding.LINEAR16,
-                sample_rate_hertz=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+                sample_rate_hertz=self.sample_rate,
             )
 
             request = texttospeech_v1.SynthesizeSpeechRequest(
@@ -1019,7 +1018,7 @@ class GoogleTTSService(TTSService):
                 if not chunk:
                     break
                 await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
                 yield frame
                 await asyncio.sleep(0)  # Allow other tasks to run
 

src/pipecat/services/lmnt.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #
 
 import json
-from typing import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional
 
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
         *,
         api_key: str,
         voice_id: str,
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         language: Language = Language.EN,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ class LmntTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._voice_id = voice_id
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(language),
             "format": "raw",  # Use raw format for direct PCM data
         }
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
                 "X-API-Key": self._api_key,
                 "voice": self._voice_id,
                 "format": self._settings["format"],
-                "sample_rate": self._settings["sample_rate"],
+                "sample_rate": self.sample_rate,
                 "language": self._settings["language"],
             }
 
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ class LmntTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
                 await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
                 frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
                     audio=message,
-                    sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+                    sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
                     num_channels=1,
                 )
                 await self.push_frame(frame)

src/pipecat/services/openai.py

@@ -415,17 +415,14 @@ class OpenAITTSService(TTSService):
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        api_key: str | None = None,
+        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
         voice: str = "alloy",
         model: Literal["tts-1", "tts-1-hd"] = "tts-1",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
 
-        self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
-        }
         self.set_model_name(model)
         self.set_voice(voice)
 
@@ -465,7 +462,7 @@ class OpenAITTSService(TTSService):
                 async for chunk in r.iter_bytes(8192):
                     if len(chunk) > 0:
                         await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                        frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                        frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
                         yield frame
                 yield TTSStoppedFrame()
         except BadRequestError as e:

src/pipecat/services/playht.py

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class PlayHTTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
         user_id: str,
         voice_url: str,
         voice_engine: str = "Play3.0-mini",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         output_format: str = "wav",
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
@@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ class PlayHTTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
         self._request_id = None
 
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
             else "english",
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ class PlayHTTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
                 if message.startswith(b"RIFF"):
                     continue
                 await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(message, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(message, self.sample_rate, 1)
                 await self.push_frame(frame)
             else:
                 logger.debug(f"Received text message: {message}")
@@ -301,7 +300,7 @@ class PlayHTTTSService(TTSService, WebsocketService):
                 "voice": self._voice_id,
                 "voice_engine": self._settings["voice_engine"],
                 "output_format": self._settings["output_format"],
-                "sample_rate": self._settings["sample_rate"],
+                "sample_rate": self.sample_rate,
                 "language": self._settings["language"],
                 "speed": self._settings["speed"],
                 "seed": self._settings["seed"],
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ class PlayHTHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         user_id: str,
         voice_url: str,
         voice_engine: str = "Play3.0-mini-http",  # Options: Play3.0-mini-http, Play3.0-mini-ws
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -353,7 +352,6 @@ class PlayHTHttpTTSService(TTSService):
             api_key=self._api_key,
         )
         self._settings = {
-            "sample_rate": sample_rate,
             "language": self.language_to_service_language(params.language)
             if params.language
             else "english",
@@ -377,7 +375,7 @@ class PlayHTHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         self._options = TTSOptions(
             voice=self._voice_id,
             language=playht_language,
-            sample_rate=self._settings["sample_rate"],
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             format=self._settings["format"],
             speed=self._settings["speed"],
             seed=self._settings["seed"],
@@ -422,7 +420,7 @@ class PlayHTHttpTTSService(TTSService):
                 else:
                     if len(chunk):
                         await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
-                        frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self._settings["sample_rate"], 1)
+                        frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
                         yield frame
             yield TTSStoppedFrame()
         except Exception as e:

src/pipecat/services/rime.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class RimeHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         api_key: str,
         voice_id: str = "eva",
         model: str = "mist",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ class RimeHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._base_url = "https://users.rime.ai/v1/rime-tts"
         self._settings = {
-            "samplingRate": sample_rate,
             "speedAlpha": params.speed_alpha,
             "reduceLatency": params.reduce_latency,
             "pauseBetweenBrackets": params.pause_between_brackets,
@@ -71,6 +70,7 @@ class RimeHttpTTSService(TTSService):
         payload["text"] = text
         payload["speaker"] = self._voice_id
         payload["modelId"] = self._model_name
+        payload["samplingRate"] = self.sample_rate
 
         try:
             await self.start_ttfb_metrics()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class RimeHttpTTSService(TTSService):
                             first_chunk = False
 
