diff --git a/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx b/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx
index 494863a..8f6f4ac 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/pages/AssistantPage.tsx
@@ -1302,6 +1302,7 @@ export function AssistantPage(props: AssistantPageProps) {
             <DebugDrawer
               assistantId={editingId}
               asSheet
+              hasUnsavedChanges={dirty}
               onNodeActive={setActiveNodeId}
             />
           </SheetContent>
@@ -1403,7 +1404,7 @@ export function AssistantPage(props: AssistantPageProps) {
             </SectionCard>
           </div>
 
-          <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} />
+          <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} hasUnsavedChanges={dirty} />
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1517,7 +1518,7 @@ export function AssistantPage(props: AssistantPageProps) {
             </SectionCard>
           </div>
 
-          <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} />
+          <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} hasUnsavedChanges={dirty} />
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@ export function AssistantPage(props: AssistantPageProps) {
             </SectionCard>
           </div>
 
-          <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} />
+          <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} hasUnsavedChanges={dirty} />
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -1859,7 +1860,11 @@ export function AssistantPage(props: AssistantPageProps) {
           </SectionCard>
         </div>
 
-        <DebugDrawer assistantId={editingId} vision={visionEnabled} />
+        <DebugDrawer
+          assistantId={editingId}
+          hasUnsavedChanges={dirty}
+          vision={visionEnabled}
+        />
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -1934,11 +1939,13 @@ function SegmentedIconButton({
 function DebugDrawer({
   assistantId,
   asSheet = false,
+  hasUnsavedChanges = false,
   onNodeActive,
   vision = false,
 }: {
   assistantId: string | null;
   asSheet?: boolean;
+  hasUnsavedChanges?: boolean;
   onNodeActive?: (nodeId: string | null) => void;
   vision?: boolean;
 }) {
@@ -2050,6 +2057,7 @@ function DebugDrawer({
         assistantId={assistantId}
         preview={preview}
         camera={camera}
+        hasUnsavedChanges={hasUnsavedChanges}
         vision={vision}
       />
     </aside>
@@ -2180,6 +2188,7 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
   assistantId,
   preview,
   camera,
+  hasUnsavedChanges,
   vision,
 }: {
   view: DebugView;
@@ -2188,6 +2197,7 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
   assistantId: string | null;
   preview: VoicePreview;
   camera: CameraPreview;
+  hasUnsavedChanges: boolean;
   vision: boolean;
 }) {
   const {
@@ -2210,6 +2220,12 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
   const showIdleHub =
     idleOrFailed &&
     (view === "video" || (messages.length === 0 && inChatView));
+  const startBlockedMessage = !assistantId
+    ? "请先保存助手，再开始对话。"
+    : hasUnsavedChanges
+      ? "请先保存当前改动，再开始对话。"
+      : "";
+  const startDisabled = status === "connecting" || Boolean(startBlockedMessage);
 
   function handleSendText() {
     if (sendText(textDraft)) {
@@ -2218,12 +2234,13 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
   }
 
   const startConversation = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!assistantId || hasUnsavedChanges) return;
     const videoStream = vision ? await camera.start() : null;
     await connect({
       visionEnabled: vision,
       videoStream,
     });
-  }, [camera, connect, vision]);
+  }, [assistantId, camera, connect, hasUnsavedChanges, vision]);
 
   return (
     <div className="flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col">
@@ -2234,7 +2251,7 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
           <DebugIdleHub
             status={status}
             error={error}
-            assistantId={assistantId}
+            message={startBlockedMessage}
             connect={startConversation}
           />
         ) : (
@@ -2245,7 +2262,7 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
           <DebugIdleHub
             status={status}
             error={error}
-            assistantId={assistantId}
+            message={startBlockedMessage}
             connect={startConversation}
           />
         ) : (
@@ -2307,6 +2324,8 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
                     "连接失败，请确认后端已启动且助手已保存后重试。"
                   : !assistantId
                     ? "请先保存助手，再开始语音预览。"
+                    : hasUnsavedChanges
+                      ? "请先保存当前改动，再开始语音预览。"
                     : micWarning
                       ? `${micWarning} 可接收助手播报，但无法发送语音。`
                     : recording
@@ -2316,7 +2335,7 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
           </div>
 
