Merge pull request #4338 from pipecat-ai/mb/fix-examples-types

Include examples in type checking

examples/audio/audio-bot-background-sound.py

@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ transport_params = {
 
 
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/audio/audio-recording.py

@@ -108,17 +108,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"), audio_passthrough=True)
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"], audio_passthrough=True)
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/audio/audio-sound-effects.py

@@ -102,17 +102,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),
     )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),

examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-dedicated-llm.py

@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ async def get_current_weather(params: FunctionCallParams):
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info("Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Primary LLM for conversation (could be any provider)
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Dedicated cheap/fast LLM for summarization only
     summarization_llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             model="gemini-2.5-flash",
         ),

examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-google.py

@@ -77,17 +77,17 @@ async def get_current_weather(params: FunctionCallParams):
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info("Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You have access to tools to get the current weather - use them when relevant.",
         ),

examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-manual-openai.py

@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ async def summarize_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info("Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
                     """
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),

examples/context-summarization/context-summarization-openai.py

@@ -77,17 +77,17 @@ async def get_current_weather(params: FunctionCallParams):
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info("Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You have access to tools to get the current weather - use them when relevant.",
         ),

examples/features/features-before-and-after-events.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/features/features-concurrent-llm-evaluation.py

@@ -58,24 +58,24 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     openai_llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),
     )
 
     groq_llm = GroqLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GROQ_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GROQ_API_KEY"],
         settings=GroqLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a very helpful assistant. Your goal is to demonstrate your capabilities in detail in a creative and helpful way.",
         ),

examples/features/features-concurrent-llm-rtvi-ignored-sources.py

@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info("Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Main LLM — drives the conversation. Its RTVI events reach the client.
     main_llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     # Evaluator LLM — silently grades the user's message in the background.
     # Its RTVI events will be suppressed so the client is unaware of this branch.
     evaluator_llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         name="EvaluatorLLM",
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a silent quality evaluator. When given a user message, respond with a single JSON object: {'score': <1-5>, 'reason': '<brief reason>'}. Do not respond conversationally.",

examples/features/features-custom-frame-processor.py

@@ -91,17 +91,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/features/features-gpu-container-local-bot.py

@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = DeepgramTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=DeepgramTTSService.Settings(
             voice="aura-asteria-en",
         ),
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
         # To use OpenAI
-        # api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        # api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         # Or, to use a local vLLM (or similar) api server
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             model="meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",

examples/features/features-live-translation.py

@@ -55,17 +55,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="d4db5fb9-f44b-4bd1-85fa-192e0f0d75f9",  # Spanish-speaking Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a live translation assistant. Your sole purpose is to translate English text into Spanish. When you receive English text from the user, immediately translate it into natural, fluent Spanish. Do not add explanations, commentary, or extra information—only provide the Spanish translation of the text you receive.",
         ),

examples/features/features-pattern-pair-voice-switching.py

@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     llm_text_aggregator.on_pattern_match("voice", on_voice_tag)
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     # Process LLM text through the pattern aggregator before TTS
     llm_text_processor = LLMTextProcessor(text_aggregator=llm_text_aggregator)
 
     # Initialize TTS with narrator voice as default
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice=VOICE_IDS["narrator"],
         ),
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Remember: Use narrator voice for EVERYTHING except the actual quoted dialogue.""
 
     # Initialize LLM
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),

examples/features/features-service-switcher.py

@@ -94,19 +94,19 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
         required=["location", "format"],
     )
 
-    stt_cartesia = CartesiaSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"))
+    stt_cartesia = CartesiaSTTService(api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"])
-    stt_deepgram = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt_deepgram = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
     # Uses ServiceSwitcherStrategyManual by default
     stt_switcher = ServiceSwitcher(services=[stt_cartesia, stt_deepgram])
 
     tts_cartesia = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
     tts_deepgram = DeepgramTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=DeepgramTTSService.Settings(
             voice="aura-2-helena-en",
         ),
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     system_prompt = "You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way."
 