                         if chunk:
-                            frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self._settings["samplingRate"], 1)
+                            frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(chunk, self.sample_rate, 1)
                             yield frame
 
             yield TTSStoppedFrame()

src/pipecat/services/riva.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class FastPitchTTSService(TTSService):
         api_key: str,
         server: str = "grpc.nvcf.nvidia.com:443",
         voice_id: str = "English-US.Female-1",
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         function_id: str = "0149dedb-2be8-4195-b9a0-e57e0e14f972",
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ class FastPitchTTSService(TTSService):
         super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._voice_id = voice_id
-        self._sample_rate = sample_rate
         self._language_code = params.language
         self._quality = params.quality
 
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ class FastPitchTTSService(TTSService):
                     text,
                     self._voice_id,
                     self._language_code,
-                    sample_rate_hz=self._sample_rate,
+                    sample_rate_hz=self.sample_rate,
                     audio_prompt_file=None,
                     quality=self._quality,
                     custom_dictionary={},
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ class FastPitchTTSService(TTSService):
                 await self.stop_ttfb_metrics()
                 frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(
                     audio=resp.audio,
-                    sample_rate=self._sample_rate,
+                    sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
                     num_channels=1,
                 )
                 yield frame
@@ -136,10 +135,11 @@ class ParakeetSTTService(STTService):
         api_key: str,
         server: str = "grpc.nvcf.nvidia.com:443",
         function_id: str = "1598d209-5e27-4d3c-8079-4751568b1081",
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         params: InputParams = InputParams(),
         **kwargs,
     ):
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
         self._api_key = api_key
         self._profanity_filter = False
         self._automatic_punctuation = False
@@ -154,7 +154,6 @@ class ParakeetSTTService(STTService):
         self._stop_history_eou = -1
         self._stop_threshold_eou = -1.0
         self._custom_configuration = ""
-        self._sample_rate: int = 16000
 
         self.set_model_name("parakeet-ctc-1.1b-asr")
 
@@ -166,6 +165,14 @@ class ParakeetSTTService(STTService):
 
         self._asr_service = riva.client.ASRService(auth)
 
+        self._queue = asyncio.Queue()
+
+    def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+
         config = riva.client.StreamingRecognitionConfig(
             config=riva.client.RecognitionConfig(
                 encoding=riva.client.AudioEncoding.LINEAR_PCM,
@@ -175,14 +182,16 @@ class ParakeetSTTService(STTService):
                 profanity_filter=self._profanity_filter,
                 enable_automatic_punctuation=self._automatic_punctuation,
                 verbatim_transcripts=not self._no_verbatim_transcripts,
-                sample_rate_hertz=self._sample_rate,
+                sample_rate_hertz=self.sample_rate,
                 audio_channel_count=1,
             ),
             interim_results=True,
         )
+
         riva.client.add_word_boosting_to_config(
             config, self._boosted_lm_words, self._boosted_lm_score
         )
+
         riva.client.add_endpoint_parameters_to_config(
             config,
             self._start_history,
@@ -193,15 +202,9 @@ class ParakeetSTTService(STTService):
             self._stop_threshold_eou,
         )
         riva.client.add_custom_configuration_to_config(config, self._custom_configuration)
+
         self._config = config
 
-        self._queue = asyncio.Queue()
-
-    def can_generate_metrics(self) -> bool:
-        return False
-
-    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
-        await super().start(frame)
         self._thread_task = self.create_task(self._thread_task_handler())
         self._response_task = self.create_task(self._response_task_handler())
         self._response_queue = asyncio.Queue()

src/pipecat/services/xtts.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD 2-Clause License
 #
 
-from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, Dict
+from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, Dict, Optional
 
 import aiohttp
 from loguru import logger
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class XTTSService(TTSService):
         base_url: str,
         aiohttp_session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
         language: Language = Language.EN,
-        sample_rate: int = 24000,
+        sample_rate: Optional[int] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, **kwargs)
@@ -164,18 +164,18 @@ class XTTSService(TTSService):
 
                         # XTTS uses 24000 so we need to resample to our desired rate.
                         resampled_audio = await self._resampler.resample(
-                            bytes(process_data), 24000, self._sample_rate
+                            bytes(process_data), 24000, self.sample_rate
                         )
                         # Create the frame with the resampled audio
-                        frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(resampled_audio, self._sample_rate, 1)
+                        frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(resampled_audio, self.sample_rate, 1)
                         yield frame
 
