From 3b0affe5b4006a4c3869fa1c0b2e9c55a9519936 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mark Backman <mark@daily.co>
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2026 11:03:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Guard run_stt WebSocket sends with try/except

AssemblyAI, Cartesia, Gradium, and Soniox STT services sent audio over
the WebSocket without catching transient send failures, so a single
network hiccup could propagate an exception up through process_frame
and end the pipeline. Other push-based STT services (Deepgram, xAI,
Azure, Smallest, etc.) already guard their sends.

Follow the deepgram/stt.py pattern: log a warning and continue. The
existing connection-state check at the top of each call handles
recovery on the next invocation.
---
 src/pipecat/services/assemblyai/stt.py | 6 +++++-
 src/pipecat/services/cartesia/stt.py   | 5 ++++-
 src/pipecat/services/gradium/stt.py    | 6 +++++-
 src/pipecat/services/soniox/stt.py     | 5 ++++-
 4 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/pipecat/services/assemblyai/stt.py b/src/pipecat/services/assemblyai/stt.py
index 6b2607587..f87a5a0e5 100644
--- a/src/pipecat/services/assemblyai/stt.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/services/assemblyai/stt.py
@@ -433,7 +433,11 @@ class AssemblyAISTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             while len(self._audio_buffer) >= self._chunk_size_bytes:
                 chunk = bytes(self._audio_buffer[: self._chunk_size_bytes])
                 self._audio_buffer = self._audio_buffer[self._chunk_size_bytes :]
-                await self._websocket.send(chunk)
+                try:
+                    await self._websocket.send(chunk)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"{self}: send failed: {e}")
+                    break
 
         yield None
 
diff --git a/src/pipecat/services/cartesia/stt.py b/src/pipecat/services/cartesia/stt.py
index 191f778b3..018d95e6a 100644
--- a/src/pipecat/services/cartesia/stt.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/services/cartesia/stt.py
@@ -290,7 +290,10 @@ class CartesiaSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
         if not self._websocket or self._websocket.state is not State.OPEN:
             await self._connect()
 
-        await self._websocket.send(audio)
+        try:
+            await self._websocket.send(audio)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"{self}: send failed: {e}")
         yield None
 
     async def _connect(self):
diff --git a/src/pipecat/services/gradium/stt.py b/src/pipecat/services/gradium/stt.py
index 70fde8145..412f0a1b3 100644
--- a/src/pipecat/services/gradium/stt.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/services/gradium/stt.py
@@ -350,7 +350,11 @@ class GradiumSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             chunk = base64.b64encode(chunk).decode("utf-8")
             msg = {"type": "audio", "audio": chunk}
             if self._websocket and self._websocket.state is State.OPEN:
-                await self._websocket.send(json.dumps(msg))
+                try:
+                    await self._websocket.send(json.dumps(msg))
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"{self}: send failed: {e}")
+                    break
 
         yield None
 
diff --git a/src/pipecat/services/soniox/stt.py b/src/pipecat/services/soniox/stt.py
index 30c813c9d..95418011c 100644
--- a/src/pipecat/services/soniox/stt.py
+++ b/src/pipecat/services/soniox/stt.py
@@ -412,7 +412,10 @@ class SonioxSTTService(WebsocketSTTService):
             Frame: None (transcription results come via WebSocket callbacks).
         """
         if self._websocket and self._websocket.state is State.OPEN:
-            await self._websocket.send(audio)
+            try:
+                await self._websocket.send(audio)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(f"{self}: send failed: {e}")
 
         yield None