     llm_openai = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(system_instruction=system_prompt),
     )
     llm_google = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(system_instruction=system_prompt),
     )
     # Uses ServiceSwitcherStrategyManual by default

examples/features/features-switch-languages.py

@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ class SwitchLanguage(ParallelPipeline):
         self._current_language = "English"
 
         english_tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
             settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
             ),
         )
 
         spanish_tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
             settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="d4db5fb9-f44b-4bd1-85fa-192e0f0d75f9",  # Spanish-speaking Lady
             ),
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=DeepgramSTTService.Settings(
             language="multi",
         ),
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     tts = SwitchLanguage()
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You can speak the following languages: 'English' and 'Spanish'.",
         ),

examples/features/features-switch-voices.py

@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ class SwitchVoices(ParallelPipeline):
         self._current_voice = "News Lady"
 
         news_lady = CartesiaTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
             settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="bf991597-6c13-47e4-8411-91ec2de5c466",  # Newslady
             ),
         )
 
         british_lady = CartesiaTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
             settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
             ),
         )
 
         barbershop_man = CartesiaTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
             settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="a0e99841-438c-4a64-b679-ae501e7d6091",  # Barbershop Man
             ),
@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = SwitchVoices()
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative and helpful way. You can do the following voices: 'News Lady', 'British Lady' and 'Barbershop Man'.",
         ),

examples/features/features-user-email-gathering.py

@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     # Cartesia offers a `<spell></spell>` tags that we can use to ask the user
     # to confirm the emails.
     # (see https://docs.cartesia.ai/build-with-sonic/formatting-text-for-sonic/spelling-out-input-text)
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     # )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You need to gather a valid email or emails from the user. Your output will be spoken aloud, so avoid special characters that can't easily be spoken, such as emojis or bullet points. If the user provides one or more email addresses confirm them with the user. Enclose all emails with <spell> tags, for example <spell>a@a.com</spell>.",
         ),

examples/features/features-voicemail-detection.py

@@ -52,22 +52,22 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),
     )
-    classifier_llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
+    classifier_llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"])
 
     voicemail = VoicemailDetector(llm=classifier_llm)
 

examples/features/features-wake-phrase.py

@@ -57,21 +57,21 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=DeepgramSTTService.Settings(
             keyterm=["pipecat"],
         ),
     )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-async-stream.py

@@ -107,17 +107,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=(

examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-async.py

@@ -66,17 +66,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic-video.py

@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Anthropic for vision analysis
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You are able to describe images from the user camera.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-anthropic.py

@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-aws-video.py

@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-azure.py

@@ -60,18 +60,18 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = AzureLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("AZURE_CHATGPT_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["AZURE_CHATGPT_API_KEY"],
-        endpoint=os.getenv("AZURE_CHATGPT_ENDPOINT"),
+        endpoint=os.environ["AZURE_CHATGPT_ENDPOINT"],
         settings=AzureLLMService.Settings(
             model=os.getenv("AZURE_CHATGPT_MODEL"),
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-cerebras.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = CerebrasLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CEREBRAS_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CEREBRAS_API_KEY"],
         settings=CerebrasLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="""You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.
 

examples/function-calling/function-calling-deepseek.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = DeepSeekLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPSEEK_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPSEEK_API_KEY"],
         settings=DeepSeekLLMService.Settings(
             model="deepseek-chat",
             system_instruction="""You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.

examples/function-calling/function-calling-direct.py

@@ -76,17 +76,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-fireworks.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = FireworksLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("FIREWORKS_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["FIREWORKS_API_KEY"],
         settings=FireworksLLMService.Settings(
             model="accounts/fireworks/models/gpt-oss-20b",
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-async-stream.py

@@ -107,17 +107,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=(

examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-async.py

@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ indicate you should use the get_image tool are:
 """
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,

examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-vertex.py

@@ -60,19 +60,19 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_API_KEY", ""),
+        api_key=os.environ["ELEVENLABS_API_KEY"],
         settings=ElevenLabsTTSService.Settings(
-            voice=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID", ""),
+            voice=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_VOICE_ID", "Xb7hH8MSUJpSbSDYk0k2"),
         ),
     )
 
     llm = GoogleVertexLLMService(
-        credentials=os.getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_TEST_CREDENTIALS"),
+        credentials=os.environ["GOOGLE_VERTEX_TEST_CREDENTIALS"],
-        project_id=os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID"),
+        project_id=os.environ["GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID"],
-        location=os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION"),
+        location=os.environ["GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION"],
         settings=GoogleVertexLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),
@@ -103,14 +103,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
     tools = ToolsSchema(standard_tools=[weather_function])
 