             # Process any remaining data in the buffer.
             if len(buffer) > 0:
                 resampled_audio = await self._resampler.resample(
-                    bytes(buffer), 24000, self._sample_rate
+                    bytes(buffer), 24000, self.sample_rate
                 )
-                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(resampled_audio, self._sample_rate, 1)
+                frame = TTSAudioRawFrame(resampled_audio, self.sample_rate, 1)
                 yield frame
 
             yield TTSStoppedFrame()

src/pipecat/transports/base_input.py

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ class BaseInputTransport(FrameProcessor):
 
         self._params = params
 
+        # Input sample rate. It will be initialized on StartFrame.
+        self._sample_rate = 0
+
         # We read audio from a single queue one at a time and we then run VAD in
         # a thread. Therefore, only one thread should be necessary.
         self._executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
@@ -43,10 +46,23 @@ class BaseInputTransport(FrameProcessor):
         # if passthrough is enabled.
         self._audio_task = None
 
+    @property
+    def sample_rate(self) -> int:
+        return self._sample_rate
+
+    @property
+    def vad_analyzer(self) -> VADAnalyzer | None:
+        return self._params.vad_analyzer
+
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
+
+        # Configure VAD analyzer.
+        if self._params.vad_enabled and self._params.vad_analyzer:
+            self._params.vad_analyzer.set_sample_rate(self._sample_rate)
         # Start audio filter.
         if self._params.audio_in_filter:
-            await self._params.audio_in_filter.start(self._params.audio_in_sample_rate)
+            await self._params.audio_in_filter.start(self._sample_rate)
         # Create audio input queue and task if needed.
         if self._params.audio_in_enabled or self._params.vad_enabled:
             self._audio_in_queue = asyncio.Queue()
@@ -67,9 +83,6 @@ class BaseInputTransport(FrameProcessor):
             await self.cancel_task(self._audio_task)
             self._audio_task = None
 
-    def vad_analyzer(self) -> VADAnalyzer | None:
-        return self._params.vad_analyzer
-
     async def push_audio_frame(self, frame: InputAudioRawFrame):
         if self._params.audio_in_enabled or self._params.vad_enabled:
             await self._audio_in_queue.put(frame)
@@ -104,9 +117,8 @@ class BaseInputTransport(FrameProcessor):
             await self.push_frame(frame, direction)
             await self.stop(frame)
         elif isinstance(frame, VADParamsUpdateFrame):
-            vad_analyzer = self.vad_analyzer()
+            if self.vad_analyzer:
-            if vad_analyzer:
+                self.vad_analyzer.set_params(frame.params)
-                vad_analyzer.set_params(frame.params)
         elif isinstance(frame, FilterUpdateSettingsFrame) and self._params.audio_in_filter:
             await self._params.audio_in_filter.process_frame(frame)
         # Other frames
@@ -140,11 +152,10 @@ class BaseInputTransport(FrameProcessor):
 
     async def _vad_analyze(self, audio_frame: InputAudioRawFrame) -> VADState:
         state = VADState.QUIET
-        vad_analyzer = self.vad_analyzer()
+        if self.vad_analyzer:
-        if vad_analyzer:
             logger.trace(f"{self}: analyzing VAD on {audio_frame}")
             state = await self.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
-                self._executor, vad_analyzer.analyze_audio, audio_frame.audio
+                self._executor, self.vad_analyzer.analyze_audio, audio_frame.audio
             )
             logger.trace(f"{self}: done analyzing VAD on {audio_frame}")
         return state

src/pipecat/transports/base_output.py

@@ -57,12 +57,11 @@ class BaseOutputTransport(FrameProcessor):
         # framerate.
         self._camera_images = None
 
-        # We will write 20ms audio at a time. If we receive long audio frames we
+        # Output sample rate. It will be initialized on StartFrame.
-        # will chunk them. This will help with interruption handling.
+        self._sample_rate = 0
-        audio_bytes_10ms = (
+
-            int(self._params.audio_out_sample_rate / 100) * self._params.audio_out_channels * 2
+        # Chunk size that will be written. It will be computed on StartFrame
-        )
+        self._audio_chunk_size = 0
-        self._audio_chunk_size = audio_bytes_10ms * 2
         self._audio_buffer = bytearray()
 
         self._stopped_event = asyncio.Event()
@@ -70,10 +69,21 @@ class BaseOutputTransport(FrameProcessor):
         # Indicates if the bot is currently speaking.
         self._bot_speaking = False
 