           <Button
-            disabled={!assistantId || status === "connecting"}
+            disabled={recording ? status === "connecting" : startDisabled}
             onClick={() => {
               if (recording) {
                 disconnect();
@@ -2403,33 +2422,40 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
             </Button>
           )}
           {!showIdleHub && (
-            <Button
-              size="sm"
-              disabled={!assistantId || status === "connecting"}
-              onClick={() => {
-                if (recording) {
-                  disconnect();
-                } else {
-                  void startConversation();
-                }
-              }}
-              className={[
-                "h-10 shrink-0 gap-1.5 rounded-full px-4",
-                recording
-                  ? "bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
-                  : "",
-              ].join(" ")}
-              aria-label={recording ? "结束语音测试" : "开始语音测试"}
-            >
-              {status === "connecting" ? (
-                <Loader2 size={14} className="animate-spin" />
-              ) : recording ? (
-                <PhoneOff size={14} />
-              ) : (
-                <Mic size={14} />
+            <div className="flex shrink-0 flex-col items-end gap-1">
+              <Button
+                size="sm"
+                disabled={recording ? status === "connecting" : startDisabled}
+                onClick={() => {
+                  if (recording) {
+                    disconnect();
+                  } else {
+                    void startConversation();
+                  }
+                }}
+                className={[
+                  "h-10 gap-1.5 rounded-full px-4",
+                  recording
+                    ? "bg-destructive text-white hover:bg-destructive/90"
+                    : "",
+                ].join(" ")}
+                aria-label={recording ? "结束语音测试" : "开始语音测试"}
+              >
+                {status === "connecting" ? (
+                  <Loader2 size={14} className="animate-spin" />
+                ) : recording ? (
+                  <PhoneOff size={14} />
+                ) : (
+                  <Mic size={14} />
+                )}
+                {recording ? "结束对话" : "开始对话"}
+              </Button>
+              {!recording && startBlockedMessage && (
+                <span className="max-w-40 text-right text-[11px] leading-4 text-destructive">
+                  {startBlockedMessage}
+                </span>
               )}
-              {recording ? "结束对话" : "开始对话"}
-            </Button>
+            </div>
           )}
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -2449,18 +2475,25 @@ function DebugVoicePanel({
 // 空闲态只保留一个明确入口,避免中间区域显得拥挤。
 function DebugIdleHub({
   status,
-  assistantId,
+  error,
+  message,
   connect,
 }: {
   status: VoicePreviewStatus;
   error: string | null;
-  assistantId: string | null;
+  message: string;
   connect: () => Promise<void>;
 }) {
+  const helperText =
+    message ||
+    (status === "failed"
+      ? error || "连接失败，请确认后端已启动且助手已保存后重试。"
+      : "");
+
   return (
-    <div className="flex min-h-0 flex-1 items-center justify-center px-6 py-8">
+    <div className="flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col items-center justify-center gap-3 px-6 py-8 text-center">
       <Button
-        disabled={!assistantId}
+        disabled={Boolean(message)}
         onClick={() => void connect()}
         className="h-11 gap-2 rounded-full px-6 text-sm font-medium shadow-sm"
         aria-label={status === "failed" ? "重新连接" : "开始语音测试"}
@@ -2468,6 +2501,16 @@ function DebugIdleHub({
         <Mic size={18} />
         {status === "failed" ? "重新连接" : "开始对话"}
       </Button>
+      {helperText && (
+        <p
+          className={[
+            "max-w-xs text-xs leading-5",
+            message ? "text-destructive" : "text-muted-foreground",
+          ].join(" ")}
+        >
+          {helperText}
+        </p>
+      )}
     </div>
   );
 }