diff --git a/backend/.env.example b/backend/.env.example
index eac7185..bac1f9d 100644
--- a/backend/.env.example
+++ b/backend/.env.example
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ DATABASE_URL=postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres
 HOST=0.0.0.0
 PORT=8000
 # 前端开发地址,允许跨域
-CORS_ORIGINS=http://localhost:3000
+CORS_ORIGINS=http://localhost:3000,http://127.0.0.1:3000
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx b/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx
index 53af2b5..8d5ed32 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx
@@ -1790,9 +1790,15 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
   vizStyle: VizStyle;
   assistantId: string | null;
 }) {
-  const [micError, setMicError] = useState(false);
-  const { status, error, localStream, connect, disconnect, audioRef } =
-    useVoicePreview(assistantId, { onMicError: () => setMicError(true) });
+  const {
+    status,
+    error,
+    micWarning,
+    localStream,
+    connect,
+    disconnect,
+    audioRef,
+  } = useVoicePreview(assistantId);
   // 连接中或已连通都视作"会话进行中"
   const recording = status === "connecting" || status === "connected";
 
@@ -1827,15 +1833,10 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
 
           <div className="relative flex h-[200px] w-[240px] shrink-0 items-center justify-center">
             {(() => {
-              const onVizError = () => {
-                setMicError(true);
-                disconnect();
-              };
               const shared = {
                 active: Boolean(localStream),
                 stream: localStream,
                 className: "relative shrink-0",
-                onError: onVizError,
               } as const;
               if (vizStyle === "aura")
                 return <AuraVisualizer {...shared} size={200} />;
@@ -1852,17 +1853,19 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
               {status === "connecting"
                 ? "连接中…"
                 : status === "connected"
-                  ? "我在聆听"
+                  ? micWarning
+                    ? "仅收听模式"
+                    : "我在聆听"
                   : "开始一次语音对话"}
             </div>
             <p className="mx-auto text-xs leading-5 text-muted-foreground">
-              {micError
-                ? "无法访问麦克风，请检查浏览器权限后重试。"
-                : status === "failed"
+              {status === "failed"
                   ? error ||
                     "连接失败，请确认后端已启动且助手已保存后重试。"
                   : !assistantId
                     ? "请先保存助手，再开始语音预览。"
+                    : micWarning
+                      ? `${micWarning} 可接收助手播报，但无法发送语音。`
                     : recording
                       ? "直接说话即可。助手会在您停顿后自然回应。"
                       : "测试语音识别、响应速度与助手的播报效果。"}
@@ -1872,7 +1875,6 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
           <Button
             disabled={!assistantId || status === "connecting"}
             onClick={() => {
-              setMicError(false);
               if (recording) {
                 disconnect();
               } else {
diff --git a/frontend/src/hooks/use-voice-preview.ts b/frontend/src/hooks/use-voice-preview.ts
index a93af04..bd5f4e6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/use-voice-preview.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/use-voice-preview.ts
@@ -37,22 +37,30 @@ function generatePcId(): string {
   );
 }
 
-type UseVoicePreviewOptions = {
-  /** 取麦克风失败(权限/无设备)时回调,供 UI 提示。 */
-  onMicError?: () => void;
-};
-
 function errorMessage(error: unknown, fallback: string): string {
   if (error instanceof Error && error.message) return error.message;
   return fallback;
 }
 
-export function useVoicePreview(
-  assistantId: string | null,
-  { onMicError }: UseVoicePreviewOptions = {},
-) {
+function microphoneErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error instanceof DOMException) {
+    if (error.name === "NotAllowedError") {
+      return "麦克风权限被拒绝，请在浏览器网站设置中允许 localhost 使用麦克风。";
+    }
+    if (error.name === "NotFoundError") {
+      return "未检测到可用麦克风，请连接或启用麦克风后重试。";
+    }
+    if (error.name === "NotReadableError") {
+      return "麦克风正被其他应用占用，或系统未允许浏览器访问麦克风。";
+    }
+  }
+  return errorMessage(error, "无法访问麦克风。");
+}
+
+export function useVoicePreview(assistantId: string | null) {
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<VoicePreviewStatus>("idle");
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [micWarning, setMicWarning] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [localStream, setLocalStream] = useState<MediaStream | null>(null);
   const audioRef = useRef<HTMLAudioElement | null>(null);
   const pcRef = useRef<RTCPeerConnection | null>(null);
@@ -90,6 +98,7 @@ export function useVoicePreview(
     releaseResources();
     setLocalStream(null);
     setError(null);
+    setMicWarning(null);
     setStatus("idle");
   }, [releaseResources]);
 
@@ -110,11 +119,33 @@ export function useVoicePreview(
       setStatus("failed");
       return;
     }
-
     startingRef.current = true;
     setError(null);
+    setMicWarning(null);
     setStatus("connecting");
 
+    // 麦克风是可选的:获取失败时继续建立仅接收后端音频的 WebRTC 会话。
+    let stream: MediaStream | null = null;
+    if (window.isSecureContext && navigator.mediaDevices?.getUserMedia) {
+      try {
+        stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
+          audio: {
+            echoCancellation: true,
+            noiseSuppression: true,
+            autoGainControl: true,
+          },
+        });
+      } catch (mediaError) {
+        setMicWarning(microphoneErrorMessage(mediaError));
+      }
+    } else {
+      setMicWarning("当前页面无法访问麦克风，已进入仅收听模式。");
+    }
+    if (stream) {
+      localStreamRef.current = stream;
+      setLocalStream(stream);
+    }
+
     const pcId = generatePcId();
     const ws = new WebSocket(`${wsBaseUrl()}/ws/voice`);
     wsRef.current = ws;
@@ -205,24 +236,12 @@ export function useVoicePreview(
         else if (st === "disconnected") fail("WebRTC 音频连接已断开。");
       };
 
-      // 3) 取麦克风 → 加入连接
-      let stream: MediaStream;
-      try {
-        stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
-          audio: {
-            echoCancellation: true,
-            noiseSuppression: true,
-            autoGainControl: true,
-          },
-        });
-      } catch (mediaError) {
-        onMicError?.();
-        fail(errorMessage(mediaError, "无法访问麦克风。"));
-        return;
+      // 3) 有麦克风时双向音频；否则明确声明只接收后端音频。
+      if (stream) {
+        stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => pc.addTrack(track, stream));
+      } else {
+        pc.addTransceiver("audio", { direction: "recvonly" });
       }
-      localStreamRef.current = stream;
-      setLocalStream(stream);
-      stream.getTracks().forEach((track) => pc.addTrack(track, stream));
 
       // 4) 生成 offer 并发给后端(assistant_id 在 payload 顶层)
       const offer = await pc.createOffer();
@@ -247,10 +266,18 @@ export function useVoicePreview(
     } finally {
       startingRef.current = false;
     }
-  }, [assistantId, fail, onMicError]);
+  }, [assistantId, fail]);
 
   // 卸载时收尾
   useEffect(() => releaseResources, [releaseResources]);
 
-  return { status, error, localStream, connect, disconnect, audioRef };
+  return {
+    status,
+    error,
+    micWarning,
+    localStream,
+    connect,
+    disconnect,
+    audioRef,
+  };
 }