+    @property
+    def sample_rate(self) -> int:
+        return self._sample_rate
+
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.audio_out_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
+        # We will write 20ms audio at a time. If we receive long audio frames we
+        # will chunk them. This will help with interruption handling.
+        audio_bytes_10ms = int(self._sample_rate / 100) * self._params.audio_out_channels * 2
+        self._audio_chunk_size = audio_bytes_10ms * 2
+
         # Start audio mixer.
         if self._params.audio_out_mixer:
-            await self._params.audio_out_mixer.start(self._params.audio_out_sample_rate)
+            await self._params.audio_out_mixer.start(self._sample_rate)
         self._create_camera_task()
         self._create_sink_tasks()
 
@@ -298,7 +308,7 @@ class BaseOutputTransport(FrameProcessor):
                     # Generate an audio frame with only the mixer's part.
                     frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
                         audio=await self._params.audio_out_mixer.mix(silence),
-                        sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
+                        sample_rate=self._sample_rate,
                         num_channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
                     )
                     yield frame

src/pipecat/transports/base_transport.py

@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ class TransportParams(BaseModel):
     camera_out_color_format: str = "RGB"
     audio_out_enabled: bool = False
     audio_out_is_live: bool = False
-    audio_out_sample_rate: int = 24000
+    audio_out_sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
     audio_out_channels: int = 1
     audio_out_bitrate: int = 96000
     audio_out_mixer: Optional[BaseAudioMixer] = None
     audio_in_enabled: bool = False
-    audio_in_sample_rate: int = 16000
+    audio_in_sample_rate: Optional[int] = None
     audio_in_channels: int = 1
     audio_in_filter: Optional[BaseAudioFilter] = None
     vad_enabled: bool = False

src/pipecat/transports/local/audio.py

@@ -28,35 +28,40 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 class LocalAudioInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
     def __init__(self, py_audio: pyaudio.PyAudio, params: TransportParams):
         super().__init__(params)
+        self._py_audio = py_audio
+        self._in_stream = None
+        self._sample_rate = 0
 
-        sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
-        num_frames = int(sample_rate / 100) * 2  # 20ms of audio
+        await super().start(frame)
 
-        self._in_stream = py_audio.open(
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
-            format=py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
+        num_frames = int(self._sample_rate / 100) * 2  # 20ms of audio
-            channels=params.audio_in_channels,
+
-            rate=params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+        self._in_stream = self._py_audio.open(
+            format=self._py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
+            channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
+            rate=self._sample_rate,
             frames_per_buffer=num_frames,
             stream_callback=self._audio_in_callback,
             input=True,
         )
-
-    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
-        await super().start(frame)
         self._in_stream.start_stream()
 
     async def cleanup(self):
         await super().cleanup()
-        self._in_stream.stop_stream()
+        if self._in_stream:
-        # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
+            self._in_stream.stop_stream()
-        while self._in_stream.is_active():
+            # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
-            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            while self._in_stream.is_active():
-        self._in_stream.close()
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            self._in_stream.close()
+            self._in_stream = None
 
     def _audio_in_callback(self, in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
         frame = InputAudioRawFrame(
             audio=in_data,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self._sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
         )
 
@@ -68,32 +73,41 @@ class LocalAudioInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 class LocalAudioOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
     def __init__(self, py_audio: pyaudio.PyAudio, params: TransportParams):
         super().__init__(params)
+        self._py_audio = py_audio
+        self._out_stream = None
+        self._sample_rate = 0
 
         # We only write audio frames from a single task, so only one thread
         # should be necessary.
         self._executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
 
-        self._out_stream = py_audio.open(
-            format=py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
-            channels=params.audio_out_channels,
-            rate=params.audio_out_sample_rate,
-            output=True,
-        )
-
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.audio_out_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
+        self._out_stream = self._py_audio.open(
+            format=self._py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
+            channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
+            rate=self._sample_rate,
+            output=True,
+        )
         self._out_stream.start_stream()
 
     async def cleanup(self):
         await super().cleanup()
-        self._out_stream.stop_stream()
+        if self._out_stream:
-        # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
+            self._out_stream.stop_stream()
-        while self._out_stream.is_active():
+            # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
-            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            while self._out_stream.is_active():
-        self._out_stream.close()
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            self._out_stream.close()
 
     async def write_raw_audio_frames(self, frames: bytes):
-        await self.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(self._executor, self._out_stream.write, frames)
+        if self._out_stream:
+            await self.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
+                self._executor, self._out_stream.write, frames
+            )
 
 
 class LocalAudioTransport(BaseTransport):

src/pipecat/transports/local/tk.py

@@ -36,35 +36,39 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 class TkInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
     def __init__(self, py_audio: pyaudio.PyAudio, params: TransportParams):
         super().__init__(params)
+        self._py_audio = py_audio
+        self._in_stream = None
+        self._sample_rate = 0
 