-    messages = [
+    context = LLMContext(tools=tools)
-        {
-            "role": "developer",
-            "content": "Start a conversation with 'Hey there' to get the current weather.",
-        },
-    ]
-
-    context = LLMContext(messages, tools)
     user_aggregator, assistant_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(
         context,
         user_params=LLMUserAggregatorParams(vad_analyzer=SileroVADAnalyzer()),
@@ -141,6 +134,12 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
         logger.info(f"Client connected")
         # Kick off the conversation.
+        context.add_message(
+            {
+                "role": "developer",
+                "content": "Please introduce yourself to the user.",
+            }
+        )
         await task.queue_frames([LLMRunFrame()])
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_disconnected")

examples/function-calling/function-calling-google-video.py

@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Google Gemini model for vision analysis
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You are able to describe images from the user camera.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-google.py

@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ indicate you should use the get_image tool are:
 """
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-grok.py

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-        stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+        stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
         tts = XAIHttpTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("XAI_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["XAI_API_KEY"],
             aiohttp_session=session,
             settings=XAIHttpTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="eve",
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
         )
 
         llm = GrokLLMService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("XAI_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["XAI_API_KEY"],
             settings=GrokLLMService.Settings(
                 system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
             ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-groq.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = GroqSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("GROQ_API_KEY"))
+    stt = GroqSTTService(api_key=os.environ["GROQ_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = GroqLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GROQ_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GROQ_API_KEY"],
         settings=GroqLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-mistral.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = MistralLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("MISTRAL_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["MISTRAL_API_KEY"],
         settings=MistralLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-moondream-video.py

@@ -117,17 +117,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You are able to describe images from the user camera.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-nebius.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = NebiusLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("NEBIUS_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["NEBIUS_API_KEY"],
         settings=NebiusLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-novita.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = NovitaLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("NOVITA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["NOVITA_API_KEY"],
         settings=NovitaLLMService.Settings(
             model="openai/gpt-oss-120b",
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-nvidia.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = NvidiaLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("NVIDIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["NVIDIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=NvidiaLLMService.Settings(
             model="nvidia/llama-3.3-nemotron-super-49b-v1.5",
             # Recommended when turning thinking off

examples/function-calling/function-calling-ollama.py

@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-async-stream.py

@@ -107,17 +107,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=(

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-async.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = OpenAISTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAISTTService.Settings(
             model="gpt-4o-transcribe",
             prompt="Expect words related weather, such as temperature and conditions. And restaurant names.",
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     tts = OpenAITTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAITTSService.Settings(
             voice="ballad",
         ),
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-async-stream.py

@@ -107,17 +107,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=OpenAIResponsesLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=(

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-async.py

@@ -66,17 +66,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         enable_async_tool_cancellation=True,
         settings=OpenAIResponsesLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-http.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesHttpLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIResponsesHttpLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-video-http.py

@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesHttpLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIResponsesHttpLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You are able to describe images from the user camera.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses-video.py

@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIResponsesLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You are able to describe images from the user camera.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-responses.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIResponsesLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai-video.py

@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way. You are able to describe images from the user camera.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openai.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = OpenAISTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAISTTService.Settings(
             model="gpt-4o-transcribe",
             prompt="Expect words related weather, such as temperature and conditions. And restaurant names.",
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     tts = OpenAITTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAITTSService.Settings(
             voice="ballad",
         ),
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-openrouter.py

@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = AzureTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("AZURE_SPEECH_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["AZURE_SPEECH_API_KEY"],
-        region=os.getenv("AZURE_SPEECH_REGION"),
+        region=os.environ["AZURE_SPEECH_REGION"],
         settings=AzureTTSService.Settings(
             voice="en-US-JennyNeural",
             language="en-US",
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = OpenRouterLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENROUTER_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENROUTER_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenRouterLLMService.Settings(
             model="openai/gpt-4o-2024-11-20",
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-perplexity.py

@@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = PerplexityLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("PERPLEXITY_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["PERPLEXITY_API_KEY"],
         settings=PerplexityLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-qwen.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = QwenLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("QWEN_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["QWEN_API_KEY"],
         model="qwen2.5-72b-instruct",
         settings=QwenLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/function-calling/function-calling-sambanova.py

@@ -61,18 +61,18 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"],
     )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = SambaNovaLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("SAMBANOVA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["SAMBANOVA_API_KEY"],
         settings=SambaNovaLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-sarvam.py

@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     stt = SarvamSTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("SARVAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["SARVAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=SarvamSTTService.Settings(
             model="saaras:v3",
         ),
     )
 
     tts = SarvamTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("SARVAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["SARVAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=SarvamTTSService.Settings(
             model="bulbul:v3",
             voice="shubh",
         ),
     )
     llm = SarvamLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("SARVAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["SARVAM_API_KEY"],
         settings=SarvamLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/function-calling/function-calling-together.py