-        sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
-        num_frames = int(sample_rate / 100) * 2  # 20ms of audio
+        await super().start(frame)
 
-        self._in_stream = py_audio.open(
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
-            format=py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
+        num_frames = int(self._sample_rate / 100) * 2  # 20ms of audio
-            channels=params.audio_in_channels,
+
-            rate=params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+        self._in_stream = self._py_audio.open(
+            format=self._py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
+            channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
+            rate=self._sample_rate,
             frames_per_buffer=num_frames,
             stream_callback=self._audio_in_callback,
             input=True,
         )
-
-    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
-        await super().start(frame)
         self._in_stream.start_stream()
 
     async def cleanup(self):
         await super().cleanup()
-        self._in_stream.stop_stream()
+        if self._in_stream:
-        # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
+            self._in_stream.stop_stream()
-        while self._in_stream.is_active():
+            # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
-            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            while self._in_stream.is_active():
-        self._in_stream.close()
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            self._in_stream.close()
 
     def _audio_in_callback(self, in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
         frame = InputAudioRawFrame(
             audio=in_data,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self._sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
         )
 
@@ -76,18 +80,14 @@ class TkInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 class TkOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
     def __init__(self, tk_root: tk.Tk, py_audio: pyaudio.PyAudio, params: TransportParams):
         super().__init__(params)
+        self._py_audio = py_audio
+        self._out_stream = None
+        self._sample_rate = 0
 
         # We only write audio frames from a single task, so only one thread
         # should be necessary.
         self._executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
 
-        self._out_stream = py_audio.open(
-            format=py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
-            channels=params.audio_out_channels,
-            rate=params.audio_out_sample_rate,
-            output=True,
-        )
-
         # Start with a neutral gray background.
         array = np.ones((1024, 1024, 3)) * 128
         data = f"P5 {1024} {1024} 255 ".encode() + array.astype(np.uint8).tobytes()
@@ -97,18 +97,31 @@ class TkOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+
+        self._sample_rate = self._params.audio_out_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
+        self._out_stream = self._py_audio.open(
+            format=self._py_audio.get_format_from_width(2),
+            channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
+            rate=self._sample_rate,
+            output=True,
+        )
         self._out_stream.start_stream()
 
     async def cleanup(self):
         await super().cleanup()
-        self._out_stream.stop_stream()
+        if self._out_stream:
-        # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
+            self._out_stream.stop_stream()
-        while self._out_stream.is_active():
+            # This is not very pretty (taken from PyAudio docs).
-            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            while self._out_stream.is_active():
-        self._out_stream.close()
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            self._out_stream.close()
 
     async def write_raw_audio_frames(self, frames: bytes):
-        await self.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(self._executor, self._out_stream.write, frames)
+        if self._out_stream:
+            await self.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
+                self._executor, self._out_stream.write, frames
+            )
 
     async def write_frame_to_camera(self, frame: OutputImageRawFrame):
         self.get_event_loop().call_soon(self._write_frame_to_tk, frame)

src/pipecat/transports/network/fastapi_websocket.py

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ class FastAPIWebsocketInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        await self._params.serializer.setup(frame)
         if self._params.session_timeout:
             self._monitor_websocket_task = self.create_task(self._monitor_websocket())
         await self._callbacks.on_client_connected(self._websocket)
@@ -118,9 +119,19 @@ class FastAPIWebsocketOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
         self._websocket = websocket
         self._params = params
 
-        self._send_interval = (self._audio_chunk_size / self._params.audio_out_sample_rate) / 2
+        # write_raw_audio_frames() is called quickly, as soon as we get audio
+        # (e.g. from the TTS), and since this is just a network connection we
+        # would be sending it to quickly. Instead, we want to block to emulate
+        # an audio device, this is what the send interval is. It will be
+        # computed on StartFrame.
+        self._send_interval = 0
         self._next_send_time = 0
 
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+        await self._params.serializer.setup(frame)
+        self._send_interval = (self._audio_chunk_size / self.sample_rate) / 2
+
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
@@ -136,7 +147,7 @@ class FastAPIWebsocketOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
 
         frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
             audio=frames,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
         )
 

src/pipecat/transports/network/websocket_client.py

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ class WebsocketClientInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        await self._params.serializer.setup(frame)
         await self._session.setup(frame)
         await self._session.connect()
 
@@ -154,11 +155,18 @@ class WebsocketClientOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
         self._session = session
         self._params = params
 
-        self._send_interval = (self._audio_chunk_size / self._params.audio_out_sample_rate) / 2
+        # write_raw_audio_frames() is called quickly, as soon as we get audio
+        # (e.g. from the TTS), and since this is just a network connection we
+        # would be sending it to quickly. Instead, we want to block to emulate
+        # an audio device, this is what the send interval is. It will be
+        # computed on StartFrame.
+        self._send_interval = 0
         self._next_send_time = 0
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        self._send_interval = (self._audio_chunk_size / self.sample_rate) / 2
+        await self._params.serializer.setup(frame)
         await self._session.setup(frame)
         await self._session.connect()
 
@@ -176,7 +184,7 @@ class WebsocketClientOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
     async def write_raw_audio_frames(self, frames: bytes):
         frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
             audio=frames,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
         )
 

src/pipecat/transports/network/websocket_server.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from pipecat.frames.frames import (
 )
 from pipecat.processors.frame_processor import FrameDirection
 from pipecat.serializers.base_serializer import FrameSerializer
-from pipecat.serializers.protobuf import ProtobufFrameSerializer
 from pipecat.transports.base_input import BaseInputTransport
 from pipecat.transports.base_output import BaseOutputTransport
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
 
 class WebsocketServerParams(TransportParams):
     add_wav_header: bool = False
-    serializer: FrameSerializer = ProtobufFrameSerializer()
+    serializer: FrameSerializer
     session_timeout: int | None = None
 
 
@@ -67,20 +66,32 @@ class WebsocketServerInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 
         self._websocket: websockets.WebSocketServerProtocol | None = None
 
+        self._server_task = None
+
+        # This task will monitor the websocket connection periodically.
+        self._monitor_task = None
+
         self._stop_server_event = asyncio.Event()
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
+        await self._params.serializer.setup(frame)
         self._server_task = self.create_task(self._server_task_handler())
 
     async def stop(self, frame: EndFrame):
         await super().stop(frame)
         self._stop_server_event.set()
-        await self.wait_for_task(self._server_task)
+        if self._monitor_task:
+            await self.cancel_task(self._monitor_task)
+        if self._server_task:
+            await self.wait_for_task(self._server_task)
 
     async def cancel(self, frame: CancelFrame):
         await super().cancel(frame)
-        await self.cancel_task(self._server_task)
+        if self._monitor_task:
+            await self.cancel_task(self._monitor_task)
+        if self._server_task:
+            await self.cancel_task(self._server_task)
 
     async def _server_task_handler(self):
         logger.info(f"Starting websocket server on {self._host}:{self._port}")
@@ -100,7 +111,9 @@ class WebsocketServerInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 
         # Create a task to monitor the websocket connection
         if self._params.session_timeout:
-            self.create_task(self._monitor_websocket(websocket))
+            self._monitor_task = self.create_task(
+                self._monitor_websocket(websocket, self._params.session_timeout)
+            )
 
         # Handle incoming messages
         try:
@@ -125,10 +138,13 @@ class WebsocketServerInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
 
         logger.info(f"Client {websocket.remote_address} disconnected")
 
-    async def _monitor_websocket(self, websocket: websockets.WebSocketServerProtocol):
+    async def _monitor_websocket(
-        """Wait for self._params.session_timeout seconds, if the websocket is still open, trigger timeout event."""
+        self, websocket: websockets.WebSocketServerProtocol, session_timeout: int
+    ):
+        """Wait for session_timeout seconds, if the websocket is still open,
+        trigger timeout event."""
         try:
-            await asyncio.sleep(self._params.session_timeout)
+            await asyncio.sleep(session_timeout)
             if not websocket.closed:
                 await self._callbacks.on_session_timeout(websocket)
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
@@ -144,7 +160,12 @@ class WebsocketServerOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
 
         self._websocket: websockets.WebSocketServerProtocol | None = None
 
-        self._send_interval = (self._audio_chunk_size / self._params.audio_out_sample_rate) / 2
+        # write_raw_audio_frames() is called quickly, as soon as we get audio
+        # (e.g. from the TTS), and since this is just a network connection we
+        # would be sending it to quickly. Instead, we want to block to emulate
+        # an audio device, this is what the send interval is. It will be
+        # computed on StartFrame.
+        self._send_interval = 0
         self._next_send_time = 0
 
     async def set_client_connection(self, websocket: websockets.WebSocketServerProtocol | None):
@@ -153,6 +174,11 @@ class WebsocketServerOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
             logger.warning("Only one client allowed, using new connection")
         self._websocket = websocket
 