@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = TogetherLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("TOGETHER_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["TOGETHER_API_KEY"],
         settings=TogetherLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/getting-started/01-say-one-thing.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),

examples/getting-started/01a-local-audio.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ async def main():
     transport = LocalAudioTransport(LocalAudioTransportParams(audio_out_enabled=True))
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),

examples/getting-started/02-llm-say-one-thing.py

@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/getting-started/03-still-frame.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     imagegen = GoogleImageGenService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
     )
 
     task = PipelineTask(

examples/getting-started/04-sync-speech-and-image.py

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Create an HTTP session for API calls
     async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
+        llm = OpenAILLMService(api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"])
 
         tts = CartesiaHttpTTSService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
             settings=CartesiaHttpTTSService.Settings(
                 voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
             ),

examples/getting-started/05-speaking-state.py

@@ -96,17 +96,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/getting-started/06-voice-agent.py

@@ -51,17 +51,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/getting-started/06a-voice-agent-local.py

@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ async def main():
         )
     )
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/getting-started/07-function-calling.py

@@ -63,17 +63,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/mcp/mcp-multiple-mcp.py

@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     """
 
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),

examples/mcp/mcp-stdio.py

@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     """
 
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),

examples/mcp/mcp-streamable-http-gemini-live.py

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ from pipecat.processors.aggregators.llm_response_universal import (
 )
 from pipecat.runner.types import RunnerArguments
 from pipecat.runner.utils import create_transport
-from pipecat.services.cartesia.tts import CartesiaTTSService
-from pipecat.services.deepgram.stt import DeepgramSTTService
 from pipecat.services.google.gemini_live.llm import GeminiLiveLLMService
 from pipecat.services.mcp_service import MCPClient
 from pipecat.transports.base_transport import BaseTransport, TransportParams
@@ -54,15 +52,6 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
-
-    tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
-        settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
-            voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
-        ),
-    )
-
     system = f"""
     You are a helpful LLM in a voice call.
     Your goal is to answer questions about the user's GitHub repositories and account.
@@ -85,7 +74,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
         tools = await mcp.get_tools_schema()
 
         llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-            api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+            api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
             system_instruction=system,
             tools=tools,
         )

examples/mcp/mcp-streamable-http.py

@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Just respond with short sentences when you are carrying out tool calls.
 """
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_prompt,
         ),

examples/observability/observability-observer.py

@@ -100,17 +100,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",
         ),

examples/observability/observability-sentry-metrics.py

@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     stt = DeepgramSTTService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"],
         metrics=SentryMetrics(),
     )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         metrics=SentryMetrics(),
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant in a voice conversation. Your responses will be spoken aloud, so avoid emojis, bullet points, or other formatting that can't be spoken. Respond to what the user said in a creative, helpful, and brief way.",

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-anthropic.py

@@ -170,17 +170,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = AnthropicLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ANTHROPIC_API_KEY"],
         settings=AnthropicLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
         ),

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-aws-nova-sonic.py

@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ async def save_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
             # the simplest thing to do is to pop messages until the last one is an assistant
             # response
             while messages and not (
-                messages[-1].get("role") == "assistant" and "content" in messages[-1]
+                isinstance(messages[-1], dict)
+                and messages[-1].get("role") == "assistant"
+                and "content" in messages[-1]
             ):
                 messages.pop()
             if messages:  # we never expect this to be empty
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
                         }
                     )
                 params.context.set_messages(messages)
+                assert isinstance(params.llm, AWSNovaSonicLLMService)
                 await params.llm.reset_conversation()
                 # await params.llm.trigger_assistant_response()
         except Exception as e:
@@ -219,9 +222,9 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = AWSNovaSonicLLMService(
-        secret_access_key=os.getenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
+        secret_access_key=os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"],
-        access_key_id=os.getenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
+        access_key_id=os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"],
-        region=os.getenv("AWS_REGION"),  # as of 2025-05-06, us-east-1 is the only supported region
+        region=os.environ["AWS_REGION"],  # as of 2025-05-06, us-east-1 is the only supported region
         settings=AWSNovaSonicLLMService.Settings(
             voice="tiffany",  # matthew, tiffany, amy
             system_instruction=system_instruction,