+    async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        await super().start(frame)
+        await self._params.serializer.setup(frame)
+        self._send_interval = (self._audio_chunk_size / self.sample_rate) / 2
+
     async def process_frame(self, frame: Frame, direction: FrameDirection):
         await super().process_frame(frame, direction)
 
@@ -168,7 +194,7 @@ class WebsocketServerOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
 
         frame = OutputAudioRawFrame(
             audio=frames,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
         )
 
@@ -213,14 +239,13 @@ class WebsocketServerOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
 class WebsocketServerTransport(BaseTransport):
     def __init__(
         self,
+        params: WebsocketServerParams,
         host: str = "localhost",
         port: int = 8765,
-        params: WebsocketServerParams = WebsocketServerParams(),
         input_name: str | None = None,
         output_name: str | None = None,
-        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None,
     ):
-        super().__init__(input_name=input_name, output_name=output_name, loop=loop)
+        super().__init__(input_name=input_name, output_name=output_name)
         self._host = host
         self._port = port
         self._params = params

src/pipecat/transports/services/daily.py

@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ class DailyTransportMessageUrgentFrame(TransportMessageUrgentFrame):
 
 
 class WebRTCVADAnalyzer(VADAnalyzer):
-    def __init__(self, *, sample_rate=16000, num_channels=1, params: VADParams = VADParams()):
+    def __init__(self, *, sample_rate: Optional[int] = None, params: VADParams = VADParams()):
-        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, num_channels=num_channels, params=params)
+        super().__init__(sample_rate=sample_rate, params=params)
 
         self._webrtc_vad = Daily.create_native_vad(
-            reset_period_ms=VAD_RESET_PERIOD_MS, sample_rate=sample_rate, channels=num_channels
+            reset_period_ms=VAD_RESET_PERIOD_MS, sample_rate=self.sample_rate, channels=1
         )
         logger.debug("Loaded native WebRTC VAD")
 
@@ -222,33 +222,13 @@ class DailyTransportClient(EventHandler):
         self._callback_queue = asyncio.Queue()
         self._callback_task = None
 
+        # Input and ouput sample rates. They will be initialize on setup().
+        self._in_sample_rate = 0
+        self._out_sample_rate = 0
+
         self._camera: VirtualCameraDevice | None = None
-        if self._params.camera_out_enabled:
-            self._camera = Daily.create_camera_device(
-                self._camera_name(),
-                width=self._params.camera_out_width,
-                height=self._params.camera_out_height,
-                color_format=self._params.camera_out_color_format,
-            )
-
         self._mic: VirtualMicrophoneDevice | None = None
-        if self._params.audio_out_enabled:
-            self._mic = Daily.create_microphone_device(
-                self._mic_name(),
-                sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
-                channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
-                non_blocking=True,
-            )
-
         self._speaker: VirtualSpeakerDevice | None = None
-        if self._params.audio_in_enabled or self._params.vad_enabled:
-            self._speaker = Daily.create_speaker_device(
-                self._speaker_name(),
-                sample_rate=self._params.audio_in_sample_rate,
-                channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
-                non_blocking=True,
-            )
-            Daily.select_speaker_device(self._speaker_name())
 
     def _camera_name(self):
         return f"camera-{self}"
@@ -281,7 +261,7 @@ class DailyTransportClient(EventHandler):
         if not self._speaker:
             return None
 
-        sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate
+        sample_rate = self._in_sample_rate
         num_channels = self._params.audio_in_channels
         num_frames = int(sample_rate / 100) * 2  # 20ms of audio
 
@@ -315,6 +295,34 @@ class DailyTransportClient(EventHandler):
         self._camera.write_frame(frame.image)
 
     async def setup(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._in_sample_rate = self._params.audio_in_sample_rate or frame.audio_in_sample_rate
+        self._out_sample_rate = self._params.audio_out_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
+
+        if self._params.camera_out_enabled and not self._camera:
+            self._camera = Daily.create_camera_device(
+                self._camera_name(),
+                width=self._params.camera_out_width,
+                height=self._params.camera_out_height,
+                color_format=self._params.camera_out_color_format,
+            )
+
+        if self._params.audio_out_enabled and not self._mic:
+            self._mic = Daily.create_microphone_device(
+                self._mic_name(),
+                sample_rate=self._out_sample_rate,
+                channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
+                non_blocking=True,
+            )
+
+        if (self._params.audio_in_enabled or self._params.vad_enabled) and not self._speaker:
+            self._speaker = Daily.create_speaker_device(
+                self._speaker_name(),
+                sample_rate=self._in_sample_rate,
+                channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
+                non_blocking=True,
+            )
+            Daily.select_speaker_device(self._speaker_name())
+
         if not self._task_manager:
             self._task_manager = frame.task_manager
             self._callback_task = self._task_manager.create_task(
@@ -707,6 +715,7 @@ class DailyInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         super().__init__(params, **kwargs)
 
         self._client = client
+        self._params = params
 
         self._video_renderers = {}
 
@@ -715,11 +724,10 @@ class DailyInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         self._audio_in_task = None
 
         self._vad_analyzer: VADAnalyzer | None = params.vad_analyzer
-        if params.vad_enabled and not params.vad_analyzer:
+
-            self._vad_analyzer = WebRTCVADAnalyzer(
+    @property
-                sample_rate=self._params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+    def vad_analyzer(self) -> VADAnalyzer | None:
-                num_channels=self._params.audio_in_channels,
+        return self._vad_analyzer
-            )
 
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         # Parent start.
@@ -728,6 +736,9 @@ class DailyInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         await self._client.setup(frame)
         # Join the room.
         await self._client.join()
+        # Inialize WebRTC VAD if needed.
+        if self._params.vad_enabled and not self._params.vad_analyzer:
+            self._vad_analyzer = WebRTCVADAnalyzer(sample_rate=self.sample_rate)
         # Create audio task. It reads audio frames from Daily and push them
         # internally for VAD processing.
         if self._params.audio_in_enabled or self._params.vad_enabled:
@@ -757,9 +768,6 @@ class DailyInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         await super().cleanup()
         await self._client.cleanup()
 
-    def vad_analyzer(self) -> VADAnalyzer | None:
-        return self._vad_analyzer
-
     #
     # FrameProcessor
     #

src/pipecat/transports/services/livekit.py

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ class LiveKitTransportClient:
         return self._room
 
     async def setup(self, frame: StartFrame):
+        self._out_sample_rate = self._params.audio_out_sample_rate or frame.audio_out_sample_rate
         if not self._task_manager:
             self._task_manager = frame.task_manager
             self._room = rtc.Room(loop=self._task_manager.get_event_loop())
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ class LiveKitTransportClient:
 
             # Set up audio source and track
             self._audio_source = rtc.AudioSource(
-                self._params.audio_out_sample_rate, self._params.audio_out_channels
+                self._out_sample_rate, self._params.audio_out_channels
             )
             self._audio_track = rtc.LocalAudioTrack.create_audio_track(
                 "pipecat-audio", self._audio_source
@@ -351,6 +352,10 @@ class LiveKitInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         self._vad_analyzer: VADAnalyzer | None = params.vad_analyzer
         self._resampler = create_default_resampler()
 
+    @property
+    def vad_analyzer(self) -> VADAnalyzer | None:
+        return self._vad_analyzer
+
     async def start(self, frame: StartFrame):
         await super().start(frame)
         await self._client.setup(frame)
@@ -372,9 +377,6 @@ class LiveKitInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         if self._audio_in_task and (self._params.audio_in_enabled or self._params.vad_enabled):
             await self.cancel_task(self._audio_in_task)
 
-    def vad_analyzer(self) -> VADAnalyzer | None:
-        return self._vad_analyzer
-
     async def push_app_message(self, message: Any, sender: str):
         frame = LiveKitTransportMessageUrgentFrame(message=message, participant_id=sender)
         await self.push_frame(frame)
@@ -401,12 +403,12 @@ class LiveKitInputTransport(BaseInputTransport):
         audio_frame = audio_frame_event.frame
 
         audio_data = await self._resampler.resample(
-            audio_frame.data.tobytes(), audio_frame.sample_rate, self._params.audio_in_sample_rate
+            audio_frame.data.tobytes(), audio_frame.sample_rate, self.sample_rate
         )
 
         return AudioRawFrame(
             audio=audio_data,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_in_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             num_channels=audio_frame.num_channels,
         )
 
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ class LiveKitOutputTransport(BaseOutputTransport):
 
         return rtc.AudioFrame(
             data=pipecat_audio,
-            sample_rate=self._params.audio_out_sample_rate,
+            sample_rate=self.sample_rate,
             num_channels=self._params.audio_out_channels,
             samples_per_channel=samples_per_channel,
         )