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-gemini.py

@@ -243,17 +243,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         system_instruction=system_instruction,
     )
 

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-grok-realtime.py

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Remember, your responses should be short - just one or two sentences usually."""
     )
 
     llm = GrokRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("XAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["XAI_API_KEY"],
         session_properties=session_properties,
     )
 

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-realtime.py

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ async def load_conversation(params: FunctionCallParams):
         try:
             with open(filename) as file:
                 params.context.set_messages(json.load(file))
+                assert isinstance(params.llm, OpenAIRealtimeLLMService)
                 await params.llm.reset_conversation()
                 # NOTE: we manually create a response here rather than relying
                 # on the function callback to trigger one since we've reset the
@@ -171,10 +172,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     llm = OpenAIRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIRealtimeLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="""Your knowledge cutoff is 2023-10. You are a helpful and friendly AI.
 

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses-http.py

@@ -171,17 +171,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesHttpLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIResponsesHttpLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
         ),

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai-responses.py

@@ -171,17 +171,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAIResponsesLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIResponsesLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
         ),

examples/persistent-context/persistent-context-openai.py

@@ -171,17 +171,17 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
     )
 
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         system_instruction=system_instruction,
     )
 

examples/rag/rag-gemini-grounding-metadata.py

@@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Initialize the Gemini Multimodal Live model
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
         ),

examples/rag/rag-gemini.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ import os
 import time
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
-from google import genai
+from google import genai  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
 from loguru import logger
 
 from pipecat.adapters.schemas.function_schema import FunctionSchema
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@ transport_params = {
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="f9836c6e-a0bd-460e-9d3c-f7299fa60f94",  # Southern Lady
         ),
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Your response will be turned into speech so use only simple words and punctuatio
 """
 
     llm = GoogleLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GoogleLLMService.Settings(
             model=VOICE_MODEL,
             system_instruction=system_prompt,

examples/rag/rag-mem0.py

@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
-    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.getenv("DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"))
+    stt = DeepgramSTTService(api_key=os.environ["DEEPGRAM_API_KEY"])
 
     # Initialize text-to-speech service
     tts = ElevenLabsTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("ELEVENLABS_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["ELEVENLABS_API_KEY"],
         settings=ElevenLabsTTSService.Settings(
             voice="pNInz6obpgDQGcFmaJgB",
         ),
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Initialize LLM service
     llm = OpenAILLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAILLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="""You are a personal assistant. You can remember things about the person you are talking to.
                         Some Guidelines:

examples/realtime/realtime-aws-nova-sonic.py

@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Create the AWS Nova Sonic LLM service
     llm = AWSNovaSonicLLMService(
-        secret_access_key=os.getenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"),
+        secret_access_key=os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"],
-        access_key_id=os.getenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
+        access_key_id=os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"],
         # as of 2025-12-09, these are the supported regions:
         # - Nova 2 Sonic (the default model):
         #   - us-east-1
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
         # - Nova Sonic (the older model):
         #   - us-east-1
         #   - ap-northeast-1
-        region=os.getenv("AWS_REGION"),
+        region=os.environ["AWS_REGION"],
         session_token=os.getenv("AWS_SESSION_TOKEN"),
         settings=AWSNovaSonicLLMService.Settings(
             voice="tiffany",

examples/realtime/realtime-azure.py

@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     llm = AzureRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("AZURE_REALTIME_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["AZURE_REALTIME_API_KEY"],
-        base_url=os.getenv("AZURE_REALTIME_BASE_URL"),
+        base_url=os.environ["AZURE_REALTIME_BASE_URL"],
         settings=AzureRealtimeLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="""You are a helpful and friendly AI.
 

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-files-api.py

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Initialize Gemini service with File API support
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
             voice="Charon",  # Aoede, Charon, Fenrir, Kore, Puck

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-function-calling.py

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
         ),

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-google-search.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Initialize the Gemini Multimodal Live model
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             voice="Puck",  # Aoede, Charon, Fenrir, Kore, Puck
             system_instruction=system_instruction,

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-graceful-end.py

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
         ),

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-grounding-metadata.py

@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@ class GroundingMetadataProcessor(FrameProcessor):
         if isinstance(frame, LLMSearchResponseFrame):
             self._grounding_count += 1
             logger.info(f"\n\n🔍 GROUNDING METADATA RECEIVED #{self._grounding_count}\n")
-            logger.info(f"📝 Search Result Text: {frame.search_result[:200]}...")
+            if frame.search_result:
+                logger.info(f"📝 Search Result Text: {frame.search_result[:200]}...")
 
             if frame.rendered_content:
                 logger.info(f"🔗 Rendered Content: {frame.rendered_content}")
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     )
 
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=SYSTEM_INSTRUCTION,
             voice="Charon",  # Aoede, Charon, Fenrir, Kore, Puck
@@ -111,16 +112,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Create a processor to capture grounding metadata
     grounding_processor = GroundingMetadataProcessor()
-
-    messages = [
-        {
-            "role": "user",
-            "content": "Please introduce yourself and let me know that you can help with current information by searching the web. Ask me what current information I'd like to know about.",
-        },
-    ]
-
     # Set up conversation context and management
-    context = LLMContext(messages)
+    context = LLMContext()
     # Server-side VAD is enabled by default; no local VAD is added.
     user_aggregator, assistant_aggregator = LLMContextAggregatorPair(context)
 
@@ -144,6 +137,12 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
         logger.info(f"Client connected")
         # Kick off the conversation.
+        context.add_message(
+            {
+                "role": "developer",
+                "content": "Please introduce yourself and let me know that you can help with current information by searching the web. Ask me what current information I'd like to know about.",
+            }
+        )
         await task.queue_frames([LLMRunFrame()])
 
     @transport.event_handler("on_client_disconnected")

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-local-vad.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             voice="Aoede",  # Puck, Charon, Kore, Fenrir, Aoede
             vad=GeminiVADParams(disabled=True),

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-vertex-function-calling.py

@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     llm = GeminiLiveVertexLLMService(
         credentials=os.getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_TEST_CREDENTIALS"),
-        project_id=os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID"),
+        project_id=os.environ["GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID"],
-        location=os.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION"),
+        location=os.environ["GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION"],
         settings=GeminiLiveVertexLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction=system_instruction,
             voice="Puck",  # Aoede, Charon, Fenrir, Kore, Puck

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live-video.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ transport_params = {
 
 async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             voice="Aoede",  # Puck, Charon, Kore, Fenrir, Aoede
             # system_instruction="Talk like a pirate."

examples/realtime/realtime-gemini-live.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     llm = GeminiLiveLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["GOOGLE_API_KEY"],
         settings=GeminiLiveLLMService.Settings(
             voice="Aoede",  # Puck, Charon, Kore, Fenrir, Aoede
             # system_instruction="Talk like a pirate."

examples/realtime/realtime-grok.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
 
     # Create the Grok Realtime LLM service
     llm = GrokRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("XAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["XAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=GrokRealtimeLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="""You are a helpful and friendly AI assistant powered by Grok.
 

examples/realtime/realtime-inworld.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     # llm_model can be any supported model or an Inworld Router.
     # See: https://docs.inworld.ai/router/introduction
     llm = InworldRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("INWORLD_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["INWORLD_API_KEY"],
         llm_model="xai/grok-4-1-fast-non-reasoning",
         voice="Sarah",
         settings=InworldRealtimeLLMService.Settings(

examples/realtime/realtime-openai-live-video.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     llm = OpenAIRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIRealtimeLLMService.Settings(
             system_instruction="""You are a helpful and friendly AI.
 
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ Remember, your responses should be short. Just one or two sentences, usually. Re
     async def on_client_connected(transport, client):
         logger.info(f"Client connected: {client}")
 
-        await maybe_capture_participant_camera(transport, client, framerate=0.5)
+        await maybe_capture_participant_camera(transport, client, framerate=1)
-        await maybe_capture_participant_screen(transport, client, framerate=0.5)
+        await maybe_capture_participant_screen(transport, client, framerate=1)
 
         await task.queue_frames([LLMRunFrame()])
 

examples/realtime/realtime-openai-text.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ async def run_bot(transport: BaseTransport, runner_args: RunnerArguments):
     logger.info(f"Starting bot")
 
     llm = OpenAIRealtimeLLMService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"],
         settings=OpenAIRealtimeLLMSettings(
             system_instruction="""You are a helpful and friendly AI.
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Remember, your responses should be short. Just one or two sentences, usually. Re
     )
 
     tts = CartesiaTTSService(
-        api_key=os.getenv("CARTESIA_API_KEY"),
+        api_key=os.environ["CARTESIA_API_KEY"],
         settings=CartesiaTTSService.Settings(
             voice="71a7ad14-091c-4e8e-a314-022ece01c121",  # British Reading Lady
         ),